Dat DNA replication doe – Flashcards
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the backbone is this
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sugar-phosphate
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amount of A and T are same, amount of C and G are same
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Chargaffs Rules
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the REAL DNA discoverer
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Rosalind Franklin
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the REAL DNA discoverer
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Rosalind Franklin
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how nucleotides get incorporated into DNA
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phosphoryl transfer
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a ____ is made up of these 3 things
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nucleotide, base, pentose sugar, phosphate group
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template strand is this at top, this at bottom, OH group is on top
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3, 5
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daughter strand is this at top, this at bottom, OH group on bottom
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5, 3
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this enzyme associates daughter base with template base to form this kind of bond
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DNA polymerase, phosphodiester linkage
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nucleotides are connected with this, which is a link between this type of this on daughter and this on template
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phosphodiester linkage, alpha phosphate, OH
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DNA polymerase binds the new sugar via this ends this
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3 OH
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these 2 phosphate groups are cleaved off and used to make
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beta, gamma, ATP
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in this phase, many of these are made on each chromosomes
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S, origins of replication
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origins of replication /*>
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replication bubble
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proteins of the nuclear matrix, associated with the DNA replication machinery of bacteria
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keratin intermediate filaments
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unwinds 2 strands by breaking these between these
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Helicase, H bonds, base pairs
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this holds the 2 strands part
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SSBP
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this is used to relieve the strain of unwinding, 2 kinds
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topoisomerase
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this cleaves the sugar phosphate backbone of 1 strand of parent DNA
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topoisomerase 1
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this cleaves the sugar phosphate backbones of both parent strands, causing a ____
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topoisomerase 2, double strand break
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proteins in this gene are involved in repairing these made by this during DNA replication, which is why mutations for it lead to cancer (breast specifically)
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BRCA1, double strand breaks, topoisomerase 2
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generates RNA primer inside of this
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primase, replication bubble
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in bacterial cells it starts to generate a new strand of DNA in the direction of this to this
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DNA polymerase III, 5, 3
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in eukaryotes this starts to generate a new strand of DNA in the direction of this to this
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DNA Beta
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this removes RNA primer from a newly replicated strand, also removes RNA bases from new template and replaces with DNA (on these)
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DNA polymerase I, okazaki fragments
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seals sugar phosphate backbone (by catalyzing this kind of bond between this and this) that topoisomerase broke when unwinding OR between fragments
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DNA ligase, covalent, OH, phosphate
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this many known DNA repair enzymes, this many dedicated to repairing damage from UV light
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12, 8
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these are skin cells, mutations in their DNA repair enzymes cause this kind of skin cancer
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keratinocytes, basal cell carcinoma
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mutations in this type of skin cells DNA repair enzymes cause this kind of skin cancer
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melanocytes, melanoma
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Tanning (UV radiation) causes these to form, and they are held together with this kind of bond, causing a
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thymine dimers, covalent, helical distortion
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UV radiation causes this which is fixed by this enzyme via cleaving this on both sides
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helical distortion, nuclease, phosphodiester backbone
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this comes in after nuclease cleaves phosphodiester backbone of thymine dimer/helical distortion (UV radiation) and fills in the gap with DNA
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DNA polymerase
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this comes in after UV radiation caused damage and it catalyzes these kinds of bonds of these kinds of linkages
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DNA ligase, covalent, phosphodiester
