Death and Dying Ch 1,6 Flashcards
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Brief standardized printed statements following the death of an average citizen are called
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Death notices
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According to George Gerbner, the "mean world" syndrome describes depictions of death in the mass media as embedded in as structure of violence that conveys?
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A heightened sense of danger, insecurity, and mistrust
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Substitutions of vague words or phrases for ones considered harsh are?
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Euphemisms
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Name some musical expressions associated with death
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Dergies, Elegies, and Laments
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In traditional Hawaiian culture, mele kanikau may have been carefully composed or spontaneous and used
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Laments for commemorating a person's death
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In literature, the meaning of death is often explored as it relates to the individual as well as?
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Society
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Name some examples of Holocaust literature
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The book thief, Dispatches, None of us will Return, Night
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Suse Lowenstein's work Dark Elegy functions as a reminder that
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Life is fragile and that we can lose that which is most precious to us so easily and have to live with that loss for the remainder of our lives
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Blank....are an example of a homemade condolence
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Comfort Quilt, Flag making
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What function does humor sometime have as it relates to death?
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Serious and somber matters can be easier to deal with when there is comedic relief.
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Hibakusha is a Japanese word meaning?
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Explosion affected
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What are some dimensions of thanatology?
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Philosophical and ethical, psychological, sociological, anthropological, clinical, political, and educational.
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The largest area of empirical research in thanatology is concerned with the measurement of attitudes toward death and dying and more particularly?
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Death anxiety
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Research into death anxiety has been characterized as?
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Thanatologists own assembly line. A cluster of death attitudes exemplified by fear, threat, unease, discomfort, and similar negative emotional reactions, as well as anxiety in the psychodynamic sense as a king of diffuse fear that has no clear object.
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In reviewing the status of research and practice in thanatology, Herman Feifel points out that the
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Fear of death is not a unitary or monolithic variable. In the face of personal death, the human mind ostensibly operates simultaneously on various levels of reality, or finite provinces of meaning, each of which can be somewhat autonomous. We, therefore, need to be circumspect in accepting at face value the degree of fear of death affirmed at the conscious level.
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Ernest Becker's "four strands of emphasis" in terror management theory?
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The world is a terrifying place; the basic motivation for human behavior is the need to control our basic anxiety, to deny the terror of death. Because the terror of death is so overwhelming, we conspire to keep it unconscious. Our heroic projects that are aimed at destroying evil have the paradoxical effect of bringing more evil into the world. We are able to focus on almost any perceived threat, whether of people, political or economic ideology, race, religion, and blow it all up psychologically into a life and death struggle against ultimate evil. This is the dynamic of spiraling violence that characterizes so much human history.
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Kubler Ross Model
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Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance. DABDA
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The first formal course in death education at an American university was held at?
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University of Minnesota by Robert Fulton in 1970
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The Major contribution of Elisabeth Kubler-ross' book on death and dying was its focus on?
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Demand for a better care for dying patients
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In looking toward the future, Hannelore Wass observes that the study of death and dying will?
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Help individuals and societies leap from a parochial to a global view.
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What are some nineteenth century funeral rituals?
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People died at home, surrounded by an extended family that spanned several generations. As death drew near, relatives and friends gathered to maintain a vigil at the bedside
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What are some factors that affect our familiarity with death?
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Life expectancy, lower mortality rates, sophisticated medical technologies
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Approximately how much has the average life expectancy in the United States increased since 1990?
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Males from 46-76. Females 48-80
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Epidemiologic transition is BEST defined as the?
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Redistribution of deaths from young to the old
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What does the phrase, "medical technology that seems to one person a godsend, extending life, may seem to another a curse" mean
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Dignity can be devalued amid technology focused solely on the biological organism. The Conventional definition of death may be suspended by a medicolegal definition which acknowledges the fact that life can be sustained artificially. The vague, modern definition of death proves itself to not be as straightforward simple previous statements "when you're dead, you're dead." Because of this unclear definition, medical technology has become a factor in lessening our familiarity w/death and dying. The commonplace attitude that "what can be done, should be done" increases the odds that technological fixes will be tried, even when success or cure is unlikely. So, when death does come, it may seem unexpected. Technological medicine sometimes seems to promote a view of death as an event that can be deferred indefinitely rather than as a normal, natural part of life
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Describes a "cosmopolitan" society?
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It's a society in which we are all regularly in contact with others who think differently, live differently, and act different then ourselves.
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By acknowledging the inevitability of death we
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We can begin to prepare for it
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Informed consent is based on three legal principles: the patient must?
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The patient must be competent to give consent. The consent must be given freely, and consent must be based on an adequate understanding of the proposed treatment, including any potential risks.
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What is a fundamental principal in medical care which involved doing well or conferring benefits that enhance personal or social well-being?
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Beneficence
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A study conducted in ? doctors had to withhold information.
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1961
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The SUPPORT study was designed to?
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It was to assess communication between physicians and seriously ill patients.
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Ethical questions regarding a "right to die" first came to widespread public attention in the court case involving?
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The landmark case of Karen Ann Quinlan in 1975
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Who was Karen Ann Quinlan and what was she famous for
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She was held alive by a mechanical MA-1 respirator for seven months until her parents wanted to finally pull the plug . Hospital officials responsible for Karen's care denied their request. She was transferred to a nursing facility while remaining in a vegetative state until her death in 1985 at age 31.
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What term is used to describe a state of profound unconsciousness lasting a few days or week?
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Coma
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Who provided aid in dying to more than 100 people and led a personal crusade to legalize physician assisted suicide?
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Doctor Jack Kevorkian
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Currently, physician assisted death is permitted by legislation enacted in?
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Oregon and Washington, and by court ruling in Montana
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Euthanasia comes from the Greek term meaning?
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Easy death
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What type of euthanasia occurs when a SURROGATE decision maker asks a physician for assistance to end a patient's life
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Non-voluntary Euthanasia
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Which industrialized countries are identified in the text as permitting euthanasia to patients who request death?
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The Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxemburg
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Which state became the first to adopt a Natural Death Act giving legal recognition to the living will?
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California
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An advanced directive is best defined as?
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Any statement made by a competent person about choices for medical treatment should he or she becomes unable to make such decisions or communicate them at some time in the future.
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A living will allows an individual to?
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Refuse life sustaining treatment in the event he or she is terminally ill and the administration of life sustaining procedures would only prolong the dying process.
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The patient self-determination act requires health providers to do what?
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It requires providers under the Medicare and Medicaid programs to inform patients of their rights to appoint a health care proxy and draw up written instructions concerning limits to medical care to be activated if they become complicated.
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According to Barton Bernstein, the second legal stage in cases of terminal illness includes?
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Occurs shortly before death, the survivors gather pertinent legal papers, obtain sufficient funds to cover immediate expenses, and notify the attorney and insurance representative so they will be ready to make a smooth transition of the deceased legal and financial affairs.
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What type of will is made orally?
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Nuncupative will
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A codicil relates to?
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An amendment to a will
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How can a will be amended?
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A codicil
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What is the condition of having made no valid will?
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Intestate
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If a person dies without leaving a valid will, his or her property will be distributed according to?
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According to rules set up by the state
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According to the laws of intestate succession, when no surviving heirs can be found, proceeds from the estate go to?
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The state
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In the United States, the first life insurance company was established in what year?
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1759
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The potential benefits of life insurance include
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To leave a basic estate for our beneficiaries after we die, and being able to name a beneficiary.
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What type of settlement allows a person with life threatening illness to sell his or her life insurance policy before death and receive a percentage of its face value?
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Viatical settlement
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Philosophical/Ethical
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Mental and emotional effects of death on indivuduals
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Sociological
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How groups organize themselves to deal with social needs and problems relating to dying and death
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Anthropological
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Role of culture and environment across time and space regarding how individuals and societies relate to death and dying
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Clinical
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Management of dying and death in medical settings; diagnosis and prognosis; relationships among patients, doctors, nurses, other caregivers
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Political
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Governmental actions and policies relating
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Educational
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Death education; increasing public awareness of death-relating issues and concerns
