question

People whose ancestors were born in the same region and who usually share the same language and religion are called a(n):

answer

ethnic group

question

Bettie belongs to one cohort; Zahara belongs to another. The only DEFINITE difference between these two women is

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generation

question

A study of African-American 11-year-old males in Georgia (Brody et al., 2009) found that those with the short version of a gene called 5-HTTLPR were:

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the most at risk of engaging in potentially destructive behaviors if they did not receive family training.

question

When biological change is dramatic, such as when a larva becomes a mosquito, it is an example of:

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discontinuity.

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IRB stands for:

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Institutional Review Board.

question

Research data that can be categorized, ranked, or numbered is:

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quantitative

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The people in which group are DEFINITELY members of the same cohort?

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current middle school students

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The final step in the scientific method is to:

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report the results

question

The approach to cognitive development that describes cognition with details instead of stages is called _____ theory

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information processing

question

A good example of a sensitive period is a time when:

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a child learns language easily

question

The causes of depression do NOT include:

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ethnicity

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The realization that genes alone do not determine development and that environmental forces also shape development led to the concept that many human characteristics are:

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epigenetic

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Some social scientists believe that using a term such as _____ exaggerates minor differences between people

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white

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What is the only research method that can establish a cause-and-effect relationship?

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an experiment

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Replication is important in scientific research because it:

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verifies evidence using different participants

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The first step in the scientific method involves:

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posing a question

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According to most developmental psychologists, the greatest influence on human development comes from:

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environment and heredity combined

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When doing research with anyone under the age of 18, which of the following must be obtained?

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the parents informed consent

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An example of the "difference-equals-deficit" is:

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assuming that children who are deaf cannot communicate as well as children who can hear.

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Researchers have an ethical obligation to choose topics of study that:

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are of major importance to society.

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____________ permits science to advance by allowing old findings to be refined, refuted, and replicated.

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replication

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Most developmental psychologists believe that development is the result of:

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both nature and nurture

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The distinctive characteristic of development that says that change does not always occur in a straight line is known as:

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multidirectional

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Which of the following is an example of an exosystem?

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church

question

People whose ancestors were born in the same region and who usually share a language and a religion are called:

answer

an ethnic group

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Marie smokes cigarettes and bites her nails. According to Freud, she is unconsciously stuck in which stage?

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oral

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The behaviorist most associated with operant conditioning is:

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Skinner

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When a new experience conflicts with a person's current understanding, the person tends to experience:

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cognitive disequilibrium.

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In order to establish what causes a behavior, what research method must be used?

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an experiment

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Which of the following research methods is the QUICKEST way of studying how relationships with our peers change with age?

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cross-sectional

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Cross-sequential research is a combination of which two research techniques?

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cross-sectional and longitudinal

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Lorena is collecting data on the frequency of automobile accidents at a particular intersection. The data she is collecting is:

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quantitative

question

What does it mean when a correlation exists between two variables?

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there is a relationship between the two variables

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Which is an example of a participant's rights in a research study?

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to opt out of the study

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Which step of the scientific method involves making a specific prediction?

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developing a hypothesis

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In the science of human development, "nurture" refers to:

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environmental influences

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A group of people born within a few years of one another is called a:

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cohort

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According to the text, parental choice for a child's first name reveals:

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cohort effects

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Freud believed that sexual needs are quiet and psychic energy is put into schoolwork and sports during the:

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latency stage

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In what way do the theories of Freud and Erikson differ?

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Erikson emphasized family and culture, and Freud did not.

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According to Piaget's cognitive theory, intellectual advancement occurs because humans seek a state of mental balance called:

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cognitive equilibrium

question

Which research method's primary data source is information gained from interviews and questionnaires?

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survey

question

A researcher has just completed a study on a serial killer, including his family history, life experiences, and feelings about the crimes he committed. This is an example of a:

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case study

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Which research method involves collecting data repeatedly on the same person as he or she ages?

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longitudinal

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Developmental researchers are required to follow ________ that protect(s) the integrity of research.

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code of ethics

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Unlike Freud, Erikson:

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emphasized family and culture in his stages

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Dr. Kilbey is studying the impact of exosystems on human development. Which of these would she be MOST interested in examining?

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internet influences and health care systems

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If a researcher watches one-week-old babies and records how many times they open and close their eyes while lying in their cribs, he is most likely using:

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scientific observation

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After posing a question, a researcher using the scientific method:

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develops a hypothesis

question

The study of human development is conducted in a scientific manner because:

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scientists want to move from opinion to proof

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Which type of research design is the most complex and beneficial way to study change over time?

answer

cross-sectional

question

Socioeconomic status refers to an individual's:

answer

social class

question

Experiments allow researchers to:

answer

determine a cause and effect relationship

question

One historical example of the "different-equals-deficit error" is:

answer

the pioneers viewing American Indians as savages.

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Social learning theory was first described by:

answer

Bandura

question

A researcher studies the relationship between two variables and determines the likelihood that a change in one variable is related to a change in the other variable. What type of research did this person conduct?

answer

correlational

question

What is one danger in asking people to reveal their race?

answer

stereotyping people unlike ourselves

question

The idea that human development is an ongoing, ever-changing interaction between the body, mind, and every aspect of the environment is known as the:

answer

dynamic systems theory

question

Dr. Kong does a study in which he finds that smoking is correlated to an increased risk of high blood pressure. He publishes his results. Then Dr. Meco does the same study using different participants in another city. Dr. Meco's work is an example of:

answer

replication

question

Jameel has a college degree, lives in a nice neighborhood, and earns more than $50,000 a year. This information defines his:

answer

socioeconomic status

question

What is one of the biggest drawbacks to the survey method?

answer

lack of accuracy

question

According to Piaget, when old ideas are restructured to include new experiences it is called:

answer

accommodation

question

According to Abraham Maslow, all people:

answer

have the same basic needs and drives

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