dermatology Dr. Chan – Flashcards
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to treat itching (insect bites and sting)
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Benadryl​ (diphenhydramine 2%) 3-4 weeks use AE: drowsiness, dry mouth
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relief of itching and irritation (insect bites and sting)
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Itch-X (pramoxide HCl 1%) Lanacane (Benzocaine 20%)
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reduce inflammation and irritation (insect bites and sting)
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Blue star (Camphor) sarna (camphor 0.5%) zinc oxide, calamine, titanium oxide ( minimal AE, recommended for adults, children and infants)
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treat immune-mediated inflammation (insect bites and sting)
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Cortaid (Hydrocortisone HC 1%) Cortizone (HC 0.5%)
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to treat lice
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Rid (pyrethrin 0.33%) Nix (permethrin 1%) -->(lice paralysis)
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minor burns, sunburn, wounds (clean wound)
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saline hydrogen peroxide --> disinfection
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minor burns, sunburn, wounds (prevent infection)
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neosporin (polymyxin B-ointment) --> increase hypersensitivity polysporin (polymyxin- ointment)
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relief pain(insect bites and sting)
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itch-X Gel Lanacane -aerosol
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relieve irritation (insect bites and sting)
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zinc oxide, calamine, titanium, petrolatum, cocoa butter
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minor burns, sunburn, wounds (dressings)
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gauze - draining wounds antimicrobial - contains silver and iodine for infected wound foams-absorb moisture (wet) hydrocolloid- maintain moisture hydrogel - provide moisture (dry) adhensive bandages - superficial wounds
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dressing
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avoid: open wounds or covering with non-occlusive dressings and removal of dressing encourage: moist wound environment
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Photoaging non-prescription OTC products
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alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) AHA= 3.5
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hyperpigmentation
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epithelides - freckles (in childhood) melasma- macular hyperpigmentation (with pregnancy) solar lentigines- age spots
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OTC products for hyperpigmentation
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hydroquinone up to 2% (slow effect 4wks to 2 months) +sunscreen with SPF 15+
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anaphylaxis
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Hives •Excessive swelling intongue or throat • Dizziness • Weakness • Nausea/VomiJng •Difficulty breathing chest tightness • Drop in blood pressure • Abdominal pain •Irregular pounding heartbeat
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Tick bite
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Bull's eye rash and flu-like symptoms--> lyme rocky mountain: spotted rash, fever
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scabies
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burrow-like tract --> refer
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Spider bites
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black widow, brown recluse, hobo --> pain, stiffness, joints pain, fever
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insect bites and stings (exclusion to self-treatment)
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less than 2 yo scabies spider bites 2nd infections: lyme, rocky mountain, malaria, west nile virus hypersensitivity previous reaction
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insect bites and stings non-pharm treatment
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ticks: apply ice pack avoid scratching avoid irritating clothes remove ticks with tweezers stings: remove stinger apply ice use antiseptics
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insect bites and stings preventive measures
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cover skin avoid swamps, woods avoid contact with scabies infected individuals avoid scents, color use insect repellant
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insect repellants OTC
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deep woods - DEET 100% (safe for pregnancy) avoid children < 2months cutter (picardin 15%) Fite Bite - Permethrin 0.5% for clothings
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tylenol APAP
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reduce pain
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reduce inflammation and pain
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Advil (ibuprofen) Aleve (Naproxen) Aspirin caution in renal insufficiency and use with blood thinner
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peduculosis (lice) exclusions to self-treatment
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hypersensitivity less than 2 yo 2nd skin infections infection in eyelids and eyebrows pregnancy active tumors
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non pharm treatment for pediculosis
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wash hairbrush, clothes, bedding avoid direct physical contacts with individuals vaccuum carpets
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sun-induced skin disorders
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drug photosensitivity photodermatoses skin cancer
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drug-induced photosensitivity
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methotrexate furosemide ciprofloxacin levofloxacin tetracylcine trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole
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non-pharm measures for sun-induced skin disorders
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avoid exposure to sun during 10am to 4pm wear protective clothes check UV index
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sun-induced skin disorder exclusions to self-treatment
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less than 6 months xeroderma pigmentosum allergy to sun-protection ingredients
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minor burns, sun burn exclusion to self-treatment
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burn to BSA 2% or more burn n eyes, ears chemical burns electrical burns patients with diabetes and immunocompression
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minor burns, sun burn general treatment
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due to photosensitization? --> stop med and REFER burn in 20 mins? --> cool water + soap --> apply skin protection, and if bluster--> apply hydrocolloid pain? --> anesthetic and systemic analgesic dry area? --> ointment if dry cream if not dry worsen in 24-48 hrs --> REFER 7 days and not healed--> REFER
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exclusions to self-treatment for wounds
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chronic wounds infection diabetes deep wound animal/human bite foreign matter irrigation
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general treatment for wounds
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foreign matter?--> clean with saline and cover with antiseptics infections? --> REFER pain? --> local anesthetic or systemic analgesic then clean with saline and cover with dressing no signs of healing after 7 days? --> REFER
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hyperpigmentation exclusions for self-treatment
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<12 yo large BSA disease-induced or drug-induced hyperpigmentation lesions that are changing in size, shape, and color
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non-pharm measures for hyperpigmentation
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exfoliation wear clothing to protect from the sun
