question

When the combination of two drugs result in an acute effect that is equivalent to the sum of the effects of either drug administered separately, the effect is known as:

answer

Additive

question

A model of drug dependence based on the idea that the drug abuser is motivated by a craving for the pleasurable effects of the drug is called psychological dependence.

answer

True

question

Regardless of which route of administration is used, the goal is for the drug to be absorbed into the bloodstream.

answer

True

question

According to the text, drugs such as alcohol and nicotine are referred to as:

answer

Licit Drugs

question

Potentiation involves the using two drugs; one (when taken alone) has no effect at all.

answer

True

question

What kind of procedure is conducted when the individual receiving the drug and the person administering the drug are unaware of whether a drug or a placebo is being given?

answer

Double-Blind Experiment

question

The rate of elimination of a particular drug can be determined by an index called:

answer

The elimination of half-life

question

The elimination half-life of a drug will be faster if the drug is fat-soluble than if it is not.

answer

False

question

Typically, medications used to treat what type of illness(s) are in the top five most frequently reported drugs in drug-related death cases.

answer

Anxiety and Depression

question

What is the name of the federal program in which metropolitan hospitals report the incidence of drug-related lethal and nonlethal emergencies?

answer

Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN)

question

What is the name for the measure of a drug's relative safety for use, computed by the ratio of the lethal dose for 50 percent of the population over the effective dose?

answer

Therapeutic Index

question

The name for the measure of a drug's relative safety for use, computed by the ratio of the lethal dose for 50 percent of the population over the effective dose is called toxicity index.

answer

False

question

In 2006, nearly 1 million individuals between 12 and 25 years of age were estimated to have misused Cough and Cold Tablets, products containing dextromethorphan products.

answer

True

question

According to the text, what six drugs are typical examples of club drugs that are normally ingested at all night "raves" and dance clubs and parties?

answer

MDMA (Ecstasy), GHB, ketamine, Rohypnol, methamphetamine, and LSD.

question

The alcohol content in many cough-and-cold medications, such as Coricidin HBP Cough and Cold Tablets is up to 40 percent.

answer

False

question

When there is a possibility that the short-term effects of a particular drug will trigger a toxic reaction, then this drug is identified as having what level of toxicity?

answer

Acute

question

What was the significance of The Harrison Act of 1914?

answer

It was designed to regulate drug abuse through taxation.

question

The Narcotics Control Act of 1956 made it a capital offense to sell heroin to individuals under the age of 18.

answer

True

question

Who was a prominent nineteenth century advocate of cocaine use?

answer

Sigmund Freud

question

What was the significance of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906?

answer

It was the first regulatory act regarding drug consumption

question

What is a shaman?

answer

a healer whose practice often includes the inducing of trances

question

In the 1980s, Congress authorized the Transportation Department to withhold federal highway funds for any state that did not raise the minimum drinking age to 21. This was precipitated by alarm over the number of young people dying in alcohol-related accidents.

answer

True

question

A prominent nineteenth century advocate of cocaine use was Alexander Flemming.

answer

False

question

What were the mandates of The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906?

answer

required manufacturers to list the amounts of alcohol or "habit-forming" drugs on product labels

question

The differential association perspective is the process of learning to use drugs includes not only learning the techniques of drug use but also learning to do rationalize the drug - taking behavior.

answer

False

question

According to the moral model of drug abuse, drug taking behavior is:

answer

A matter of personal choice

question

The anomie theory states that drug-taking behavior is simply a matter of personal choice, not a consequence of a biological defect.

answer

False

question

The natural chemical dopamine, when altered, is related to hallucinatory effects of such drugs as LSD and psilocybin.

answer

False, it's SERATONIN.

question

According to labeling theory, an individual who is experimenting with drugs begin perceiving herself as a drug user when the drug use becomes public knowledge and the person is seen in a new light.

answer

True

question

From a differential association perspective, the process of learning to use drugs includes not only learning the techniques of drug use but also learning to do what?

answer

Enjoy the experience

question

Biological theories of drug abuse focus primarily on what 3 principles?

answer

Genetic, physiological, and neurochemical factors

question

Social control theory holds that all human beings are, by nature:

answer

Liable to break rules

question

What term is used by street gangs and ethnic criminal groups in which in which both cocaine and heroin are distributed together?

answer

Double-breasted dealing

question

A major opium-producing region of Southwest Asia, comprising Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkey, Iran, and former regions of the Soviet Union are commonly referred to as:

answer

Golden Crescent

question

Psychoactive stimulants such as methamphetamine and cocaine or the hallucinogen PCP (known as "angel dust") produce an on-edge frame of mind and a social paranoia that can potentially lead to:

answer

Violent behavior

question

The four primary sources of heroin in the world are Afghanistan, Mexico, Lybia and Asia.

answer

False

question

The Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 requires that financial institutions in the United States report cash transactions of __________ or more to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and these institutions must identify the depositors and the sources of the money.

answer

$10,000

question

One of the main reasons contributing to the increase in incarceration rates of drug offenders is additional prosecution efforts and penalties for drug activity related to organized crime groups.

answer

False

question

The ADAM statistics show that marijuana to be the most commonly used drug among adult male arrestees and cocaine to be the second most common.

answer

True

question

Which reason is not adduced in the text as contributing to the increase in incarceration rates of drug offenders?

answer

additional prosecution penalties for drug activity related to organized crime groups

question

Street gangs and ethnic criminal groups that once dealt only in South American cocaine are engaging in a practice known as in twofold drug dealing, in which both cocaine and heroin are distributed together.

answer

False

question

The source-control problem in the 1970s with respect to heroin was considerably easier than it is today. At that time, 80 % of the heroin used in the United States originated from Turkey.

answer

True

question

What are the two basic types of undercover buy operations?

answer

(1) the buy-bust and (2) the buy-walk.

question

What is another slang term for the "push down, pop up phenomenon?"

answer

Balloon effect

question

Where is the maritime "transit zone?"

answer

a six-million square mile area that includes the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Eastern Pacific

question

Another slang term for the "push down, pop up phenomenon" is the jack-in-the-box phenomenon.

answer

False

question

Law enforcement activities that reduce or eliminate the cultivation and production of illicit drugs in foreign countries are known as:

answer

Source Control

question

Law enforcement activities that reduce or eliminate the cultivation and production of illicit drugs in foreign countries are known as ethnocentric eradication philosophy.

answer

False

question

What is the third category of the certification process besides (1) those countries that are fully compliant with U.S. counter-drug efforts ("certified") and (2) those countries not compliant?

answer

those that are not compliant but certified based on vital U.S. national interests

question

What are the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) required to do to decertified countries?

answer

vote against loans or grants

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