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Home Page Flashcards DDT C14H9Cl5 structure - Flashcards

DDT C14H9Cl5 structure – Flashcards

Flashcard maker : Malcolm Bright

Molecular Formula C14H9Cl5
Average mass 354.486 Da
Density 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 416.2±40.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point 203.9±24.7 °C
Molar Refractivity 84.5±0.3 cm3
Polarizability 33.5±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension 46.9±3.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume 244.2±3.0 cm3
  • Experimental data
  • Predicted – ACD/Labs
  • Predicted – EPISuite
  • Predicted – ChemAxon
  • Predicted – Mcule
  • Experimental Physico-chemical Properties

    • Experimental Melting Point:

      108-109 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
      110 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27709, 27710, 27999, 28000, 28001, 28002, 28003, 28004, 28005
      109 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27709, 27710, 27999, 28000, 28001, 28002, 28003, 28004, 28005
      108.3 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27709, 27710, 27999, 28000, 28001, 28002, 28003, 28004, 28005
      108.5 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 14867, 22001, 27709, 27710, 27999, 28000, 28001, 28002, 28003, 28004, 28005
      108.75 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27709, 27710, 27999, 28000, 28001, 28002, 28003, 28004, 28005
      106-109 °C LabNetwork LN01271218
      108.5-109 °C FooDB FDB008850

    • Experimental Boiling Point:

      230 F (110 °C)
      (Decomposes) NIOSH KJ3325000
      260 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • Experimental Vapor Pressure:

      0 mmHg NIOSH KJ3325000

    • Experimental Flash Point:

      162-171 F (72.2222-77.2222 °C)
      NIOSH KJ3325000
      165 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • Experimental Solubility:

      Insoluble NIOSH KJ3325000
  • Miscellaneous

    • Appearance:

      Colorless crystals or off-white powder with a slight, aromatic odor. [pesticide] NIOSH KJ3325000
      colourless to white crystalline powder Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • Stability:

      Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizingagents, iron and aluminium and their salts, alkalies. Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • Toxicity:

      ORL-RAT LD50 87 mg kg-1, SKN-RAT LD50 1931 mg kg-1, SCU-RAT LD50 1500 mg kg-1, ORL-MUS LD50 135 mg kg-1, ORL-RBT LD50 250 mg kg-1 Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • Safety:

      Safety glasses, gloves, good ventilation. Treatas a possible carcinogen. Note that use of DDT as aninsecticide is banned in most countries. Oxford University Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details

    • First-Aid:

      Eye: Irrigate immediately Skin: Soap wash promptly Breathing: Respiratory support Swallow: Medical attention immediately NIOSH KJ3325000

    • Exposure Routes:

      inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact NIOSH KJ3325000

    • Symptoms:

      Irritation eyes, skin; paresthesia tongue, lips, face; tremor; anxiety, dizziness, confusion, malaise (vague feeling of discomfort), headache, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); convulsions; paresis ha
      nds; vomiting; [potential occupational carcinogen] NIOSH KJ3325000

    • Target Organs:

      Eyes, skin, central nervous system, kidneys, liver, peripheral nervous system Cancer Site [in animals: liver, lung & lymphatic tumors] NIOSH KJ3325000

    • Incompatibility:

      Strong oxidizers, alkalis NIOSH KJ3325000

    • Personal Protection:

      Skin: Prevent skin contact Eyes: Prevent eye contact Wash skin: When contaminated/Daily Remove: When wet or contaminated Change: Daily Provide: Eyewash, Quick drench NIOSH KJ3325000

    • Exposure Limits:

      NIOSH REL : Ca TWA 0.5 mg/m 3 See Appendix A OSHA PEL : TWA 1 mg/m 3 [skin] NIOSH KJ3325000

    • Drug Status:

      agricultural use Microsource
      [00330070]
  • Gas Chromatography

    • Retention Index (Kovats):

      2249 (estimated with error: 72) NIST Spectra mainlib_118994, replib_232756, replib_289784, replib_379329
      2289 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 190 C; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: OV-1; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Erdmann, F.; Rochholz, G.; Schutz, H., Retention-indices on OV-1 of approximately 170 commonly used pesticides, Mikrochim. Acta, 106, 1992, 219-226.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2301 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 220 C; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: OV-1; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Erdmann, F.; Rochholz, G.; Schutz, H., Retention-indices on OV-1 of approximately 170 commonly used pesticides, Mikrochim. Acta, 106, 1992, 219-226.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2330 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 2 m; Column type: Packed; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Substrate: Chromosorb W HP; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Osselton, M.D.; Snelling, R.D., Chromatographic Identification of Pesticides, J. Chromatogr., 368, 1986, 265-271.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2290 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 1.5 m; Column type: Packed; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: He; Substrate: Chromosorb G HP (80-100 mesh); Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Ramsey, J.D.; Lee, T.D.; Osselton, M.D.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 296 non-drug substances on SE-30 or OV-1 likely to be encountered in toxicological analyses, J. Chromatogr., 184, 1980, 185-206.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2284 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column length: 1.8 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 215 C; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: Apiezon L; Substrate: Chromosorb W; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Heinzen, V.E.F.; Yunes, R.A., Relationship between gas chromatographic retention indices and molecular connectivity indices of chlorinated pesticides and structurally related compounds, J. Chromatogr., 598, 1992, 243-250., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 2 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 200 C; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: OV-1; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Dubsky, H.; Hana, K.; Komarkova, M.; Rittich, B., Stanoveni residui chlorovanych pesticidu plynovou chromatografii, Vet. Med. (Prague), 24(3), 1979, 493-498.) NIST Spectra nist ri

    • Retention Index (Normal Alkane):

      2331.7 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50C(1min) =>20C/min =>120C => 5C/min => 300C(10min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Shimadzu Corporation, Analysis of 124 pesticides with capillary GC-FTD and GC-ECD, 2003.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2280 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 80C(1min)=> 10C/min =>150C=> 3C/min =>220C => 40C/min =>280C; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: CP Sil 5 CB; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ma, X.; Li, C.; Tao, C.; Liu, W.; Zheng, S., Multi-residue determination of 41 insecticides in garlic by gas chromatography and ion trap mass spectrometry using the selective ion storage technique, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 15, 2001, 15-19.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2280.8 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Column length: 20 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: H2; Phase thickness: 1.5 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Gilvydis, D.M.; Walters, S.M., Gas chromatographic determination of captan, folpet, and captafol residues in tomatoes, cucumbers, and apples using a wide-bore capillary column: Interlaboratory study, J. Ass. Offic. Anal. Chem, 74(5), 1991, 830-835.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2291.9 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 12 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 18 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 265 C; Start time: 1 min; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: HP-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Liao, W.; Joe, T.; Cusick, W.G., Multiresidue screening method for fresh fruits and vegetables with gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric detection, J. Ass. Offic. Anal. Chem, 74(3), 1991, 554-565.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2323.4 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 2 m; Column type: Packed; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Substrate: GAs Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Omura, M.; Hashimoto, K.; Ohta, K.; Iio, T.; Ueda, S.; Ando, K.; Fujiu, Y.; Hiraide, H., Effective application of the relative retention time diagram for gas chromatographic analysis of pesticides, J. Agric. Food Chem., 39(12), 1991, 2200-2205.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2335.7 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 80 0C (0.5 min) ^ 25 0C/min -> 185 0C ^ 5 0C/min -> 225 0C (3 min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Szeto, S.Y.; Price, P.M., Persistence of pesticide residues in mineral and organic soils in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia, J. Agric. Food Chem., 39(9), 1991, 1679-1684.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2325.6 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 1 min at 100 0C; 100 – 150 0C at 30 deg/min; 2 min at 150 0C; 150 – 205 0C at 3 deg/min; 205 – 240 0C at 10 deg/min; 240 – 260 0C at 2 deg/min; 1 min at 260 0C; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: HP-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Stan, H.-J., Application of Capillary Gas Chromatography with Mass Selective Detection to Pesticide Residue Analysis, J. Chromatogr., 467, 1989, 85-98.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2293 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column length: 1.1 m; Column type: Packed; Heat rate: 8.5 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 300 C; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Substrate: Chromosorb W HP; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Saxton, W.L., Emergence temperature indices and relative retention times of pesticides and industrial chemicals determined by linear programmed temperature gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 393, 1987, 175-194.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2335 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Column length: 12 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 1.8 min at 90 C; 90 – 160 C at 25 deg/min; 1.0 min at 160 C; 160 – 275 C at 4 deg/min; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: OV-1; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Moore, J.M., Detection of selected heroin manufacturing impurities using fused-silica capillary and electron capture-gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 281, 1983, 355-361.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2306 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.247 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 1 min at 90 C; 90-150 C at 20 deg/min; 150-250 C at 5 deg/min; hold at 250 C for elution of last component; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ripley, B.D.; Braun, H.E., Retention time data for organochlorine, organophosphorus, and organonitrogen pesticides on SE-30 capillary column and application of capillary gas chromatography to pesticide residue analysis, J. Ass. Offic. Anal. Chem, 66(5), 1983, 1084-1095.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2299 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Other; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Ardrey, R.E.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 1318 substances of toxicological interest on SE-30 or OV-1 stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 220, 1981, 195-252.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2290.7 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 1.8 m; Column type: Packed; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: Mixture; Substrate: Chromosorb W; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Chau, A.S.Y.; Carron, J.M.; Tse, H., Confirmation of pesticide residues identity. X. Mirex, J. Ass. Offic. Anal. Chem, 61(6), 1978, 1475-1480.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2310.4 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 6 ft; Column type: Packed; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: DC-200; Substrate: Chromosorb W (60-80 mesh); Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Siewierski, M.; Helrich, K., Separation, identification, and measurement of DDT and its metabolites, J. Ass. Offic. Anal. Chem, 50(3), 1967, 627-633.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2367 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50 0C(1 min) ^ 25 0C/min -> 125 0C ^ 10 0C/min -> 300 0C (10 min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: 5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Department of Food Safety, Ministry of Health; Welfare, Analytical methods for residual compositional substances of agricultural chemicals, feed aadditives, and veterinary drugs in foods, 2006.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2373 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50 0C(1 min) ^ 25 0C/min -> 125 0C ^ 10 0C/min -> 300 0C (10 min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: 5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Department of Food Safety, Ministry of Health; Welfare, Analytical methods for residual compositional substances of agricultural chemicals, feed aadditives, and veterinary drugs in foods, 2006.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2336.3 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 80C(1min) => 10C/min =>160C (5min) => 3C/min =>240C =>25C/min =>280C(10min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: DB-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Chu, X.-G.; Hu, X.-Z.; Yao, H.-Y., Determination of 266 pesticide residues in apple juice by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography-mass selective detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 1063, 2005, 201-210.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2327.1 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 80C(2min) =>15C/min =>190C(4min) => 10C/min => 290C(6min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: CP-Sil 8CB-MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Goncalves, C.; Alpendurada, M.F., Solid-phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry as a tool for pesticide residue analysis in water samples at high sensitivity and selectivity with confirmation capabilities, J. Chromatogr. A, 1026, 2004, 239-250.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2343 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 70C(2min) =>25C/min =>150C=>3C/min => 200C=> 8C/min =>280C(10min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: HP-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Wong, J.W.; Webster, M.G.; Bezabeh, D.Z.; Hengel, M.J.; Ngim, K.K.; Krynitsky, A.J.; Ebeler, S.E., Multiresidue determination of pesticides in malt beverages by capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring, J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 2004, 6361-6372.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2305.4 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 80C(2.5min) =>50c/min=> 140C =>5C/min =>260C (3min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: DB-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Garrido Frenich, A.; Martinez Vidal, J.L.; Moreno Frias, M.; Olea-Serrano, F.; Olea, N.; Cuadros Rodriguez, L., Determination of organochlorine pesticides by GC-ECD and GC-MS-MS techniques including an evaluation of the uncertainty associated with the results, Chromatographia, 57(3/4), 2003, 213-220.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2330.9 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 57C(2min) => 40C/min=> 130C=> 5C/min=> 200C=> 7C/min=> 270C(10min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: HP-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.2 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Haib, J.; Hofer, I.; Renaud, J.-M., Analysis of multiple pesticide residues in tobacco using pressurized liquid extraction, automated solid-phase extraction clean-up and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1020, 2003, 173-187.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2305.5 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 70C(3.5min)=>25C/min =>180C(10min) =>10C/min =>300C; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: CP Sil 8 CB; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Prados-Rosales, R.C.; Luque Garcia, J.L.; Luque de Castro, M.D., Rapid analytical method for the determination of pesticide residues in sunflower seeds based on focused microwave-assisted Soxhlet extraction prior to gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 993, 2003, 121-129.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2331.2 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 70 0C (2 min) ^ 25 0C/min -> 150 0C ^ 3 0C/min -> 200 0C ^ 8 0C/min -> 280 0C (3 min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: HP-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Richter, P.; Sepulveda, B.; Oliva, R.; Calderon, K.; Seguel, R., Screening and determination of pesticides in soil using continuous subcritical water extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 994, 2003, 169-177.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2344 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50C(1min) =>20C/min =>120C => 5C/min => 300C(10min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Shimadzu Corporation, Analysis of 124 pesticides with capillary GC-FTD and GC-ECD, 2003.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2318.8 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 80 C (1 min) ^ 30 C/min -> 180 C (3 min) ^ 3 C/min -> 270 C; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: HP-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Concha-Grana, E.; Turnes-Carou, M.I.; Muniategui-Lorenzo, S.; Lopez-Mahia, P.; Fernandez-Fernandez, E.; Prada-Rodriguez, D., Optimisation of a programmed split-splitless injector in the gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of organochlorine pesticides, J. Chromatogr. A, 958, 2002, 17-24.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2345.5 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50 C (1.5 min) ^ 30 C/min -> 180 C ^ 10 C/min -> 275 C (15 min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: RTX-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Dabrowski, L.; Giergielewicz-Mozajska, H.; Biziuk, M.; Gaca, J.; Namiesnik, J., Some aspects of the analysis of environmental pollutants in sediments using pressurized liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 957, 2002, 59-67.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2335.6 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 60 0C ^ 8 0C/min -> 120 0C ^ 5 0C/min -> 260 0C ^ 10 0C -> 280 0C (10 min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: H2; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Xue, X.Y.; Zhang, Q.; Liang, X.M.; Oxynos, K.; Kettrup, A.; Lu, P.C., Computer-assisted automatic peak recognition and result evaluation for analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in environmental samples, J. Chromatogr. A, 957, 2002, 37-44.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2279.8 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 40C(2min) =>3C/min =>175C (4min) => 3C/min => 240C => 7C/min=>320C(10min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: HP-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Lacorte, S.; Guiffard, I.; Fraisse, D.; Barcelo, D., Broad spectrum analysis of 109 priority compounds listed in the 76/464/CEE council directive using solid-phase extraction and GC/EI/MS, Anal. Chem., 72, 2000, 1430-1440.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2329.9 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 100C(1min) => 30C/min=> 150C(2min) => 3C/min=> 205C => 10C/min =>260C(29min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: SE-54; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Stan, H.-J., Pesticide residue analysis in foodstuffs applying capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection State-of-the-art use of modified DFG-multimethod S19 and automated data evaluation, J. Chromatogr. A, 892, 2000, 347-377.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2348.5 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50 C (1.13 min) ^ 30 C/min -> 150 C ^ 3 C/min -> 205 C ^ 10 C/min -> 250 C (20 min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: HP-5; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Cook, J.; Engel, M.; Wylie, P.; Quimby, B., Multiresidue screening of pesticides in foods using retention time locking, GC-AED, database search, and GC/MS identification, J. AOAC Int., 82(2), 1999, 313-326.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2310.7 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 45 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 80 0C (3 min) ^ 20 0C/min -> 170 0C (7.5 min) ^ 3 0C/min -> 300 0C (7 min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: Ultra-2; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Looser, R.; Ballschmiter, K., Gas chromatographic separation of semivolatile organohalogen compounds on the new stationary phase Optima.delta.-3, J. Chromatogr. A, 836, 1999, 271-284.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2343.1 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 6 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 260 C; End time: 12 min; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Mogadati, P.; Louis, J.B.; Rosen, J.D., Multiresidue determination of pesticides in high-organic-content soils by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, J. AOAC Int., 82(3), 1999, 705-715.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2334 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 90 0C (4 min) ^ 18 0C/min -> 180 0C (1 min) ^ 0.9 0C/min -> 200 0C (1 min) ^ 1.5 0C/min -> 270 0C (15 min); CAS no: 50293; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Najam, A.R.; Korver, M.P.; Williams, C.C.; Burse, V.W.; Needham, L.L., Analysis of a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides in human serum by column fractionation and dual-column capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection, J. AOAC Int., 82(1), 1999, 177-185.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2340 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 100 C; End T: 275 C; End time: 2 min; Start time: 5 min; CAS no: 50293; Active phase: RTX-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.5 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Restek, Restek International, 1999 Product Guide, 1(1), 1999, 578-591, In original 578-591.) NIST Spectra <a

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      Question
      What is the right structure for an essay
      Answer
      A paragraph is a related group of sentences that develops one main idea. Each paragraph in the body of the essay should contain:
      • a topic sentence that states the main or controlling idea
      • supporting sentences to explain and develop the point you’re making
      • evidence from your reading or an example from the subject area that supports your point
      • analysis of the implication/significance/impact of the evidence finished off with a critical conclusion you have drawn from the evidence.