question

Philtrum

answer

Infranasal indention or groove on upper lip

question

Vermillion Border

answer

Junction between skin aspect of the lip and vermillion zone (borders of lips)

question

Vermillion Zone

answer

Red margin of the upper and lower lip that commences at the exterior edge of the intraoral labial mucosa and extends outward, terminating at the extraoral labial cutaneous junction (lips)

question

Labial Commissure (of the mouth)

answer

Junction of upper and lower lips lateral to the angle of the mouth (corners of the mouth)

question

Frenum

answer

Fold of mucous membrane passing from a more fixed to a moveable part (lower and upper lip connector to gums)

question

Mucobuccal Fold

answer

Line of flexure of mucous membrane as it passes from mandible or maxilla to cheek (crevice of attached and loose tissues; aka mucogingival junction)

question

Mucogingival Junction

answer

Where tissues of gingival and oral mucosa join (aka mucobuccal fold)

question

Buccal mucosa

answer

Tissue covering inside of cheeks

question

Leukoedema

answer

Appears as a filmy, opaque, white to slate gray discoloration of mucosa, primarily buccal mucosa. Seen in 90% of African Americans. It is a variation of normal and is due to intracellular edema and retention of superficial parakeratin that gives the mucosa the white appearance.

question

Linea Alba

answer

White line in the buccal mucosa that extends along the occlusal plane; frictional keratosis arising from the contant sucking, pressure and irritation of teeth against the buccal mucosa along the plane of occlusion.

question

Fordyce Granules

answer

Appear as flat or elevated yellow plaques or grains just beneath the muosal surface. They are ectopic sebaceous glands and no treatment is required.

question

Parotid papilla

answer

Flap of tissue in buccal mucosa where duct of parotid opens into vestibule.

question

Stenson's Duct

answer

The parotid gland duct, bilaterally by the 1st and 2nd molar of maxilla (check for inflammation; could be reason for dry mouth or stones)

question

Pterygomandibular Raphe

answer

A tendonous band between the pterygoid hamulus superiorly and the mandible inferiorly. It is the point of attachment for the buccinators and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles. The fold of tissue over this raphe is visible in the mouth posterior to the most distal mandibular tooth and spans between the mandible and point at which the hard and soft palates meet.

question

Melanin pigmentation

answer

Coloration due to melann within soft tissue; may be normal (related to skin tone) or connected to disease/disorder (Addison disease).

question

Incisive papilla

answer

Slight elevation of mucosa at anterior end of raphe of palate (slightly behind the interproximal region of central incisors of maxilla)

question

Palantine rugae

answer

Ridges of tissue situated in the anterior part of the palatal mucosa extending laterally on each side of the median palatine raphe and behind the incisive papilla

question

Palatine raphe

answer

Low elevation in center of hard palate that extends from incisive papilla posteriorly over entire length of mucosa of hard palate. The median palatine suture line is covered by it (smaller/lower than rugae)

question

Palatine fovea

answer

Two small depressions in the posterior aspect of the palate, one on each side of the midline at/or near the attachement of hard and soft palate ("snake eyes")

question

Vibrating line

answer

Imaginary line across posterior of palate, marking the division between movable and immovable tissues.

question

Circumvallate papillae

answer

Appear as large, circular, flat elevations that are distributed in the "V" region of the posterior tongue and contain taste buds mostly in the lateral surface. They have large connective tissure cores and are surrounded by a deep moat or trench (big and round, in v-shape arrangement)

question

Foramen cecum

answer

Median pit on dorsum (top) of posterior part of tongue from which limbs of a V-shaped furrow run forward and outward; the site of origin of thyroglossal duct and subsequently, thryoid gland

question

Filiform papillae

answer

Elongated conic keratinized projections on dorsum (top) of the tongue (white in color)

question

Fungiform papillae

answer

Numerous tiny elevations on dorsum (top) of tongue; shape resembles a mushroom and many contain taste buds (red in color)

question

Folliate papillae

answer

Appears as an area of vertical folds and grooves located on the extreme posterior-lateral surface of the tongue, contain taste buds

question

Lymphoid aggregates

answer

Appear as small, slightly elevated nodules that may be normal colored or more red than the surrounding mucosa. They may be found on any mucosal surface. On the tongue, they have been referred to as "lingual tonsils"

question

Plica fimbriata

answer

Lacy fold of tissue running outward from the frenulum on the ventral surface of the tongue

question

Phlebactasis linguae

answer

Sublingual veins (bilateral)

question

Varix

answer

Appear as red, blue, or deep purple broad based elevations in the oral mucosa. Its a distended vein that has bulged enough to elevate the overlying tissue and no treatment is usually needed (common sites: buccal mucosa, lip mucosa, and the ventral and lateral mucosa of the tongue)

question

Ankyloglossia ("tongue tied")

answer

A partial or complete fusion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth; abnormal shortness of the frenulum linguae

question

Torus palatinus (plural-tori)

answer

Bony exostosis ("extra bone") in the midline of the hard palate. Some studies suggest they are inherited.

question

Torus mandibularis (plural- tori)

answer

Bony exostosis ("extra bone") on the lingual aspect of the mandible

question

Exostoses

answer

Bony overgrowth (ridges on outside facial/buccal gingiva)

question

Aphthous stomatitis

answer

Appear as painful ulcers with a red periphery and a yellow fibrin center. Primarily seen on freely movable mucosa that does not cover bone (aka canker sore or aphthous ulcer)

question

Herpes labialis

answer

Herpetic infection of the lip (aka cold sore or fever blister, no work done on these patients until clearing)

question

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

answer

Generalized herpetic infections of the mouth. Most commonly seen in children and often presents as multiple small ulcers throughout the mouth (body's overreaction of 1st contact with herpes virus, takes about 21 days to clear)

question

Denture sore mouth

answer

Appears as crimson tissue over which a denture is worn, accute inflammation

question

Papillary hyperplasia

answer

Appears as "cobble stones" on tissue over which a denture is worn, tissue is hyperplastic and fibrotic (due to improperly fitted denture, chapped tissues)

question

Epulis fissuratum

answer

Appears as two or more folds of soft tissue seperated by a central groove into which fits the denture border. The lesion must be excised and the denture border reduced (denture improperly fits)

question

Irritation fibroma

answer

Appears as a dome-shaped soft tissue mass frequently found along the line of occlusion (trauma). Contain fibrous, hyperplastic tissue and lesions are often excised.

question

Mucocele

answer

Appears as a collection of saliva in the substance of the oral mucosa. They may be supplied by salivary glands and "get larger and then smaller".

question

Papilloma

answer

Appear as pedunculated or sessile, white or normal colored cauliflower-like projections that arise from the mucosal surface; warts. Treatment is complete excision and recurrence is rare

question

Pyogenic granuloma

answer

Appears as a red, nodular overgrowth of granulation tissue. The most common site is the interdental papilla of the maxillary facial gingiva. They are very vascular and bleed easily; commonly associated with pregnancy (aka pregnancy tumors)

question

Parulis

answer

Fistulous track opens into the oral cavity. The pulp tissue decays generally due to deep carious lesions. The build up of pressure and exudate in the pulp chamber from the break down of the pulpal tissues blows the by-products out the apex of the tooth (aka fistula)

question

Traumatic ulcer

answer

Appears as a localized area of mucosa in which the surface epithelium has been destroyed. It can be from physical, chemical or trauma and often painful but short in duration (biting cheek or spicy foods)

question

Nicotine stomatitis

answer

The classic form appears in the palate of smokers (particularly pipe smokers). The palate is white and criss-crossed by fissures with small red elevations- thought to be inflamed orifices of minor salivary gland ducts

question

Gingival hyperplasia (medication induced)

answer

Overgrowth of very fibrous givgival tissue. the excessive tissue must be excised (seizure medications are #1 cause, sometimes seen with blood pressure medications too)

question

Benign migratory glossitis (geographic tongue)

answer

Appears as "map-like" areas, that are smooth and red with a whitish-yellow rim at the perimeter. the lesions appear to migrate or move from one area to another

question

Fissured tongue

answer

Appears as burrowed with deep grooves or folds (due to meds or dry mouth)

question

Lichen planus

answer

Appears as lacy-white lines on the mucosa. The cause is unknown although a hypersensitiviy reaction is suspected.

question

Angular cheilosis (cheilitis)

answer

Appears as fissuring and maceration at the commissures (corners) of the mouth. May be due to a vitamin B12 deficiency, but its most commonly the result of overclosure (loss of vertical dimension) creating a warm , moist area for fungus (candida- yeast)

question

Candidiasis ("thrush")

answer

Fungal infection in which the mucosa has a speckled white appearance that is due to uneven distribution of necrotizing mucosa. the white material (necrotizing mucosa) can be wiped off, often leaving a red, irritated surface underneath. Two main forms are pseudomembranous (white) and erythematous (red).

question

Pericoronitis

answer

Appears as inflammation of tissue arround crown of a partially erupted tooth. Mandibular molars are the usual site

question

Amalgam tattoo

answer

Appears as a localized area of blue gray pigmentation. the amalgam causes no tissue damage, but the discoloration is permanent.

question

Hairy tongue

answer

The dorsal surface of the tongue appears hairy and is discolored. The hairy texture is imparted by excessive keratinization of the filiform papillae and the keratin takes on the color of the extrinsic stains.

question

Leukoplakia

answer

Term that implies a white lesion of the mucous membrane. it carries no histologic connotation and a biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis

question

Erythroplakia

answer

A red but not ulcerated area on mucous membrane. Must be biopsied because of high percentage of carcinogenic

question

Erythroleukoplakia

answer

Red and white striated lesions. Non-ulcerative

question

Squamous cell carcinoma

answer

Excess of 90% of all oral cancers are of the squamous cell type. Oropharynx, lateral border of the tongue, and the floor of the mouth are high risk areas.

question

Snuff keratosis

answer

The lesion develops on the mucosa adjacent to where smokeless tobacco is held. The appearance is white, wrinkled or corrugated thickened mucosa with intervening areas of erythema. Must be biopsied to rule out cancer.

question

Kaposi's sarcoma

answer

Most common malignancy of HIV. 1 in 5 of these tumors are in the oral cavity. As the tumor grows, it appears as a hemorrhagic mass and radiation is the preferred method of treatment.

question

Hairy leukoplakia

answer

First identified in HIV patients, it has been encountered with other immune deficiency states such as organ transplants. The lateral border of the tongue is the most common location and the lesions are rough in texture. The Epstein-Barr virus is suspected etiologic agent.

question

HIV gingivitis (HIV-G)

answer

Gingivitis that often presents in a linear fashion along the gingival margin. May be generalized or localized

question

HIV periodontitis (HIV-P)

answer

The microorganisms found in HIV perio are the same in non-HIV perio patients but are in greater numbers, often rapidly progressive and destructive. Controlled through prophylaxis, debridement and metronidazole.

question

Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)/Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis (NUP)

answer

Ulceration and necrosis of the gingiva. "Punched out" papillae. NUG= gingivitis and NUP= bone loss

Dental Hygiene Theory – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards