Developmental Psych Final. Psychosocial development, adolescent egocentrism, late adulthood

theorist who coined the term adolescent egocentrism

Ron thinks he is more unique and admired than other adolescents his age, and is certain that everyone is paying attention to his every action. It appears that he has started to experience adolescent

Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extraordinary than those of other people. This is part of their

Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence

One of the most prominent aspects of formal operational thought is the ability to

The mistaken belief that if money, time, or effort that cannot be recovered has already been invested in some endeavor, more should be invested in an effort to reach the goal is called

Richie just spent $1,000 fixing his car even though the mechanic told him the car will continue to need expensive repairs that may total more than the vehicle is worth. Richie is likely experiencing the

The notion that two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli, is called

Albert et al. (2013) ran a series of experiments in which adults and adolescents, alone or with peers, played a video game. In the game, taking risks could lead to crashes or gaining points. The experiments found that ____, unlike the ____, were much more likely to take risks and crash when they were____.

Many developmentalists find middle schools to be “developmentally regressive,” which means

The common middle-school schedule that involves students changing rooms, teachers, and classmates every 40 minutes

During puberty, adolescents’ thoughts center on_____.

thinking intensely about themselves and about what others think about them is called

The belief that one cannot be harmed by things that would hurt someone else is referred to as

The power of the invincibility fable may be observed in

Jeremy is 7 years old and has been asked to balance a scale with weights that can be hooked to the arms of the scale. Jeremy will probably

Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality defines

Justine is 14 years old. Her parents are frequently annoyed because Justine tends to ask critical questions such as, “Why can’t I have wine with dinner? You do,” or “I don’t understand why I’ll be able to vote when I’m 18, but I have to wait until I’m 21 to buy alcohol!” This demonstrates Justine’s

All Christians believe in the Bible, and Josiah is a Christian; therefore Josiah believes in the Bible. This is an example of

_____ is a term that refers to the ability to begin with specifics, such as accumulated facts, and then make general conclusions?

Psychosocial development during adolescence involves the search for an

Psychosocial development during adolescence is often seen as a quest to answer the question

According to Erikson, adolescents are in the stage of

Mary is an adolescent. According to Erikson, her new identity will be established by choosing

Identity diffusion is typically characterized by

Which adolescent appears to be experiencing identity diffusion?

When a person adopts parents’ or society’s roles and values without questioning and exploring a personal identity, it is referred to as identity

An example of a behavior that demonstrates identity foreclosure is

The term for a pause in identity formation, when alternatives are explored before final choices are made, is known as

During an identity moratorium, adolescents typically

According to Erikson, what is one of the four aspects of identity?

_____ adolescents totally reject the religion in which they’ve grown up

In the United States, parent-child conflict is most common when children are in

Some parent-child bickering during the adolescent years may indicate

Which type of parenting is most effective during adolescence?

Isaac and Derek persuaded Robert to cut school and steal alcohol from a store. Isaac and Derek provided _______ to Robert.

At age 17, Gage aspired to become a serious musician. His group of friends began to change as he grew closer to students with deep musical interests, and he drifted away from other friends who were more engaged in sports. This illustrates peer

Abstinence-only sex-education programs that were federal policy in the United States until 2009 _________ the adolescents’ engagement in sexual activity.

In general, as children experience puberty, their self-esteem

The cultural norm of familism often

When compared with earlier thinking, thinking in adulthood is all of the following EXCEPT

A possible fifth stage of cognitive development that characterizes adult thinking is

On his own time, Ron looked over his course syllabi for the term and realized that, in three weeks, he had three assignments due on one day. Ron decided he would do one assignment per week for the next three weeks so that he would have them all done by their due dates. Ron is demonstrating __________ thinking

As more is understood about brain development after adolescence, it seems that the characteristics of postformal thought are evident as the brain and, in particular, as the _______ matures.

A common logical error of emerging adults is delay discounting, the tendency to

A research study of people aged 13 to 45 found that logical skills improved from _________ to _________ then stayed steady, but social understanding continued to advance.

In one U.S. study, researchers asked adolescents and adults to describe themselves. Without knowing the participants’ ages, coders classified the descriptions as: protective (high in self-involvement, low in self-doubt), dysregulated (fragmented, overwhelmed by emotions or problems), complex (valuing openness and independence above all), and integrated (able to regulate emotions and logic). No one under age 20 was in the ______ stage

Thought that arises from personal experiences and perceptions is

Traditional models of formal operational thinking value ______ thought and devalue _____ thought.

All of the following beliefs reflect cognitive flexibility EXCEPT

Although Dr. Johnson believes that women and men can perform equally well on a math test, Dr. Johnson is exploring if women perform worse on a math test when they are asked to indicate their gender prior to taking the text. Dr. Johnson is exploring the concept of

A proposition or statement of belief is a

Dr. Barnes tells his student Charlotte that she should pursue a career that will make her happy. She responds, “Not all careers that will make me happy will provide me with enough income to live.” Charlotte’s response was a

Herman and Todd, two friends, are discussing logos on T-shirts. Herman says that everyone should be able to wear whatever logos they want on their T-shirts. Todd suggests that some logos may be offensive and thus shouldn’t be worn. If Herman is able to integrate those two ideas, he will have created a

in dialectical thought, a ___ implies a ____ and the integration of these occurs within the _____.

Geraldine is a medical intern who believes that all people deserve access to medical care, but she also knows that throughout her career she will have to make decisions about which patients will receive a scarce, life-saving medication. Reconciling these two thoughts requires

Which college student is most likely to experience shifts in moral reasoning?

During emerging adulthood, religious service attendance becomes _____ frequent and the development of religious convictions become ____ frequent

Which factor is likely to be most influential with respect to Greta’s views on divorce?

Research indicates that the process of moral thinking

Erikson’s fifth stage of development is

Personality traits present at age 18

During emerging adulthood, self-esteem and happiness ______ for most people

Which statement about personality in emerging adulthood is TRUE

With respect to personality, emerging adults typically become _____ self-centered and _____ caring toward others.

According to Erikson, once an emerging adult has established a sense of identity, he or she needs to resolve which crisis?

According to Erikson, the stage of intimacy versus isolation

Intimacy is the desire for

Friends _____ mental health and _____ physical health.

Friendships reach their peak of functional significance during

Dr. Anderson is studying the frequency of cross-sex friendships. Dr. Anderson has found that cross-sex friendships are

When heterosexual couples are romantically committed to each other they tend to have ______ cross-sex friendships.

In a class analysis, Robert Sternberg (1988) described three distinct aspects of love that give rise to seven different forms of love. The aspects include all of the following EXCEPT

An intense physical, cognitive, and emotional experience characterized by excitement, ecstasy, and euphoria is associated with

Knowing someone well, and sharing secrets as well as physical attention in a reciprocal nature, is consistent with which aspect of love?

Dixie just started dating BJ. Dixie feels happy and excited when she thinks about BJ, and knows BJ feels the same about her. That said, she is not sure where the relationship will lead, as they both continue to live independent lives. According to Sternberg, what form of love does Dixie appear to be experiencing?

The Western ideal is ____ love.

An arrangement in which a couple lives together in a committed romantic relationship but are not formally married is referred to as

Research has found that cohabitation prior to marriage

Which age group is most likely to be victims and perpetrators of domestic abuse?

The term g refers to _____ intelligence

Dr. Fine was interested in assessing the “g,” or general intelligence, of college students so he assessed abilities in all of the following areas EXCEPT

A problem with cross-sectional research is that

The Flynn effect refers to

The Flynn effect is MOST likely due to changes in

Dr. Green is studying intellectual development in adulthood. In order to generate the most accurate view of intellectual development, Dr. Green should use a ________ research design.

The research design that involves testing groups of subjects of different ages multiple times and comparing their scores with their own scores in previous periods in addition to the scores of new groups of adults of the same ages is called

Schaie’s cross-sequential research on intellectual development demonstrated that

The basic intelligence that makes learning quick and thorough is referred to as _______ intelligence

Which is the best example of fluid intelligence?

Intelligence that reflects accumulated learning is referred to as

Which example relies MOST heavily on crystallized intelligence?

Paula is a middle-aged doctor who is an expert at laser eye surgery for the correction of myopia (nearsightedness). She graduated from medical school 35 years ago. Daryl is a young doctor who also does the surgery; he graduated from medical school 5 years ago. According to the textbook, who would likely be the better choice for operating on your eyes?

Which statement about age and expertise is TRUE?

The benefits of ______ intelligence in adult life are obvious, as adults need to solve real-world challenges.

Over the long run, ______ intelligence is prized whenever life circumstances change or new challenges arise.

With which coping style do people try to attack a stressor in some way?

In which coping style do people try to change their attitude about a stressor?

Baltes and Baltes found that adults use their intellectual strengths to offset their age-related declining abilities through the process of

Which is the BEST example of an adult using selective optimization with compensation?

The theorist who proposed the idea that individuals continue to develop into adulthood

Although Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development are sequential, the search for identity that begins in the stage of identity versus role confusion

How many stages of development did Abraham Maslow describe?

Which is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

Davetta is very organized and self-disciplined. She conforms easily to standards set for her performance at work. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

People choose a particular lifestyle and social context, or ________ , because it is compatible with their personality traits.

Which of the following has not been associated with adult personality?

An acquaintance who is not a friend but still has an impact on an adult’s life is called a(n)

How has the Internet impacted friendships and relationships with consequential strangers?

A study of 7,578 adults in seven nations found that physical separation between parents and adult children

After nearly 20 years with his company, Mike’s job was outscored. He wants his new job to offer not only a good wage but also job satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. He is focused on the ______ of work.

After a recent divorce, Cheryl is entering the workforce after many years off. As a single parent with three children, she needs a livable wage, good benefits, and a retirement plan. She is focused on the _______ of work

Individuals who are accepted into a family that is not their legal or biological family are called

A long-term committed partnership correlates with health and happiness throughout adulthood and late adulthood. For most people, then, ________ is the crucial aspect of love in a partnership.

After children have grown, MOST couples find that

One of the MOST influential factors in divorce is

According to Erikson, when individuals are productive in an unselfish and caring way, they are demonstrating

The primary form that generativity takes is _____

Emily is her family’s kinkeeper. This means that she assumes responsibility for

According to research, which statement about the “sandwich generation” is TRUE?

As he ages, a professional musician begins to limit his repertoire, to practice more before concerts, and to change the way he sits when he plays. He is

_______ theories claim that social forces limit individual choice and direct life, especially in late adulthood

The theory that is contrary to disengagement theory is _____ theory

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of typical elder volunteers?

Marietta babysits two days a week for her school-age grandchildren, and regularly gives her neighbor, who can no longer drive, a ride to the grocery store and doctor appointments. She also frequently sends small amounts of money to her daughter, who has just returned to college. Which of the following statements about Marietta’s activities is NOT true?

Generally, where do the elderly prefer to live?

Claire and Dennis have lived in the same house for over 40 years. They reared their children there and were actively involved in the neighborhood. As they age, their children want them to move to a nearby small apartment. Like many other older adults, Claire and Dennis

When many adults who moved into a neighborhood decades earlier never leave the area, the result is

Religious faith is associated with improved psychological health in old age because of

In what way are older Americans the LEAST politically active?

Which of the following happens to the brain during senescence?

How does high-SES correlate with brain senescence? High-SES

Which of the following is most affected by brain shrinkage?

The ability to hold info in memory for a moment before evaluating, calculating, and inferring its significance is known as

Edna, age 71, has excellent pronunciation but poor spelling. She frequently forgets the word or phrase she is trying to use, telling others that it is “on the tip of her tongue.” These characteristics may be the result of

Nelma is a healthy 70-year-old who would like to learn to play video games with her grandson. According to research on learning late in life, which of the following is most likely TRUE?

A study of extraordinary creative people found that in their 70s-90s, they

Dorothy started keeping a detailed journal that includes stories of her childhood and early adulthood. She plans to pass her journal down to her grandchildren as a family history and so that they can know her in a more intimate way. Her journal writing is a form of

A challenge faced by researchers who want to see if wisdom increases with age is

The ability to recall a string of digits backward tends to _____ with age, while memory for vocabulary tends to ____ with age.

One function of working memory is

The idea that cognition should be measured in terms of everyday tasks and circumstances is

Storage mechanisms, retrieval strategies, selective attention, and problem solving are all considered

For the average individual in late adulthood, traditional tests of intelligence demonstrate that

Dementia is

According to the most recent DSM (DSM-5), the appropriate term for the pathological loss of brain functioning is

Autopsies show that the brains of Alzheimer victims

Vascular dementia is caused by

One infectious disease that can produce dementia is

______ is a common condition because many elderly people take many different prescription drugs.

Self theories emphasize

Erikson called the final crisis of development

According to Erikson, each new experience throughout life requires

Which of the following responses to weakening leg muscles in an older person is the best response in terms of maintaining self-efficacy?

Which of the following is a sign of a humane setting for long-term care?

Assisted living can be thought of as a combo of

Compared to single older adults, elderly spouses tend to be

Most studies of marriages of long duration find that compared to younger adults, the elderly are

The style of grandparenting that is the most common in the US is the ________ style

The difference between ADLs and IADLs is that