question

Studies in diverse Western nations confirm that by age 5 to 6, white children generally evaluate_______

answer

their own racial group favorably and other racial groups less favorably.

question

Which of the following children would be the most likely to hold racial and ethnic prejudices?

answer

Cecily, who has very high self-esteem

question

Which of the following statements about school-age children's friendships is true?

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Trust is the defining feature of friendships in middle childhood.

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Liz is admired by her peers. Yet she enhances her own status by ignoring, excluding, and spreading rumors about other children. Liz is a __________ child.

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popular-antisocial

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Which of the following statements about peer victimization is true?

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Peer onlookers rarely intervene to help victims of bullying.

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At school, Shawn is often involved in physical and relational conflicts with peers and has problems sitting still and paying attention during class time. Which of the following types of peer acceptance likely characterizes Shawn?

answer

rejected-aggressive

question

The defining feature of friendship in middle childhood is_____

answer

trust

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_______ is the only country with a national, school-based prevention program targeting sexual abuse.

answer

New Zealand

question

Research indicates that children in war zones

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experience increased rates of depression and anxiety.

question

School-age children in Western nations mention __________ as the most common source of their fears.

answer

exposure to negative information in the media

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Research on child sexual abuse indicates that

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the abuser is most often a parent or someone the parent knows well.

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According to Erikson, children whose previous experiences have been positive enter middle childhood

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prepared to redirect their energies toward realistic accomplishment

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By the end of middle childhood, most children

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regard gender typing as socially rather than biologically influenced.

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In a longitudinal study, __________ third through seventh graders gained in self-esteem over the following year.

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gender-atypical

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Mr. and Mrs. White let their 11-year-old daughter take charge of her own moment-by-moment decision making. Nonetheless, they exercise general oversight. The Whites engage in

answer

coregulation.

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The overriding factor in positive adjustment following divorce is

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effective parenting.

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__________ children and __________ have the hardest time adjusting to blended-family relationships.

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Older; girls

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When Eva receives a D on her math test she tells herself, "Things could be worse. I'll have three more tests before report cards come out." Eva is using

answer

emotion-centered coping

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When 9-year-old Lataesha's best friend is angry with her, Lataesha decides to call her friend to talk about the issue. Lataesha is engaging in

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problem-centered coping.

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Appreciating mixed emotions helps children realize that

answer

people's expressions may not reflect their true feelings.

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Older school-age children are far less likely than younger children to describe themselves

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in extreme, all-or-none ways.

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Children who develop learned helplessness

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attribute their failures, but not their successes, to ability.

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When __________ children succeed, they conclude that external factors, such as luck, are responsible.

answer

learned-helpless

question

Jie is a Chinese child. According to research on cultural differences in self-concept, which of the following self-descriptions is Jie likely to provide?

answer

"I'm in third grade."

question

When ousted by their current peer group, socially anxious children

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become increasingly peer-avoidant and more isolated

question

As a group, neglected children

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are just as socially skilled as average children

question

Controversial children

answer

display a blend of positive and negative behaviors.

question

Findings that some girls' friendships are full of jealousy and that some boys' friendships often involve physical attacks suggest that

answer

aggressive children's social problems operate even within their close peer ties.

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Why is long-term therapy with both parents and children usually needed in treatment of sexual abuse?

answer

Sexual abuse typically appears in the midst of other serious family problems.

question

Which of the following is the best safeguard against lasting problems for children living in chronic danger?

answer

parental affection and reassurance

question

A __________ relationship exists between stressful life experiences and psychological disturbance in childhood.

answer

weak

question

Attribution retraining

answer

encourages learned-helpless children to believe that they can overcome failure with effort

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Beginning in middle childhood, children's self-descriptions often mention their appearance, abilities, and behavior in relation to those of others. This is because children of this age

answer

make social comparisons.

question

Compared to children with siblings, only children

answer

attain higher levels of education.

question

In mother-custody families,

answer

boys are at greater risk for serious adjustment problems.

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In the United States, children of divorce spend an average of _____ years in a single-parent home.

answer

five

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About __________ of divorced parents marry again.

answer

two-third

question

From third to sixth grade,

answer

boys tend to strengthen their identification with "masculine" traits, whereas girls' identification with "feminine" traits declines.

question

As a typical fourth grader, Isaac's "masculine" personality traits have begun to

answer

strengthen.

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Studies show that children in Western and non-Western societies

answer

reason similarly about moral and social-conventional concerns.

question

As a 9-year-old, Annie's self-conscious emotions of pride and guilt are clearly governed by

answer

personal responsibility.

question

Ten-year-old Anton scored low on the latest homework assignment in one of his classes. If Anton uses emotion-centered coping, how is he likely to handle the poor score?

answer

He will reason that the situation could be worse, since he has opportunities to make back the points

question

Research shows that appreciating mixed emotions can

answer

foster awareness of self-conscious emotions.

question

Research shows that __________ may be the best way to reduce prejudice in children.

answer

long-term contact and collaboration among neighborhood, school, and community groups

question

School-age children are more likely than preschool children to use

answer

internal strategies to manage emotion.

question

Most cases of school phobia

answer

appear around age 11 to 13.

question

Eleven-year-old Maris has recently developed a case of school phobia. Her parents should

answer

firmly insist that Maris return to school, and provide training in how to cope with difficult situations.

question

Which of the following statements about maternal employment is true?

answer

Maternal employment leads fathers to take on greater child-care responsibilities.

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