Drugs – Microbiology Test Questions – Flashcards

Strep (except some S. pneumo)

Enterococcus (only cidal in combo with aminoglycoside)

Treponema pallidum

Oral Anaerobes

Same as natural penicillin PLUS:

Listeria

E. coli, Proteus, H. flu

Lyme

Same as aminopenicillin PLUS:

MSSA

Beta-lactamase producing H. flu, Klebsiella, E. coli

B. fragilis (Gram negative Anaerobes)

MSSA

Strep (except S. pneumo)

*note the hepatic elimintation; no adjustments needed for renal insufficiency

MSSA

Strep (except S. pneumo)

Enterococcus

Pseudomonas (Gram negative Aerobes)

B. Fragilis

MSSA

Strep

SOME E. coli, Klebsiella

Oral Anaerobes

;

*skin/soft tissue infections, surgical prophylaxis; NOT for sinusitis, otitis media, or LRIs (b/c they tend to be Gram negative)

MSSA

Strep

SOME E. coli, Klebsiella, H. flu

Oral Anaerobes

;

*increased Gram negative activity (H. flu) allows for use in sinusitis, otitis media

Strep (moderate)

SOME E. coli, Klebsiella, H. flu

Oral Anaerobes

B. fragilis

;

*anaerobic coverage (B. fragilis) allows for use in pelvic/intra-abdominal infxn

MSSA (moderate)

Strep

Gram negative Aerobes (expect Pseudomonas)

Oral Anaerobes

*ceftriaxone, cefotaxime for CA-meningitis, N. gonorrhea, neuro Lyme

Pseudomonas

MRSA

Strep

Gram negative Aerobes (except Pseudomonas)

Oral Anaerobes

*basically, Ceftriaxone + MRSA

MSSA

Strep

Pseudomonas

Oral Anaerobes

Pseudomonas

*good for patients with allergies to other beta-lactams

MSSA

Enterococcus

Pseudomonas

B. fragilis

*imipenem = seizures in patients w/ poor renal fxn

Gram negative Aerobes (except Pseudomonas)

B. fragilis

MRSA/MRSE (cidal)

Enterococcus (static)

C. diff (Gram positive Anaerobes)

*rash/hypotension w/ fast infusion, nephrotoxicity

*use exclusively for Gram positive infxn, esp. C. diff diarrhea

MRSA/MRSE (cidal)

Enterococcus (static)

C. diff

*basically same as vancomycin, but higher nephrotoxicity

MRSA/MRSE

Gram negative Aerobes (except Pseudomonas)

Nocardia

Pneumocystis jiroveci (PCP)

Toxoplasma gondii

*rash, hyperkalemia, mild creatinine elvation

*UTI is one of many uses

N. meningitidis (prophylaxis)

M. tuberculosis

Staph endocarditis

Infections of prostheses

*red/orange urine, hepatotoxicity

*NEVER use as monotherapy

*MANY drug interactions

C. diff infxn is only use

S. pneumo (Moxi and Levo)

Pseudomonas (Cipro and Levo)

B. fragilis (Moxi)

Chalmydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella (atypicals)

*CNS effects, tendon rupture, C. diff infxn

*used for UTI, prostatitis, Resp Tract/GI/Bone/Joint infxns, STDs

Strep/Staph (moderate)

Enterococcus (cidal with beta-lactam)

Pseudomonas (genta>tobra>amik)

*nephrotoxic, ototoxic

*used with beta-lactam for staph/strep/enterococcal endocarditis; also used as "double coverage" for SEVERE Gram negative infxn

MSSA

Strep pneumo

H. flu, N. gonorrhea, M. catrrhalis, Campylobacter, H. pylori

Legionella, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma (atypicals)

Anaerobes (but NOT B. fragilis)

*VTach with Clarith; also, more drug interactions with Clarith (b/c it's metabolized by CYP)

*good for atypical pathogens and CA-pneumonia; also, otitis/sinusitis

;

Strep pneumo

Staph

Enterococcus

H. flu, N. gonorrhea, M. catarrhalis, Campylobacter

Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia (atypicals)

Lyme, Rickettsia

*discoloration of teeth in kids, GI ulceration; use in hospital is limited; best for outpatient treatment of URI

MRSA, VRE

Gram negative Aerobes (except Pseudomonas)

B. fragilis

;

*tooth discoloration in kids and GI ulceration

*NOT for bacteremia

Staph, Strep

Gram negative Anaerobes (except B. fragilis)

;

*often leads to C. diff colitis

*use only for skin/soft tissue/oral infxn in people with penicillin allergy OR as combo therapy for necro fasciitis (GAS)

MRSA, VRE

;

*use for resistant Gram positive infxn

*myelosuppression and serotonin syndrome

Gram positive Aerobes, including VRE

E. coli

;

*GI and pulmo side effects

*use only for UTI (but NOT pyelonephritis)

;

B. fragilis

Trichomonas

Giardia

H. pylori

C. diff

;

*best for anaerobic infxn

*also, see fungal and parasite lectures

All Strep

MSSA, MRSA, MRSE

VRE

;

*NOT for pneumonia

*use for Gram positive bacteremia that is refractory to other treatment

*dose adjust for renal insuff

Pseudomonas

;

*last resort for resistant Gram negative infections (especially aerobic)

*dose adjust for renal insuff