DEP 2004 UCF FINAL

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question
Which of Sternberg's three forms of intelligence is sometimes called "street smarts"?
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practical
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The measure of health MOST indicative of the quality of one's daily life is:
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vitality.
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Currently in the United States, _____ percent of adults are overweight.
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65
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Implementation is quitting a habit according to plan. When is implementation most successful?
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tackling one habit at a time
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When developmentalists use the term "expert," they usually mean a person who:
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is significantly better than others at performing a certain task.
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Regular exercise helps adults in all these ways EXCEPT:
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negating the impact of tobacco use.
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When students take multiple-choice exams, they are using the form of intelligence that Sternberg calls:
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analytic
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Difficulty in performing normal activities of daily life because of a "physical, mental, or emotional condition" is called:
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disability.
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In which coping style do people try to change their attitude about a stressor?
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emotion-focused
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Which statement about age and expertise is true?
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Expertise can overcome some of the detrimental effects of age but not all.
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Between the ages of 23 and 44, the average worker in the United States has ______ separate employers.
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7
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Susan's grandmother, at age 80, is in Erikson's final stage of adulthood, which is called:
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integrity versus despair.
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The belief that family members should be supportive of one another even if it means sacrificing individual freedom and success is referred to as:
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familism.
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Families with stepchildren, foster children, or adoptive children experience greater challenges in developing secure attachments because:
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some children remain strongly attached to their birth parents.
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A man who changes jobs frequently, moves often, and always seems happier because of such changes is likely to be high in:
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openness.
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In a typical family, the kinkeeper is MOST apt to be:
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a middle-aged mother.
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How does the relationship between siblings typically change from adolescence to adulthood?
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It improves to the point where they are often best friends.
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Adults choose their _____ by selecting neighborhoods, mates, hobbies, and careers at least in part based on their personality traits.
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ecological niche
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Approximately what proportion of divorces terminates an abusive or destructive relationship?
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one-third
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The theorist who first proposed the idea that individuals continue to develop well into adulthood was:
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Erikson.
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_____ is a common condition because many elderly people take many different prescription drugs.
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Polypharmacy
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Researchers believe that Alzheimer disease is _____ genetic.
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partly
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Which of the following attributes is associated with wisdom?
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practical life experience
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Research on parts of the world where many people live well to advanced age indicates that these individuals usually:
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work throughout life.
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What is the fastest-growing age group in the United States?
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80 and up
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Storage mechanisms, retrieval strategies, selective attention, and problem-solving are all considered:
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control processes.
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According to the information-processing approach to cognition, which of the following is another term for the "sensing" stage of cognition?
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input
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Inez, age 76, believes she is independent and has personal autonomy. She is likely to be:
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mentally and physically healthier than people her age who do not share those beliefs.
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A marked decrease in brain processing and memory in some older adults may be attributed to:
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inadequate control processes.
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Elderly drivers have fewer car accidents than young people do because:
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elderly drivers compensate for deficiencies by driving more slowly and avoiding night driving.
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Between 1997 and 2009, the proportion of U.S. elderly with a limitation in activity that interfered with essential functioning:
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decreased.
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The fact that many elderly people take many different medications means that:
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the drugs can interact and produce adverse reactions.
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When Alzheimer disease sets in early and impacts those under age 60, death typically occurs around _____ years after the first signs of the disease appear.
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10 to 15
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Audrey is 85 years old and has begun a life review. Her primary reason for doing this is probably to:
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put her life into perspective.
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n 2012 in the United States, the average life expectancy for was _____ years for men and _____ years for women.
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76; 81
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The notion that DNA regulates the aging process is referred to as the:
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genetic clock.
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Approximately what percentage of people between the ages of 60 and 69 have dementia?
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1
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For the average individual in late adulthood, traditional tests of intelligence demonstrate that:
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cognitive abilities decline.
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All of Paulo and Geneva's children have moved out, started families, and are working on their careers. According to the text, Paulo and Geneva's home is now a(n):
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empty nest.
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Which statement about middle age is true?
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Changes do not necessarily cluster around age 40.
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Research indicates that remarried people:
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have a greater chance of divorce than do people in first marriages.
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Rates of remarriage are highest for those who:
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have the most education.
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Half of cohabitation relationships end:
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within 2 years.
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After nearly 20 years with his company, Mike's job was outsourced. He wants his new job to offer not only a good wage but also job satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. He is focused on the _____ of work.
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intrinsic rewards
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According to research, which statement about the "sandwich generation" is true?
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Many adults do not feel burdened by their responsibilities
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With increasing age, the trait of extroversion tends to:
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decrease slightly.
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Randy moved across the country to advance his career. Though he moved alone, he soon developed a group of coworkers and friends who became like a family to him. They served as his:
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social convoy.
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Monika lives next door to her childhood home and has become the caregiver for her mother, a frail elderly woman with dementia and other physical weaknesses. Which of the following is NOT likely true of this case?
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Monika is most likely the caregiver because she has the training and personality to do the job better than others in the family.
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The fact that Maine, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia follow Florida as the states with highest proportion of residents over age 65 illustrates that:
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most people prefer to age where they have always lived.
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The elderly may not participate in social networking for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
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they are unable to learn new things.
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Which of the following occupations still has a legal mandatory retirement age?
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jet pilot
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Martha has accumulated such large piles of old papers and magazines that she can no longer use her table or desk, and she has held on to so much old furniture and clothing that many rooms in her home cannot be entered. In her attempts to hang on to various material items from her life, Martha developed:
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compulsive hoarding.
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About 5 percent of elders report that they have been victims of:
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elder abuse.
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Which of the following is a sign of a humane setting for long-term care?
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individual choice in activities
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Denmark, which has the highest proportion of happy seniors, mitigates stratification by income by:
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providing free health care and subsidized senior housing.
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Which of the following is NOT a possible reason that elders don't volunteer in higher numbers?
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The elderly usually do not want to give time or money to assist others.
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Older immigrants tend to be:
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lonely and poor, without a U.S. work history or the benefit of extended family life to support them.
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In a study of Hispanic college students, those who most likely to maintain their ethnic identity, deflect stereotype threat, and be good students were those who:
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resisted alienation and assimilation.
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According to research, who is MOST likely to experience the greatest gain in well-being during emerging adulthood?
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Eric, who lives in a dorm
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A possible fifth stage of cognitive development that characterizes adult thinking is:
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postformal thought.
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Which phenomenon has contributed to the worldwide spread of sexually transmitted infections?
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easy international travel
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Emerging adults who were insecurely attached as infants are more likely to _____ than those who were securely attached.
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marry early and divorce
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Statistically, who is MOST apt to feel lonely?
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Iris, a freshman at a residential college
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Joel was a very aggressive 4-year-old boy. During emerging adulthood, he is MOST likely to:
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drop out of school.
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The people MOST apt to become postformal thinkers are those who:
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have friends from diverse backgrounds.
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About _____ percent of females with AIDS contracted it through rape.
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20
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Jackson is experiencing stereotype threat. Research indicates its effects can be reduced by:
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convincing Jackson that his achievement depends on hard work.
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Fluid intelligence includes:
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the speed of processing mathematical information.
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If a person is experiencing several stressors and the person's organ reserve is depleted, the physiological toll of those stressors can:
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speed up the heart.
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What global trend is evident with regards to alcohol?
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Poor countries have more abstainers and abusers.
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When the thought required for an action has become routine, and it appears that most aspects of the task are performed instinctively, the performance of the task is:
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automatic.
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Which statement about fluid intelligence is true?
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It is quick and flexible.
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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) involves taking:
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estrogen and progesterone.
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Which example relies MOST heavily upon crystallized intelligence?
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knowing the chemical symbols for various elements
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What percentage of adults in the United States and England get at least 30 minutes per day of exercise?
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less than 5
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Baltes and Baltes found that adults use their intellectual strengths to offset their age-related declining abilities through the process of:
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selective optimization with compensation.
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The two researchers who concluded that fluid and crystallized intelligence are the most crucial aspects of intelligence were:
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Cattell and Horn.
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Diseases of affluence
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are now more common among the poor.
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Alicia, who is 31, arrived in the United States 6 months ago. She was accompanied by her daughter Maricela, age 8, and her mother, Rosita, age 55. They joined Danilo (Maricela's father) who has lived in the United States for the past 2 years. Statistically, which family member is at greatest risk for obesity?
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Maricela
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In middle adulthood, a person is MOST apt to lose:
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nearly an inch in height.
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Which statement does NOT describe the effect of SES upon a person's life span?
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The impact of SES on life span is decreasing in the U.S.
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For a typical middle-aged adult, intelligence usually increases:
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in the specific areas that reflect his or her interest.
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According to Erikson, the developmental crisis that occurs after intimacy versus isolation is:
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generativity versus stagnation.
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What proportion of all first marriages end in divorce?
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one-third
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People who are not in a person's closest convoy but who still have an effect on the person's life by providing information, support, or new ideas are known as:
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consequential strangers.
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Which is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?
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selflessness
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At least initially, remarriage brings which conditions?
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better health
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Jeremy was reared in several foster homes and never knew his parents. When he started working with Kent, he became close to Kent's family to the point where they fondly referred to him as "our newfound son." The family has "adopted" Jeremy as:
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fictive kin.
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Common ways to be generative include caregiving, employment that allows for personal growth, and:
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creativity.
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Which statement about employees that work overtime is true?
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Workers who are required to work overtime feel less job satisfaction.
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What disadvantage do stepparents face that adoptive parents do not?
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The children may be strongly connected to their biological parents.
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The fact that many older people begin to demonstrate an interest in painting, music, or woodworking supports the idea that older people:
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develop an appreciation for the aesthetic.
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Control processes depend on the _____, which shrinks with age.
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prefrontal cortex
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The very ends of chromosomes in cells, which may be correlated with longevity, are known as:
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telomeres.
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After seeing a specialist, Jack started taking a medicine for his heart that led to digestive problems. He saw a different doctor for that issue and was prescribed another drug, which led to headaches. Yet another doctor prescribed another drug for his headaches. Jack has just experienced:
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a prescribing cascade.
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Edna, age 71, has excellent pronunciation but poor spelling. She frequently forgets the word or phrase she is trying to use, telling others that it is "on the tip of her tongue." These characteristics may be the result of:
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inadequate control processes
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_____ can disrupt the flow of oxygen to the brain, thereby worsening the symptoms of dementia.
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Diabetes
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In 2012 in the United States, the average life expectancy for was _____ years for men and _____ years for women.
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76; 81
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Lionel has two biomarkers that are well outside the normal range. He has had a life filled with financial and familial stress, and has not always handled it well, though he has never smoked. As he ages, we can expect that:
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Lionel's lifelong responses to stress will create a biological burden.
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The notion that DNA regulates the aging process is referred to as the
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genetic clock.
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Life satisfaction for the elderly correlates with:
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companionship
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Jonah and Abigail have been married for 50 years. Jonah is healthy and active, and through his life's work as the owner of a business -- work he deeply loved -- he saved well for retirement. Based on this, which of the following is most likely TRUE?
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Abigail has a high level of well being because her partner has a high level of well being.
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Marge was asked to select a cherished object from her life. She chose a small tarnished picture frame with a photo of her with her mother, taken when she was a girl. Her selection demonstrates her attempt to:
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hold on to her identity.
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Which of the following statements about older people and religion is TRUE?
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Religious institutions provide a valuable social network to the aging.
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Most studies of marriages of long duration find that compared to younger adults, the elderly are:
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happier in their marriages.
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With regard to elections and public policy debates, the elderly tend:
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to identify with a political party.
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Multi-generational families appear to be most beneficial for:
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people from each generation.
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The increased allostatic load that African Americans experience as a result of years of stress related to discrimination is referred to as:
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weathering.
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Which theory focuses on the gender divisions promoted by society?
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feminist
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Today, most never-married older adults are:
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about as happy as people in long-term marriages.
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Compared to single older adults, elderly partners tend to be
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happier and wealthier.
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Mrs. Smith lives in the same house as her grandchildren and cares for them every day. Her grandparenting is:
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involved.
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With regard to elections and public policy debates, the elderly tend:
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to identify with a political party.
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Assisted living can be thought of as a combination of:
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nursing home care and independent living.
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About one in every ____ long-term marriages is not satisfying to at least one person in the couple.
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6
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Ed and Janet have been married for 60 years. When asked to share their secret to a long marriage, Ed replied:
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"We have learned how to disagree."
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Self theories emphasize:
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perceptions of self.
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About one-third of older people will be frail for _____ before they die.
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at least a year
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As Tom helped himself to a fourth beer, he announced to everyone at the barbecue that alcohol is healthy in moderation. How does the text define "moderation"?
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two drinks per day
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Which statement about hormone replacement therapy is true?
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Some findings may have been affected by SES.
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Intelligence that reflects information processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory along with the ability to flexibly apply knowledge to solve new problems is called
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fluid intelligence
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Studies of stereotyping across the lifespan suggest that those who have achieved post-formal thinking
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can use controlled processing to inhibit stereotypes
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Young adults are most at risk for
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death by unintentional injury
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Which of the following types of intelligence declines as we age?
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Fluid intelligence
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Intelligence that represents the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in familiar situations is called
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crystallized intelligence
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The coping mechanism associated with controlling the feelings associated with stressors.
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Emotion focused
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The key change associated with menopause is
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cessation of menstruation
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Which of the following are changes associated with the male climacteric?
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Reduced sperm cell count
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IQ tends to decline as we age.
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false
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The male climacteric represents the end of sexual behavior for men
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false
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The theorized extension to Piaget's theory that includes the acquisition of wisdom and "life expertise" is called
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postformal thought
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Who proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence that states that intelligence is comprised of componential, experiential, and contextual types?
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Sternberg
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Couples who cohabit due to convenience are:
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less likely to have a happy marriage.
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Common ways to be generative include caregiving, employment that allows for personal growth, and:
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creativity.
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According to a 2010 study, what percentage of the U.S. labor force is female?
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47
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Youngs adults create a self-concept based on a narrative of their life so far called the
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life-story model
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Obtaining enjoyment and pleasure from the activities that comprise one's career is a form of ____________ reward.
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intrinsic
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In the context of one's career, the sense that one's individual contributions are meaningless and that one is just a small cog in a much larger machine is known as
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alienation
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Which of the following is not one of the primary categories of leisure activities?
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All of these are categories of leisure
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The life-span construct involves creating
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scenarios about how to achieve life goals possible identities that one would like to become a narrative of one's life based on autobiographical information
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Which of the following is not a significant reason that people work, at least as discussed in class?
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to find a mate
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Young adults tend to make plans for the kind of person they would like to become in the future.
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true
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Plans for the future, including timetables for the achievement of specific goals are called
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scenarios
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As women have become more likely to have careers, there has been a strong tendency to perform fewer household chores as men have performed more household chores.
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True
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Joey is 27 years old and is single. He is beginning to feel lonely and has a strong desire to have an intimate relationship with another person. Which of Erikson's crises is he facing?
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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Which of the following is not a problem encountered in dual career households, at least as discussed in class?
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Juvenile deliquency
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Which of the following is a positive effect of engaging in leisure activities?
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Reduces stress Generates optimism Reduces mortality risk
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The changes of primary aging are:
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universal.
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One function of working memory is:
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temporary storage of information for conscious use.
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The first stage of Alzheimer disease is characterized by:
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absentmindedness about recent events.
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Changes in physical and perceptual ability that are caused directly by the aging process are called
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Primary aging effects
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The idea that exercise (both physical and intellectual) can slow down aging effects is associated with the theory that aging effects are caused by
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inactivity
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The wear-and-tear theory of aging is weakened by the fact that:
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inactive people often show the most signs of aging
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Which of the following cognitive changes can be associated with increased crash risk while driving in older adults?
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Decline in controlled processing skills Increased reaction time Decrease in spatial orientation
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Jack is an 85-year-old who, over the last 10 years, has experienced difficulties with remembering directions to locations, reading maps, and remembering wear he puts his vitamins. These difficulties suggest that Jack has experienced difficulties in which primary cognitive skill:
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Spatial Orientation
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The term "senescence" is another name for
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primary aging.
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Which of the following does NOT occur when senescence begins
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collagen increases
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Which of the following is not one of the 5 primary mental abilities that decline as we age?
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Muscular strength
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Training and practice can remediate declines in all of the skills listed below EXCEPT
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Visual ability
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The natural physical decline brought about by aging is called
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senescence
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Environmental toxins can accelerate the aging process
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true
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Which of the following is evidence that older adults have difficulty using sensory feedback to guide reaching to pick up items?
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Slower movements More sub-movements Irregularities in the velocity profile of the reach
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_____ provides social status, financial security, and independence for older adults.
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Paid employment
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Which of the following activities is one of the ADLs?
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bathing
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According to Erikson, the elderly person who strongly fears death is likely to
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have felt there were things s/he could have done differently in life
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Which of the following phenomena can decrease self-esteem in the elderly?
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identity accommodation loss of ability ageism
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Continuity theory suggests that stress and anxiety may result from the use of familiar strategies that do not work as well in late adulthood as they did when we were younger.
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true
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Jeff is 73 years old. Lately he's been thinking about the things he's done in his life ... his relationships, his accomplishments, and other experiences he's had. Which term best describes what Jeff is doing?
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life review
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Which of the following processes are associated in maintaining high self-esteem later in life:
answer
Genetics Not changing one's self-concept
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Ron is a retired college professor. His arthritis is getting worse, but he wants to remain active and use the skills he has developed. Which of the following would Ron do if his actions were consistent with the model of selective optimization with compensation?
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Focus on continuing one aspects of his former job, such as teaching, at a reduced rate and discontinue the rest.
question
Kate Austin is a grandmother of six who has realizes she has spent the last 20 years of her life advocating for issues of importance to her. She feels content that her philanthropy and life have left the world in a better place. Kate has successfully navigated which of Erikson's stages of crisis
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Integrity vs. Despair
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Post-Formal Operational Thought is characterized by
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A recognition that "correct" answers vary by context and an increase in tolerance for ambiguity
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The incidence of depression increases for older adults.
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false
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Which of the following is typically considered a major life change
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Divorce Retirement Health problems
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In Erikson's theory, a life review that leads to a positive outcome will result in a sense of
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integrity
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The narrowing of one's social world due to the death of friends and family is called
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disengagement
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Which statement about emerging adults is true around the world?
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They have more years of education and marry later than their parents did.
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Patricia and Raul live together as a romantic couple, but they are not married. Their living arrangement is called:
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cohabitation.
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Dimitri, age 26, is studying to take the CPA exam in order to become a certified public accountant. According to John Holland's six categories of people, Dimitri is MOST likely in the _____ category.
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conventional
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Raul's family maintains a strong ethnic identity. To increase his chances of doing well in college he should:
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resist both assimilation and alienation.
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A shift from "problem solving" to "problem finding" reflects the development of:
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postformal thought.
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Janel is a 19-year-old who has developed a fear of interacting with people, particularly in crowded or unfamiliar settings. She has been diagnosed with:
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social phobia.
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The term massification means that:
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college could benefit everyone.
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For most Western emerging adults, what is considered the primary prerequisite for marriage?
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love
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In which nation do most unmarried young adults live in their childhood home, regardless of economic circumstances?
answer
Italy
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About one-fourth of emerging adults believe that living together before marriage is bad for society, but over half of _____ do.
answer
older adults
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In the stereotype-threat study in which college students were taught about intelligence research, which group showed the most improvement in attitudes about academic achievement and grades?
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African American students who were taught that intelligence is plastic.
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Which continues to improve in MOST people beyond the age of emerging adulthood whether or not they go to college?
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social understanding
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The onset of _____ peaks around age 21, with men more likely to develop the disorder than women.
answer
schizophrenia
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Janel is a 19-year-old who has developed a fear of interacting with people, particularly in crowded or unfamiliar settings. She has been diagnosed with
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social phobia.
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On average, well-being increases in emerging adulthood, as does the incidence of:
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psychological disorders.
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About _____ percent of all new cases of STIs worldwide occur in people under the age of 26.
answer
50
question
All members of a family have _____, as the experiences and needs of individuals at one stage of life are affected by all those at other stages.
answer
linked lives
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