DNA Replication and More Chap 8 – Flashcards
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| What is the process of copying DNA prior to cell replication |
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| DNA Replication |
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| What serves as a template for DNA replication |
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| Each of the original DNA strands |
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| What must occur for an organism to pass genetic information on to its offspring? |
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| The parent must copy its own DNA and provide a copy on to his offspring |
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| What is the function of stabilizing proteins? |
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| To hold the separated strands apart and prevent degradation |
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| The replication for moves... |
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| ahead of the newly synthesized DNA |
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| What is the role of DNA helicase in DNA replication? |
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| To use the energy from ATP to break the hydrogen bonds and b/t the two DNA strands, thereby "Unzipping" the molecule |
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| What is meant by semiconservative replication? |
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| The new copies of DNA contain one original strand and one new strand of DNA |
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| The replication fork is: |
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| The point where the DNA helicase is "unzipping" the double stranded DNA molecule |
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| What is a Base Pair? |
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| They always occur in a certain order: Adenine - Thymine Cytosine - Guanine Uracil - Found in RNA, it base-pairs with adenine and replaces thymine during DNA transcription. |
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| What is a gene? |
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| A segment of DNA that encodes a functional product,usually a protein |
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| What is genomics? |
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| The molecular study of genomes |
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| What is a genotype? |
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| The genes of an organism |
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| What is a phenotype? |
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| Expression of the genes |
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| What is genetics? |
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| The study of how genes: carry info how info is expressed how genes are replicated |
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| What does DNA stand for? |
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| Dioxyribonucleic Acid |
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| What does RNA stand for? |
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| Ribonucleic Acid |
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| What are nucleotides? |
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| The structural units of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) |
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| How many parts does a nucleotide have? What are they? |
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| 3 A nitrogen containing base a pentose (5 carbon sugar) deoxyribose or ribose a phosphate group (phosporic acid |
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| What are nitrogen-containing bases made up of? |
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| Cyclic Compounds Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) and guanine (G) Uracil (U) |
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| What is a DNA polymerase? |
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| an enzyme that catalized the polymerization of deoxynucleotides into DNA |
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| What is DNA? |
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| DNA is a macromolecule composed of repeating units called nucleotides. It is the blueprint for a cell's protein and is obtained from a parent cell and from another cell |
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| What is a genome? |
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| All of the genetic information in a cell |
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| What is a chromosome? |
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| Structure containing DNA that physically carries hereditary. |
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| Which enzyme can synthesize new strands of DNA |
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| DNA polymerase |
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| Why is primase essential for DNA Replication? |
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| It provides a 3' end of the newly synthesized strands, allowing DNA polymerase to begin coping DNA |
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| DNA synthesis occurs in what direction/ |
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| from 5' to 3' on both the leading and the lagging strands |
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| How does the DNA polymerase know which nucleotide triphosphate to add to the growing strands? |
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| It hydrogen bonds the nucleotide to the parental strand, pairing adenines to thymine and guanines to cytosines. |
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| what might happen if the cell does not have RNase? |
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| The newly made chromosome would consist of DNA and RNA molecules. |
