question

According to George Herbert Mead, the _________ begins to develop as children learn to fulfill the different roles involved in games.

answer

generalized other

question

the American woodworkers adoption of Japanese saws is a good example of....?

answer

cultural diffusion

question

Yesterday, Bill receive a letter from the student conduct board; the letter notified him that he had been found guilty of academic dishonesty. The letter further informed Bill that he was suspended from the university for two semesters. This letter is an example of......?

answer

none of the above

question

Your 12-year-old son is thinking about going to camp this summer and he brings home information about camp kil-a-kid. according to the brochure he gives you, camper will rise every morning at 6am dress in the camp uniform, and run two miles. After breakfast everyone has camp duties until lunch. After lunch there is an enforced "rest hour." after that, the campers get to pick an activity for 20 minutes. This is followed by a 20-minutes dip in the camps unheated pool. dinner is at 6pm. and unless kids "clean their plates" they do not get dessert. The brochure warned that the kids are not allowed to call home and that parents cannot visit while camp is in session. You cannot figure out why your son is so excited- to you given your sociological training this place sounds like: ....?

answer

A total intuition

question

If there were no culture, the most serious consequences would be that....?

answer

humans would have trouble surviving at all.

question

According to Margaret Visser ("Much Depends On Dinner"), material culture (e.g., forks, chairs, hallways).....?

answer

governs our lives to the extent that we take it for granted

question

it's your daughters sixteenth birthday and you are catering a "sweet sixteen party" for her. Which of the following statements is most likely to be made by the sociologist who just happens to witness this event?

answer

"this party is a good example of a rite of passage"

question

Anna and Isabelle were each raised in isolation, but after being rescued Isabelle was more successfully socialized. The difference in outcome can be explained by the fact that....?

answer

Isabelle's mother was present during her early years.

question

Rene' Spitz' comparison of infants raised in orphanage and infants raised in prison nursery, suggested that....?

answer

social isolation need not to be extreme to have an impact on children's development

question

At a formal dinner party, Liza slurped her soup too loudly. This action would be described most accurately by a sociologist as a breach of:.....?

answer

folkways

question

As a local farmer, Mark is fully aware o fthe fact that nothing other than white wheat has been grow in the are for hundreds of years. However, Mark decides to break with tradition and plant beans. At the next annual meeting of the farmers Grange Association (FGA), Mark is awarded a giant stuffed green bean and everyone laughs at him. This is an example of what sociologist would call.....?

answer

a negative informal sanction

question

Consider the following statements and then indicate which "summary statement" (below) is accurate. -norms reflect a society's values -institutions are part of societies nonmaterial culture. -both material and non material elements of culture may diffuse. -our cultural beliefs indicate what we accept as factual

answer

Each statement is true

question

Brittney Spears has noticed that people seem to like her singing again. She thinks; "people smile when I sing. I must be a good singer. I feel good about that." Her thinking reflects the dynamics of what Cooley called the:.....?

answer

Looking-glass self

question

With which of the following statements on socialization would most sociologist disagree?

answer

Socialization is fairly complete once the individual reaches puberty.

question

Based upon the video, Assaults on Gay America, which of the following statements is false?

answer

All societies make distinctions on the basis of two sex categories (male and female) and all societies define homosexuality the same.

question

Sociology is best understood as the scientific study of.....?

answer

interaction and relations between human beings

question

Hernándo's position in society as convicted murder is bet described (sociologically) as...?

answer

an achiever status

question

In most universities and colleges, young professors must work like crazy to earn tenure. often, special stress is placed on how much the young professor publishes. One consequence of this is that some faculty members do not pay much attention to their teaching, A sociologist would most likely call this outcome....?

answer

a latent dysfunction of the tenure system

question

To what radio station do people listen in their cars? One sociologist researched this by having auto mechanics through the city keep track of where peoples radios were tuned when they brought their cars in for service. This is an example of : ....?

answer

unobtrusive research

question

Annabelle smith has a firm personal conviction that the American criminal justice system treats everyone fairly. then, in a Newsweek article, she reads several studies that demonstrate that members of minority groups tend to receive more severe punishments compared to members of other racial groups- regardless of the type of crime. Max Webber would tell ms smith that:...?

answer

she has come face to face with an "inconvenient fact"

question

Which of the following is not an empirical question?

answer

Are catholic or protestants more likely to achieve heave after death?

question

According to max weber, when people engage in non rational behavior, they:...?

answer

may be engaging in a behavior simply because they enjoy it

question

John Howard Griffin was a white man and a journalist. In the 1950s, to discover that it was like to live life as an African American griffin shaved his head dyed his skin black and traveled through the deep south playing the role of an unemployed black man. A sociologist would call this research method:....?

answer

complete participant

question

which of the following elements would you be surprised to find in an experiment?

answer

all of these are elements of an experiment

question

According to Durkheim's definition of social facts, which of the following is NOT a social fact?

answer

levels of serotonin

question

The Nuremberg Code was written in response to....?

answer

experiments performed by Nazi doctors during World War II

question

_________is a testable statement that describes or explains the relationship between and/or among variables.

answer

a hypothesis

question

A sample is _______ when every individual in the population has the same chances of being included.

answer

random

question

In sociological research the term Hawthorne effect refers to...?

answer

the fact that merely being a subject in a research project can affects someone behavior

question

Emile Durkheim viewed modern society as...?

answer

all of the above

question

What is the definition of Sociology?

answer

It is the scientific study of interactions and relations among human beings

question

What is the Thomas Theorem?

answer

the basic sociological truth that if people define situations as real they are real in their consequences

question

What are variables?

answer

a variable is something that is thoughtto influence or be influecned by another thing

question

What do variables have?

answer

attributes

question

What is an attribute?

answer

it is a characteristic or a quality that describes a thing

question

What are some examples of attributes

answer

Buddhist, male,

question

What is an hypothesis

answer

different attributes of variable X are related to different attributes of variable Y

question

What kinds of variables

answer

independent and dependent

question

what's the difference between independent and dependent

answer

the dependent variable depends on the independent variable

question

What is a positive relationship

answer

variables that vary in the same direction

question

What is a negative relationship

answer

variables hat vary in the opposite direction

question

What is the operational definition

answer

defining a variable in such a way that I can be observed and measured often accomplished by listing the variables attributes

question

what is operationalizing a variable

answer

listing a variables attributes so that you can count the presence ior absence of those attribute in the real world

question

What is an example of operationalizing a variable?

answer

gender: (attributes): male and female

question

what does a list of variables being exhaustive mean?

answer

everything or person being observed must fit into one category

question

What does a list of variables being mutually exclusive mean?

answer

no one person or thing should be able to fit into more than a single category

question

How do you read tables and figures? 5 steps

answer

1-begin by reading the title of the table carefully (to be sure not to misinterpret a table) 2-determine the source of the data (is it trustworthy) 3-read any notes that accompany the table or figure (additionally info about data) 4-examine any footnotes 5-look for any trends in the data (vertically or horizontally- what does the table tell me about the relationship between the variables)

question

What is a survey?

answer

it is a series of questions asked of a number of people

question

What are the strength an weakness of survey?

answer

strengths of survey are that they are appropriate for discovering basic "demographic information" (age, gender, income, education, and religion affliations) it is also a strength because if allows research to observe things they cannot observe directly such has attitudes. A weakness of the survery method is that it can not measure peoples actual behaviorwell. people can not give an accurate account of theri behaviors even when they want to.

question

`What is an experiment?

answer

a research method that involves manipulatinig the causual factor and then observing the effects on an outcome

question

What are the strength an weakness of a experiment?

answer

strength can determinecausation not jsutassocation because research subjects can be manipulated limitations- they are difficult and expensice to conduct, may cause ethical andlegal complications when subjets lives are manipulated, difficult to test more the none factor at a time, require longfollowup

question

What is observational research (field work)?

answer

researchersdirectly observe behaviorsin natrual enviroment notlabatory

question

What are the strength an weakness of observational research (field work)?

answer

strength-can be observed subjects innatrual setting, can provide rich detailedinfo imits-cannot be generalized to thelarger populations, may be affected by the presence oftheresearcher

question

What is the Hawthrone effect?

answer

changes that occur in peoples bahvior becase they are involved as research subjecys`

question

What are the types of unobtrustive research?

answer

artifacts,exisitingn statistics

question

What is Tiangulation?

answer

research strategy inwhich differnt resrach methods are brought to bear on one single research prblem

question

Why is Triangulation important?

answer

because one is using somany methods of research (triangualtion) the benfifitis the strength of one method overcome the weakness of another

question

What is culture?

answer

culture consist of patterns, explicit, implicit, for behavior transmiteed by symbols,ext ideasvalues

question

What is material and nonmaterial culture?

answer

material is anthign that humans make or adapt from raw stuff in nature: ex: computers, houses, forks, nonmaterial is made up of nontanigle things that vary from simple to complexy ex:ideas about truth and beauty

question

What are artifacts?

answer

are byproducts of human behavior

question

What are symbols?

answer

is anything that represents something else tomore then one perosn

question

Define language?

answer

isan organized set of symbols but is essenctial to nonmaterial cultre

question

define gestures

answer

are a part of language as well it send messages with your body language and how you move

question

define norms

answer

rules about bahvior

question

dwefine folkways

answer

causual norms -violations are not takenseriously ex: stnafin forward in an eleveato

question

define mores/mos

answer

mores are anthign but causual and reflect more important rules-example: unjustfiedable assauls

question

define taboo

answer

are norms that are so deepely held that even the thought of violating then upsets people

question

define santions

answer

visible responses to behavior

question

define formal danctions

answer

are official responses- governemtn,churches, university

question

define informal santions

answer

come fromidividual of social groups

question

define postibe seantcion

answer

positive sanctiosn would be rewarded if youre keepign up with thenorms

question

define negative sanctions

answer

ifyou violate a norm

question

define values

answer

general or abstract ideas about what is good or desirable

question

define beliefs

answer

peoples ideas about what is real and not real

question

define ideology

answer

shared beliefs that are distorted by econcimic or political condition

question

define cultural leveling

answer

as cultural diffusion increases the differencesbetween cultural decreases

question

define cultural diffusion

answer

processby which people of differnet cultures borrow elements ofmaterial and nonmaterial culture from one another

question

define subculture

answer

a group of people who specialized norms, beliefs, or use ofmaterial culture set them apart from other people in soceity

question

define countercultura

answer

subcultuer whose values andbeliefs set it not only apart from but also in opposition to the domiant cukture

question

Who is Margaret visser

answer

she states "the extent to which we take every day objects for granted is the price extent to which they govern andinform our lives"

question

what is ideoculture

answer

knowledge, eliefs, behaviors, customs, shared by members of a small group used by group members to facilitate interacitons

question

define sociolization

answer

is the process by which people acquire cultral coptenecy and through which society perpetuates the fundamental nature of exsisting social structures

question

what is social slef

answer

are the values,beliefs,ideas, and ecsion makign strategies and the general way in which people live theri lives

question

what is the thing sabout anna an disableel

answer

they were an example of importance of social facors. anna was a wedlcok child that was locked in an attic for the first 6 years oof her life. she awas fed but not nurtured in any way other than that. when she was rescued she could not do any of the things expected of a normal 6 year old. she died four years later. isablle was also kept in seclusion away from huma ninteraction quite lke anna had been. when she was frescued at 6.5 she acted the way a animal would. ina couple of years she caught up to the other kids her age.. the reason she did better then ann was because she wasnt completely cut off form huma interaction like anna had been

question

who is cooley

answer

he created what is called the looking glass self.

question

What is the looking glass self

answer

it is based on our preception of how others see us

question

what is a generalized other

answer

as the child begins more and more to be able to take onthe point of view of others, we say that he or she has acquired a generalized other

question

what is the rene spitz research

answer

compared the progress of infants in two differnt settings. one was a nursery and theother was an orphange. the children in both werewell takencare of the only real differnce between the two was theamount of social interaction. in prison nursery infants were cardmostly for by there mothers, where in the orphange sixnursescaredfor 45infants. the outcome was the orphanage did not do well

question

What are the agents of socilization

answer

family-important role inreproducing exsisting social arragnements,school-is the firstlessonone learnsthat everyonecan expect to be treated in the same relatively impersonalmanner , hidden circulum, mass media- has exposure that effects ourperception of reality, peer groups-socializing children into appropriate gender role bahviors, workplace-helps you findemployment and begin to learn the reality of a job,

question

What is mead-play and games

answer

play was an essential part of human develipment becauseit was imitative behavior like playing pretend. games had rules and specific roles like baseball

question

What is mead- I and me

answer

mead said he self had two phases, i and me. the me is the part based on how one sees others as seeing themselves. the is the part of you that is uniquelt you like your personal reactions to the situation

question

define role takign

answer

to take on the role of another and see hw things look from his or her point of view

question

define rites of passage

answer

is a ceremony or ritual that marks an imporatnt transition from status to status within the life cycle

question

define anticipatory socilization

answer

involves learning about an even playing at a work tole before entering it

question

define resocialisation

answer

is taking away the individuals self and giving them a new one more in keeping with the need of total instituion

question

define degradation ceremonies

answer

has a goal of degrading the individual to take away the indicuials self in prep from giving them a new one

question

define depersonalization

answer

is when they have their personality basically taken away from them and rewired to new rules

question

define total instituions

answer

are places of "residence and work where a leage number of life-situated indivuals cut off from the wider society for an apperciableamount of time together lead an eclosed formally admiinsterd round of life

question

What are the differneces between income and wealth? (bnotes)

answer

income is theamount of money that anindividual or gamilygroup recieves in wages, salaries, investments, and so on. Wealth is the total value of assets owened by an individual or family grpoup, minus the amount of debt they have

question

What share of the total US income does the riches 20 percent of us families earn? (notes

answer

half of income taht is paid out each year

question

What share of the toal us wealth does the riches 20 percent of us families hold?

answer

more then 80 percent of wealth

question

define matthew effect

answer

the matthew effect is described as such" "once wealth is accumplated, oppurtunities to makemore money multipl since accumlated wealth leads to income-earning oppurtunities that are not open to those with out wealth"

question

define cultural and structural explantions of inequality

answer

cultural explanation of the reproduction of the class structure hinge on two differnt assumptions: people in deiffernt social classes have different patterns of values, beliefs, and behavioral normas,or that the cultural perpsective is that the values, beliefs and bahvioral norms of lower classes are not very compatiblewith social success. structrual explanations of the reproducion of the class system reject the notion that the best way to understnad poverty is to look at cultural attributes of the poor

question

define Pygmalion effect

answer

is the effect of teachers expectations on students performace

question

What is social stratification

answer

is the evolution ranking reward system and its results

question

explain the differneces between sex and gender

answer

sex is biological and gender is what you choose

question

C. Wright Mills, "The Promise"- What is socioligcal imagination/perspective

answer

it is an analytical tool that is useful for understanding and explainging individuals behavior patterns of social action,and other social phenomenas -it does not absolve personal responsibilty;however, it reveals that an individual behavior is impacted by factors outside of that individual

question

C. Wright Mills, "The Promise"- what are the personal troubesl of the milleu

answer

They are the troubles that occur within the characterof the individual and within the range of his imediate relationship with others... millieu-the social setting that is directly open to his persoanl experience and t some extent his willful activity

question

C. Wright Mills, "The Promise"- what are the public issues of the social structure

answer

issues have to do with matters that transcend theses local environments of the individual and the range of his inner life. it has to do with organizations of many milleux into instituions and historical society asa whole

question

C. Wright Mills, "The Promise"- why is the sociological imagination/percepective useful

answer

its important because it reveals the bigger pictures, illuminates connections amond individuals and problems in society, it heps avoid explaing social life soley in terms of indivdual or physcological ways, facilitates critical thinking of taken -for-granted instituions and patterened ways of doing things, it offers ways for sovling problems and bringing social change

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