DNA Replication and More Chap 8 – Flashcards

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question
What is the process of copying DNA prior to cell replication
answer
DNA Replication
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What serves as a template for DNA replication
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Each of the original DNA strands
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What must occur for an organism to pass genetic information on to its offspring?
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The parent must copy its own DNA and provide a copy on to his offspring
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What is the function of stabilizing proteins?
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To hold the separated strands apart and prevent degradation
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The replication for moves...
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ahead of the newly synthesized DNA
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What is the role of DNA helicase in DNA replication?
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To use the energy from ATP to break the hydrogen bonds and b/t the two DNA strands, thereby "Unzipping" the molecule
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What is meant by semiconservative replication?
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The new copies of DNA contain one original strand and one new strand of DNA
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The replication fork is:
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The point where the DNA helicase is "unzipping" the double stranded DNA molecule
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What is a Base Pair?
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They always occur in a certain order:
Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine
Uracil - Found in RNA, it base-pairs with adenine and replaces thymine during DNA transcription.
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What is a gene?
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A segment of DNA that encodes a functional product,usually a protein
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What is genomics?
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The molecular study of genomes
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What is a genotype?
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The genes of an organism
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What is a phenotype?
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Expression of the genes
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What is genetics?
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The study of how genes:
carry info
how info is expressed
how genes are replicated
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What does DNA stand for?
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Dioxyribonucleic Acid
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What does RNA stand for?
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Ribonucleic Acid
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What are nucleotides?
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The structural units of nucleic acids
(DNA and RNA)
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How many parts does a nucleotide have? What are they?
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3

A nitrogen containing base
a pentose (5 carbon sugar) deoxyribose or ribose
a phosphate group (phosporic acid
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What are nitrogen-containing bases made up of?
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Cyclic Compounds
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms

Adenine (A) Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C) and guanine (G)
Uracil (U)
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What is a DNA polymerase?
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an enzyme that catalized the polymerization of deoxynucleotides into DNA
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What is DNA?
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DNA is a macromolecule composed of repeating units called nucleotides. It is the blueprint for a cell's protein and is obtained from a parent cell and from another cell
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What is a genome?
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All of the genetic information in a cell
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What is a chromosome?
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Structure containing DNA that physically carries hereditary.
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Which enzyme can synthesize new strands of DNA
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DNA polymerase
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Why is primase essential for DNA Replication?
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It provides a 3' end of the newly synthesized strands, allowing DNA polymerase to begin coping DNA
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DNA synthesis occurs in what direction/
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from 5' to 3' on both the leading and the lagging strands
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How does the DNA polymerase know which nucleotide triphosphate to add to the growing strands?
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It hydrogen bonds the nucleotide to the parental strand, pairing adenines to thymine and guanines to cytosines.
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what might happen if the cell does not have RNase?
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The newly made chromosome would consist of DNA and RNA molecules.
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