DNA Test Quiz Flashcards
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Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith's transformation experiment?
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live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria
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What did Avery conclude caused transformation?
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DNA was the transforming factor
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What would of happened if Avery added an enzyme that digested all the nucleic acid to the mixture of the heat-killed bacteria, added the mixture to harmless bacteria and injected the mixture into the mice?
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The harmless bacteria would not of been transformed, and the mice would of lived.
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Griffith's experiments advanced the study of genetics by proving that...
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there is a chemical that contains genetic information that can be passed from one organism to another
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What do bacteriophages infect?
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bacteria
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Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorus and not radioactive sulfur?
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DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur.
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In which cells is the accurate transmission of information most important?
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sex cells
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Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
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deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
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Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of ...
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thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules
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What structural problem prevents adenine from pairing with guanine?
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The bases are both long (big/two rings/purines)
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What did Chargaff contribute to the study of DNA?
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Chargaff showed that adenine and thymine were found in equal percentages in DNA, but he did not know this was because of base pairing.
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Which scientific figured out that the shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix?
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Watson and Crick
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What is the chronological order the important discoveries in the structure of DNA?
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Chargaff's ratios of nucleotides-> Franklin makes an X-ray diffraction photo of DNA -> Watson and Crick identify the double helix
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What did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the effort to identify the structure of DNA?
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x-ray diffraction photos of the DNA molecule
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DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
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each with one new strand and one original strand
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During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
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GATCCA
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What enzyme works to add DNA to ends of chromosomes in rapidly dividing cells such as those found in an embryo, to prevent genes from being lost during replication?
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telomerase
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in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, how many copies of the chromosome are left after replication
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2
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in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA replication happens
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before cell division
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The Watson and Crick model of DNA is a _______, in which two strands are wound around each other.
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double helix
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__________ are weak bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together, but also allow the DNA to separate and replicate.
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Hydrogen bonds
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Chromatin contains proteins called ______.
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histones
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The tips of chromosomes are known as ___________.
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telomeres
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polymer is to monomer as DNA is to ____________.
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nucleotide
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one of the strands in DNA appears to be upside down or running in the opposite direction. this property is called _____________.
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antiparallel
