question

One of the most reliable sampling methods is the use of _____, which increases the likelihood that the sample is representative of the population.

answer

Random Selection

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Daniel is doing research that involves gathering detailed descriptions from people about their beliefs, Daniel is doing what kind of research?

answer

Qualitative

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When research deals with objectively measurable data, this is a description of ____

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Quantitative research

question

What are three examples of a self report technique?

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Questionnaire, diary or log, interview

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Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with observational studies: They do not determine cause and effect relationships, The subjects may behave differently when they know they are being observed, It is not possible to gain information regarding relationships between variables, or Laboratory studies may not generalize to real life.

answer

It is not possible to gain information regarding relationships between variables

question

In developing this psychoanalytic theory, Freud studied several individuals in great detail for an extended period of time. This technique is referred to as the _____ approach.

answer

Case Study

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When test results are reasonably consistent from one time to another they are said to be ___

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Reliable

question

Dr. Liefield has studied the relationship between the amount of time children spend playing video games and their athletic performance in school. She finds that as time spent playing video games increases, grades recieved in school decrease. This is an example of ____

answer

Negative Coorelation

question

The subjects who receive the treatment or independent variable in an experimental study are called the ______

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Experimental Group

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A controlled procedure in which the experimenter manipulates variables to learn how one effects the other is a (an)

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Experiment

question

Professor Bingham measures the cognitive skills off 100 30- year olds and compares them with 100 50- year olds. This is an example of what method?

answer

Cross Sectional

question

Dr. Ellie Cheetham follows the same group of children over a 10- year period, measuring their performance twice a year. This is which method of data collection?

answer

Longitudinal

question

Professor Watt studies the behavior of children whose parents divorced 6 months before the children started school and children whose parents divorced 2 years before the children started school. Both groups of children are then followed and measured over the course of several years. This is which kind of design?

answer

Sequential

question

Which of the following is an ethical principle? : Beneficence, justice, respect, or all of these

answer

All

question

A zygote is created when a sperm and an egg combine in the falopian tube to form a single cell. This process is referred to as:

answer

Fertilization

question

How many pairs of chromosomes does the normal human being have?

answer

23

question

The chromosome that do Not determine sex are called:

answer

Autosomes

question

A hereditary characteristic that is carried by an individual but is not expressed in the individuals phenotype is:

answer

Recessive

question

If Laurie has albinism but neither of her parents exhibits this inherited condition, the trait must be _____ and Laurie's genotype for this trait it ____.

answer

Recessive; homozygous

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A person's observable characteristics are his or her:

answer

Phenotype

question

Thomas suffers from a sex- linked blood clotting disorder called hemophelia that is transmitted by a recessive gene. Neither his mother nor his father has ever shown symptoms of this disease. What can we conclude about the genetic make up of Johns parents?

answer

The mother is a carrier for hemophelia, while the father does not have the gene.

question

The most frequently stated cause for down syndrome is:

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An accident in chromosome distribution

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The family with the LEAST need for genetic counseling :

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Has a general concern about birth defects

question

Environmental factors that may produce birth defects are called:

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Teratogens

question

During which stage of prenatal development does the nervous system begin to develop?

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Embryonic stage

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Which of the following do doctors recommend about the use of alcohol during pregnancy?

answer

Alcohol should be avoided entirely throughout the whole pregnancy

question

A persons genotype may INCLUDE the ability for music giftedness. Which of the following experiences will encourage the expression of that musical talent?

answer

Access to musical instruments/ lessons

question

Traits that are affected by many genes are

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Influenced through polygenic inheritance

question

Some infants are born with sex- linked disorders. These disorders are

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Often carried by a female although not apparent in her phenotype.

question

A condition that would increase the likelihood of a negative outcome is a description of what?

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Risk factor

question

The inborn traits or characteristics we inherit from biological parents are our:

answer

Heredity

question

Which of the following statements about hereditary and environmental influences on development is true? A. Internal influences are more important because they occur first, B. External influences are more important because they are active for a longer time, C. Internal and external influences interact and often can not be seperated, D. Internal and external influences are independant and can be readily separated.

answer

C. Internal and External influences interact and often cannot be separated.

question

The world outside the self and the learning that comes from experiences in this world constitute:

answer

Environment

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The unfolding of a natural sequence of physical changes and behavior patterns describes

answer

Maturation

question

A group's total way of life, including customs, traditions, laws, beliefs, values, and language, is referred to as its:

answer

Culture

question

An event that is experienced in a similar way by most people in an age group is called a ____ influence.

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Normative Age Graded

question

A ____ is a group of people born at the same time.

answer

Cohort

question

Events like starting school that occur at about the same age for people all over the world are called:

answer

Normative age graded influences

question

The impact of technological developments such as video games, computers, and the internet are considered

answer

Normative history- graded influences

question

A specific time when a given event, or the absence of that event, has the greatest impact on development is called a (n) ____ period

answer

Critical

question

In the study of human development, a theory is a set of

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Logically related statements seeking to describe, explain, and predict development.

question

In an experiment, one group of children is given a drink each day with a special vitamin supplement. A second group of children is given the same drink but without the vitamin. Later, all children are given an IQ test to see if the vitamin had an effect on intelligence. In this experiment, the children's scores on the IQ test would be the ______

answer

Dependant Variable

question

If Bill's behavior is viewed as passive and reactive, he would be perceives as demonstrating the _____ model of behavior.

answer

Mechanistic

question

According to the American Psychological Association, participants in psychological research have all of the following rights EXCEPT the right to:

answer

Financial Remuneration

question

If troy's behavior is viewed as active and self- determining, he would be perceived as demonstrating the _____ model of behavior

answer

Organismic

question

Tentative explanations or predictions that can be scientifically tested are called:

answer

Hypothesis

question

A therapeutic approach aimed at giving patients insight into their unconscious conflicts is called:

answer

Psychoanalysis

question

Unlike Freuds theory, Erikson's theory psychosocial development:

answer

See society as a positive force

question

Learning theorists are most concerned with:

answer

Measurable, observable behaviors

question

A girl receives an injection and cries. Each time she receives an injection again, the same nurse gives it. Her mother notices that the child now cries when she sees this nurse even if not injection is given. This is an example of:

answer

Classical conditioning

question

______ is the principle that an organism will repeat behaviors when these behaviors are reinforced.

answer

Operant Conditioning

question

The process of modeling, or observing and imitating others, is referred to as:

answer

Observational Learning

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Any consequence of a behavior that increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated is called:

answer

Reinforcement

question

A critical period is a time when:

answer

An organism is most likely to be influenced by a specific event

question

Change and stability in mental abilities such as learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, etc. would constitute which type of development?

answer

Cognitive

question

Which type of development is most involved in the growth of body and brain, sensory capacities, motor skills, and health?

answer

Physical

question

When a child first sucks on a sippy cup the same way the child sucked from a bottle the child is trying to learn to drink from the cup using the process of

answer

Assimilation

question

_______ Refers to the temporary support that parents, teachers, and others give a child in doing a task until the child can do it alone.

answer

Scaffolding

question

Dr. Willard is studying the way in which infant siblings interact with one another in the home. According to the ecological approach, Dr. Willard is studying the children in their

answer

Microsystem

question

The neonatal period is the first ____ of life

answer

4 weeks

question

Approximately two weeks before Elizabeth's due date, her obstetrician told her that the uterine and cervical changes that bring on labor had begun. This process is referred to as:

answer

Parturition

question

The end of the second stage of childbirth is indicated by:

answer

The emergence of the baby from the mother's body.

question

The placenta is expelled from the mother's body during the ____ stage.

answer

Third

question

Tanya's doctor has prepared her for the possibility that her baby has a large head and may have to be dleivered by surgical delivery through an incision in Tanyas abdomen. This method of birth is called a:

answer

Cesarean section

question

An infant who has not begun breathing within 5 minutes after birth may suffer brain damage due to:

answer

Anoxia

question

A few days after birth, a baby develops a yellowish tinge to the skin and eyeballs. These symptoms indicate ____, which is due to immaturity of the _____

answer

Neonatal jaundice, liver

question

An injury sustained at the time of birth is called:

answer

Birth Trauma

question

True or false: Postmature babies tend to have more fat due to to a longer period in the womb.

answer

False

question

Involuntary, automatic, innate responses to stimuli are called _____ behaviors.

answer

Reflex

question

The first stage in Piaget's cognitive theory is:

answer

Sensorimotor

question

The realization that a person or object continues to exist even when out of sight is called:

answer

Object Permanence

question

Implicit memory seems to develop _____ explicit memory

answer

earlier than

question

A communication system based on words and grammar is called

answer

Language

question

Infants first communicate their emotions at ____ by ____

answer

Birth; crying

question

A baby who says "da- da- da- da"is

answer

Babbling

question

Jackie says "milk," meaning "i want some milk." When his mother pours it, he says "milk." meaning "this is milk." After taking a sip, he pushes his cup toward his mother and says "milk," meaning "Do you want my milk?" This is an example of:

answer

Holophrase

question

An example of telegraphic speech is:

answer

"Want cookie"

question

A child who calls a dog a "bow- wow" and also calls a cat a "bow- wow" is:

answer

Overextending

question

Fran says, "Yesterday, I sitted on the floor." This is an example of ______

answer

Overregularizing

question

A person's characteristic way of approaching and reacting to people and situations defines that person's:

answer

Temperament

question

Julie readily leaves her mother to explore her surroundings, occasionally looking toward or touching her mother. Julie appears to be:

answer

Securely Attached

question

Young children's relationships with their siblings are usually:

answer

Characterized by affection and attachment

question

Teresa is beginning to show signs that she is cognitively aware that she is a functioning human being, seperate from the rest of her world. This is referred to as:

answer

Self- Awareness

question

Irritability, irregular rhythms, and intense reactions are characteristic of which kind of temperament?

answer

Difficult

question

Troy's schedules are predictable, he adapts easily, he is pleasant, and he responds well to change. Which kind of temperament does he have?

answer

Easy

question

Wade is quiet, adjusts only gradually to new situations, and has moderately predictable biological cycles. Which kind of temperament does he have?

answer

slow- to- warm- up

question

In the strange situation, a baby is observed in a room with:

answer

the mother and a stranger

question

According to Erikson, the first psychosocial crisis we face is that of:

answer

Basic trust versus basic mistrust

question

According to the text, which form of attachment between a caregiver and baby seems to be the LEAST secure?

answer

disorganize- disoriented

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