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Dementia

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a debilitating condition causes deterioration of intellect, personality, and communication

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Dementia

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it's a global impairment that affect abstract thinking, judgement, and personality changes.

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Dementia

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5-8 % of people over 65 have it.

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Dementia

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The prevalence has increased because awareness and/or longevity.

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(DAT) Dementia of the Alzheimer's

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most common type of dementia accounts for 25% of all dementias diagnosis.

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(MID) Multi- infart Dementia

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second most common dementia and accounts for 17% of dementia cases.

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(DAT) and (MID)

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they coexist in 15% of dementia case like in Huntington's Disease, and Parkinson's disease.

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Reversible and Irreversible

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the two types of dementia

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Reversible

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can be cured partially or completely

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Irreversible

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caused by an incurable condition (e.g., Alzheimer's)

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Reversible dementia's

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caused by hearing and speech disorders, vitamin deficiencies, cognitive changes related to chemotherapy, epilepsy, infections

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Irreversible

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(DAT), Pick's Disease, (MID) , AIDS related dementia, Parkinson's, Huntington disease, Korsakoff's disease

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Cortical dementias

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affect the gray matter

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Subcortical Dementia

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affects the deep structures. Those are the area's underneath the gray matter.

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signs of alzheimer's

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asking the same questions over and over again, forgetting how to cook things that they used to cook with ease, loosing ones ability to pay bills, getting lost in familiar surroundings, neglecting bathing, wearing the same clothing.

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Early onset AD

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usually diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 60.

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Apolipprotein E

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only risk factor gene for AD. Only 15% of people have the form that increase risk of AD.

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Cortical Degenration

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the ventricles dilate sparing primary sensory and motor areas. Ventricle get bigger with the loss of neurons and the cortical matter dies.

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Cortical Degeneration

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leads to progressive dementia. (amnesia, aphasia, apraxia and agnoosia (Loss of smell) ) gyry get's smaller and sulci gets bigger.

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Cortical Atrophy

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Neuronal loss of the primary cortices to association cortices.

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DAT

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is associated with loss of neurotransmitters which may account for account for cognitive impairment.

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Alzheimers neuritic senile plaques

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is a feature of AD and is not seen in other neurodegenerative disorders. It's an accumulation of beta/A4-amyloid. (a*k*a) beta amyloid, neuritic plaques, senile plaques.

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Alzheimers neuritic plaques

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They are usually found thought the cerebral cortex and are present throughout the entire thickness of the cortical layers.

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Deterioration in Alzheimers

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driven by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

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Neurofibrillary tangles

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in AD, these fibers twist and tangle causing the neuron to lose its shape and also become unable to transport nutrients within the neurons. The tangles remain in the brain after dead neurons has been cleared away.

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neurofibrillary tangles

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In AD these are usually found in the cerebral cortex and in the temporal lobe strutters. They are composed mainly of tau protein. Tua protein can also be found in other neurologic disorders.

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Neurofibrillary tangles

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are seen in substantial nigra (Parkinsonism),cerebral cortex (Dementia pugilistic, punch drunk syndrome), and the brain stem and thalamus (progressive supranuclear palsy)

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DAT

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reading, writing, comprehension . these are the types of language disorders that are present in_________.

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Frontotemporal Dementia

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it's an umbrella term for uncommon disorders that affect the frontal and temporal lobes brain. These are the area that are associated with personality, behavior, and language.

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Frontotemporal dementia

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in this dementia, the frontal and temporal lobes shrink or atrophy. people tend to become socially inappropriate, impulsive, emotionally indifferent, while other loose the ability to use and understand language.

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Frontotemporal dementia

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this dementia is often mistaken as a psychiatric problem or Alzheimer's disease. it's tend to occur between the ages of 40-70 years old.

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Frontotemporal dementia

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several different types genes have been linked to this type of dementia although half of them have no family history of dementia.

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Frontotemporal dementia

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in some of these types of dementia, they have Pick's bodies( abnormal protein) filled structures that develop within the brain cells.

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Pick's disease

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degenerative brain illness that causes dementia. It's marked by Pick bodies.

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Pick Bodies

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Rounded, microscopic structures found within affected cells.

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Pick's Bodies

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in this disease the neurons swell, taking a "ballooned" appearance. Neither of these changes appear in Alzheimer's disease and the (plaques and tangles) that are found in Alzheimer's are not found in this this disease.

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Pick's disease

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in this disease these personality changes are noted: extrovert, withdrawn, inappropriate remarks in public, rude of impatient, aggressive , obsessive or compulsory. and these speech problem: reduction of quality of speech, total loss of speech, trouble understanding speech or writing

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Pick's disease

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the first symptoms of this disease or personality changes. (apathy, disregard for social decorum and for the feelings of other.)

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Pick's disease

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in this disease patients may exhibit poor social judgement, inappropriate sexual advances, but patients may not be highly forgetful.

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Pick's disease

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in this disease patients perform well when directed but cannot when doing it independently. they also the ability to initiate, organize, and follow though w/ plans and activities.

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Primary progressive aphasia

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it has been noted that patients with Pick's disease can have this slowly progressive language disorder either before the disease presents it's self or after.

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Pick's disease

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in this disease, these patients may become hypersexual, very quiet, and end up in a vegetative state. The disease usually presents it's self after 40 and before 60.

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Lewy body dementia

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this disease is the second most common progressive dementia and it causes a progressive decline in mental abilities. It may cause visual hallucinations.

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Lewy body dementia

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is abnormal rounded structures developed in regions of the brain involved in thinking and movement.

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Lewy Body dementia

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this disease affect males more than females between the ages of 50-80 and last about 6 years. It's may related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

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Lewy Body Dementia

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with this dementia have plaques and tangles associated with alzheimer's disease. and in some cases it may coexist with Alzheimer's.

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Lewy Body Dementia

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the neuropathology characteristics of this disease are Bodies, Neurites, spongiform encephalopathy.

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Lewy Bodies

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these are rounded neuronal inclusions.

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Lewy neurites

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these are diffuse and filamentous inclusions.

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DLB

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the central features of this disease is a progressive decline of sufficient magnitude to interfere with normal social or occupational function. they also have problems with visual perceptual difficulties.

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huntington disease

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is a chronic, inherited degenerative brain disease caused by deficiency of GABA and Ach in the basal ganglia.

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huntington disease

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this disease is characterized by mood swings, unsteady gate, slurred speech, rigidity, intoxicated appearance, involuntary movements.

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Huntington disease

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symptoms for this disease appear between 30- 50. they usually have concentration and learning new info difficulties, anomia (word finding issues), and problems with language organization.

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Huntington Disease

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in the latter stages of this disease, they have difficulty with syntactic complexity, melodic line, phrase length, grammatical form.

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Parkinson disease

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this disease is caused by deficiency of the neurochemical inhibit substance dopamine released in the basal ganglia. it appears more commonly in Whites then in blacks.

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PD

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there are 2 types of this disease. primary motor disorder involving only subcortical structures without dementia: the other is a motor dysfunction involving both subcortical changes with dementia.

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PD

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patients with this disease show related degeneration of the substantial nigra and related structures. Cognitive dopamine or nondopaminergic.

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progressive supranuclear Palsy

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is a rare disorder characterized by bradykinesia and rigidity , severe gate. it's motor symptoms include postural instability, frequent falls, difficulty swallowing and speaking, and slowed movements.

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progressive supranuclear palsy

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is a rapidly progressing degenerative disease that is characterized by downward gaze. symptoms seen later in the disease are sleep disturbances, abstract reasoning, and forgetfulness. It's more common in men then women and symptoms present between 50 and 60.

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HIVD

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this occurs in 20-30% of patient with AIDS. the deficits are in the frontal lobe tasks and nonverbal memory. they may have slowed limb and eye movement. Age is a risk factor for survival from HIV infections. They may present apathy, mutism, psychomotor slowing.

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Multi infarct dementia

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is a common cause of dementia in the elderly. It occurs when blood clots block small blood vessels and destroy brain tissue. High blood pressure are a risk factor.

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CADASIL

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is an inherited form of MID. it can cause stroke, dementia, migraine like headaches, and psychiatric disturbances.

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MID

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in this disease, you can see the following symptoms: loss of bladder control, laughing or crying inappropriately, difficulty following instruction. it presents it's self between 60-75 and affect men more often.

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Lacunar state

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large number of lacunar infarction in the small deep captivities of the basal ganglia, thalamus, brain, and deep cerebral white matter.

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CJD

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it is a degenerative fatal brain disorder with 3 major areas: sporadic, hereditary, acquired CJD. it can be transmitted to other people but the chances are very small. life span is 1 year with this disease.

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CJD

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diffuse glial proliferation, status spongiosus. the first stage neurological decline emerges, neurological disturbances become overt and aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia appear. the final stage the patient is vegetative.

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Korsakoff's disease

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comes from dietary deficiency of thiamin( vitamin B which is used to covert carbohydrates into energy.) that deficiency causes damage to the area of the brain that is critical for memory. It affects women more than men.

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Korsakoff's disease

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this disease is either nonprogressive or slowly progressive. it is characterized by Confabulations and can be caused by server malnutrition. A*K*A alcohol amnestic syndrome'

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Wernicke's-Korsakoff's

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this disease is formed of 3 parts: Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis.

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Wernicke's Encephalopathy

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characterized by involuntary, jerky eye movement or paralysis of muscles moving the eyes, poor balance, staggering gait, drowsiness

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Korsakoff's psychosis

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this disease my follow if Wernicke's Encephalopathy is not treated causing memory loss. appears between 45-65 and can develop in women in half the time it take men.

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global deterioration scale

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it is a dementia assessment for cognitive skills

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blessed orientation and memory examination

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dementia assessment

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the token test

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assessment

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brief cognitive rating scale

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assessment

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informal assessment

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scale

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family questionnaire

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scale

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who are some of the people on the interdisciplinary team

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SPL, OT, PT,dietician, social services director, case manager.

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alcohol related dementia

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this disease has deterioration in intellectual function with memory not being affected. Appears mainly in 50, 60, and 70's. recovery is possible in this case.

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what are the 2 guide to treatment for dementia?

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manipulating the environment and linguistic variables and using functionally relevant therapy stimuli.

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what are the 3 areas of treatment?

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1.)Restoration - person can still learn/ relearn info. 2.)Compensation-including visual cues 3.) Adaptation- designed to eliminate distraction, auditory and visual.

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what drug is used to possibly slow the the dementia symptoms?

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Aricept,

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what drug is used for cholesterol?

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Lipitor

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FUnctional maintenance programs

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designed to enhance the person's ability to retain and use skills for daily living. Dressing, bathing, eating.

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