Drugs for Sedation and Anesthesia – Flashcards

sedation •Mechanism: Short-acting benzodiazepines, a type of generalized CNS depressant (GABA receptor agonist). Use: intravenous, used for presurgical sedation and anxiolysis in dentistry; Few -- no respiratory or cardiac depression, no anesthetic effect. Some rebound anxiety & insomia when drug wears off.

sedation •Mechanism: Short-acting benzodiazepines, a type of generalized CNS depressant (GABA receptor agonist). use: orally, insomnia Few -- no respiratory or cardiac depression, no anesthetic effect. Some rebound anxiety & insomia when drug wears off.

sedation •Mechanism: An intermediate-long acting barbiturate, or generalized CNS depressant (another type of GABA receptor agonist). • Uses (in past): insomnia •Side Effects: OD kills you (shuts down brain, respiration and heart -- all excitable tissues); Rebound symptoms from discontinuation of drug include severe withdrawal anxiety, delerium, insomnia, drug dependence.

sedation antihistamine •Mechanism: anticholinergic (antimuscarinergic) action causes mild sedation. • Use: Insomnia (with or without runny nose.) •Side Effects: None -- Great for old folks who need quick presurgical or bedtime calming but can no longer tolerate benzos.

sedation •Mechanism: Serotonin 5-HT1Ar agonist used to reduce 5-HT neurotransmission and consequent forebrain hyperactivity. • Use: anxiolytic effect ONLY -- NO sedation occurs. But takes a few weeks to work. •Side Effects: No major side effects.

sedation •Mechanism: Not benzos chemically, but still act on benzo site on GABA receptor. •Use: Insomnia only -- not anxiolytic at non-sedating doses. •Side Effects: Mild psychological depedence possible.

sedation •Mechanism: Neurohormone made by the pineal gland; also made and sold as a dietary supplement. Mild hypnotic effect, can shift circadian and sleep patterns. •Use: Insomnia, jet lag. •Side Effects: Dietary preparations can be uncontrolled in dose and not certified pure.

•Mechanism: Benzodiazepine/GABA receptor ANTAGONIST •Uses: To bring someone out of benzo sedation or benzo OD. •Side-effects: Any prior anxiety is restored.

anesthetic •Mechanism: A short-acting barbiturate, or generalized CNS depressant (GABA receptor agonist) -- induces anesthesia • Use: intravenous anesthesia •Side Effects: Suppression of respiration and cardiac output.

anesthesia •Mechanism: An "angel dust"-like NMDA receptor modulator, induces complete but conscious "dissociative" anesthesia -- no memory and insensitive to pain. • Use: intravenous anesthesia •Side Effects: Hallucinations, cardiac stimulation.

anesthesia laughing gas •Mechanism: An early gas anesthetic • Use: inhalant analgesic alone; also used to potentiate other gas anesthestics. •Side Effects: no cardiac or respiratory suppression, but risk of bone marrow suppression.

anesthetic •Mechanism: A modern replacement gas anesthetic for ether and nitrous oxide. • Use: inhalant anesthesia •Side Effects: "Hangover" due to extended fat releaching; cardiac and respiratory suppression; risk of liver damage.

anesthetic •Mechanism: A newer replacement gas anesthetic for halothane. • Use: inhalant anesthesia •Side Effects: Little cardiac or respiratory suppression, so safer than halothane or intravenous thiopental.