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a. a deep devotion to one's nation b. It can unify people, but it also can lead to intense competition between nations that try to overpower each other.

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Nationalism

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a. the conquest for colonies in other parts of the world b. As imperialism grew, countries fought over similar land and resources and there was rivalry and mistrust between the nations.

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Imperialism

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a. a policy of glorifying military power and keep an army ready for war b. Having the army ready it made people feel patriotic, but it also made people nervous and frightened about what could happen.

answer

Militarism

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a. WWI alliance that included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy b. It was designed to keep the peace in Europe, but instead it caused more distrust between nations. Germany also wanted to show the world how strong its army was.

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Triple Alliance (1882)

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a. WWI alliance that included Britain, France and Russia b. In response to Germany increasing its navy, Britain formed an alliance with France and Russia. This did not mean it would fight for France or Russia, but it did mean it would fight against them.

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Triple Entente (1907)

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a. The killing of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo b. The assassination led Austria to punish Serbia and declared war on is take it over. This led Russia, who was an ally of Serbia to move to fight Germany. All of the alliances then moved into motion against one another and war began.

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Assassination in Sarajevo

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Forced Bismark to resign and wanted to show how strong the German army was through warfare.

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Kaiser Wilhelm II

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Germany interpreted the move as a move toward war, so they declared war on Russia and immediately declared war on France as well since they were in an alliance with Russia.

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What was the effect of Russia mobilizing along the German border?

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When Germany declared war on France, Great Britain declared war on Germany.

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What was the effect of Germany declaring war on France?

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It meant that the Schlieffen Plan would not work and it turned the war on the Western Front into a long stalemate. It also meant that now Germany would have to fight on both sides of its borders.

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What was the effect of the Allies defeat of the Germans in the Battle of the Marne?

question

Machine guns were able to prevent troops from moving forward, poison gas was invented by the Germans but used by both sides, airplanes were able to direct artillery attacks to the trenches and made the war miserable.

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What was the effect of machine guns, tanks, poison gas, and airplanes being used in battles along the Western Front?

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Russians were successful for some time against the Austrians, but they had to retreat to the German army. The Russians had not become as modernized as the other European nations so they were slower to mobilize their troops.

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What was the effect of the Russian forces attack on both Austria and Germany?

question

Russia lacked food and supplies to fight as well as they may have. This led to problems within the country itself as the people had to support the war with their lives.

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What was the effect of the Allies being unable to ship war supplies to Russia's port?

question

The plan was to quickly attack France in the west and win and then move to fight the battle in the east because Russia was slower to move its forces without a good railroad network. After the Germans lost at the Battle of Marne the plan was not going to work.

answer

Schlieffen Plan

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The deadlock region in northern France - this was a long bloody stalemate of trench warfare

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Western Front

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The Central Powers were Germany and Austria-Hungary in central Europe at the start of the war

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Central Powers

question

a type of warfare where soldiers dig long trenches and holes and fight from there - there were tremendous losses of lives in this warfare and conditions were miserable.

answer

trench warfare

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Allies is a term for countries that work together to defeat a common enemy.

answer

Allies

question

The battlefield between Germany and Russia. It was a a mobile battle ground, not trench warfare, but there were still heavy losses for both sides.

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Eastern Front

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The goal was to move through the Ottoman empire and Constantinople in order to create a supply line to Russia. It did not work and created another stalemate.

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What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign?

question

Germany had attacked and sank three American ships which upset the US who warned Germany to stop. Germany then sent a letter (Zimmermann note) saying it would help Mexico reconquer lands in the U.S.

answer

Why did the United States enter the war?

question

The war had created food and fuel shortages and 5.5 million Russians had been killed or wounded in the war. The people were tired of the czar's leadership and wanted something new.

answer

Why did the czar's government collapse?

question

This treaty ended the war between Germany and Russia.

answer

What did the treaty of Brest-Litovsk accomplish?

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Germany launched a final attack on the Western Front, but with the added U.S. troops and supplies the Allied forces pushed Germany back and forced their retreat and eventual surrender.

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What was the significance of the Second Battle of the Marne?

question

The Ottoman Turks and Bulgarians surrendered and then revolution moved through Austria-Hungary and finally German soldiers mutinied against the Kaiser Wilhelm II.

answer

What events signaled the final defeat of the Central Powers?

question

German policy that it would sink any ship in the waters around Britain - civilian included

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unrestricted submarine warfare

question

Countries devote all of their resources to the war effort

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total war

question

When goods are in short supply, the governments only allow people to buy small amounts of goods that were also needed for the war.

answer

rationing

question

One-sided information designed to persuade, keep morale up and support for the war.

answer

propaganda

question

an agreement to stop fighting

answer

armistice

question

The idea of self-determination which meant that nations could decide for themselves what type of government they wanted.

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What were the guiding principles of Wilson's Fourteen Points?

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France and Britain wanted to strip Germany of its war-making power so that it could not start another war.

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What were the concerns and aims of France and Britain?

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They lost a lot of their territory. There were restrictions placed on its military. And the "war guilt" clause placed responsibility for the war on Germany alone and force them to pay reparations to the Allies.

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In what ways did the Treaty of Versailles punish Germany?

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The countries that surrendered also lost a lot of land. New countries were created from these lands as independent nations. Also Ottoman land was turned into territories called mandates.

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How did the Treaty of Versailles change the world map?

question

The Fourteenth Point created a League of Nations whose role was to keep peace among the nations.

answer

How was Wilson's Fourteenth Point incorporated into the Versailles Treaty?

question

They did not agree to be a part of the League of Nations and did not want to be involved in European issues.

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Why did the United States reject the treaty?

question

Without the U.S. support, it could not actually keep the peace as it was intended when new problems came up later.

answer

How did this reaction affect the League of Nations?

question

The war-guilt clause made Germany upset. The countries that lost land were upset. The territories in Asia and Africa were also upset that they could not become independent nations.

answer

Why did many countries feel bitter and cheated as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

question

President of the United States during WWI who led the move to create peace through the Versailles Treaty.

answer

Woodrow Wilson

question

A French representative that wanted to punish Germany for the war and wasn't interested in finding a way to keep the peace in Europe.

answer

Georges Clemenceau

question

The ability of a people to decide for themselves what type of government they wanted to be under as a nation.

answer

self-determination

question

Woodrow Wilson's plan to have an association of countries that would work together to protect all nations and keep peace in the world.

answer

League of Nations

question

policy of glorifying war and keeping an army prepared for war

answer

Militarism

question

the battlefields of northern France in WWI

answer

Western Front

question

the stretch of battlefield along the German and Russian border in WWI

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Eastern Front

question

a type of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from parallel trenches

answer

trench warfare

question

one-sided information designed to persuade

answer

propaganda

question

war in which countries devote all their resources to the war effort

answer

total war

question

system in which a government limits the amount of items people can buy

answer

rationing

question

Wilson's plan for achieving a just and lasting piece after WWI

answer

Fourteen Points

question

The President of the United States during WWI

answer

Woodrow Wilson

question

The guiding principal behind the Fourteen Points which meant allowing people to decide for themselves under what government they wished to live.

answer

self-determination

question

An international association whose goal was to keep peace among the nations

answer

League of Nations

question

The harsh peace settlement dictated by the Allies at the end of WWI

answer

Treaty of Versailles

question

An agreement to stop fighting

answer

armistice

question

The German battle strategy that called for attacking and defeating France in the West and then rushing east to fight Russia

answer

Schlieffen Plan

question

WWI alliance that included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

answer

Triple Alliance

question

WWI alliance that included Great Britain, France and Russia

answer

Triple Entente

question

Germany and Austria-Hungary were the central powers in Europe at the beginning of the war.

answer

Central Powers

question

Groups of nations that work together to defeat a common enemy or force.

answer

Allies

question

Nationalism is a deep devotion to one's country. This led to unifying people groups, but it also led to more competition and tension as groups sought to overpower each other.

answer

Details about the rise of nationalism

question

This is the policy of glorifying military power. It made people patriotic but it also made people nervous and frightened by having so many strong armies.

answer

Details about the rise of militarism

question

With imperialism nations in Europe were expanding to other countries and forming colonies. This meant they were competing for the same resources to build up their empires. They did not trust each other and tensions were growing.

answer

Details about the rise of imperialism

question

The alliance system was set up to prevent war and keep peace. But different alliances were formed that began to split Europe into two major groups. The problem with an alliance is that when an issue happens in one nation it effects all of the others in the alliance.

answer

Details about the alliance system

question

The Balkans were knows as the "powder keg" because of the many nationalist groups that were there. As some groups gained independence others were taken over by Austria or Russians and this led to increased tensions.

answer

Details about the crises in the Balkans

question

He was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne but was assassinated in Serbia. This led Austria to attack Serbia. Serbia was supported by the Russians, so Russia declared war on Austria. Austria was in an alliance with Germany so they declared war on Russia. France was in an alliance with Russia so they declared war on Germany. England was in an alliance with France and Russia so they joined in to fight Germany and Austria-Hungary.

answer

Details about the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife

question

WWI alliance that included Britain, France and Russia

answer

Triple Entente

question

Alliance that included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

answer

Triple Alliance

question

The Central Powers at the start of the war

answer

Germany and Austria-Hungary

question

The Allied Powers at the start of the war

answer

Great Britain, France, Russia

question

The region of France that became a bloody stalemate

answer

Western Front

question

German battle strategy that called for a quick defeat of France in the west and then attacking Russia in the east

answer

Schlieffen Plan

question

Battle strategy in which soldiers fought from deep pits dug into the earth

answer

trench warfare

question

A new warship introduced by the Germans that used underwater missiles

answer

submarine

question

Stretch of battlefield along the German and Russian border

answer

Eastern Front

question

New weapon that cause blindness, blisters and choking

answer

poison gas

question

a. to end the stalemate they looked for other countries to tip the balance of power. b. new supplies and support came but it also spread the conflict to a global level

answer

As the war went on, how did the Great Powers look for allies beyond Europe?

question

a. the battle was designed to create a supply line to Russia b. in the end it failed and there were 250,000 Allied loses

answer

Describe the Gallipoli campaign to secure the Dardanelles.

question

a. the policy allowed for the attack on civilian ships around Britain b. this policy and the sinking of 3 America ships prompted the U.S. to join the Allies and add power to their side against Germany.

answer

How did the German policy of unrestricted submarine warfare shift the focus of the war at sea?

question

a. the note said the Germany would support Mexico in attacking the U.S. to reconquer lands they had loss. b. the U.S. was already more connected to the Allied side through trade and common language, so this made them declare war on Germany and enter the war

answer

How did the Zimmermann Note bring the U.S. into the war?

question

a. trying to force people to adopt the European cultures upset people from colonized nations. b. other nations joined sides to either get rid of their colonial governments or to support them in hopes of being rewarded

answer

What role did assimilation have in the escalation of the war?

question

a. imperialism spread the war to the rest of the world as nations fought over land and resources b. soon countries all over the world were fighting against one another as a part of one of the alliances

answer

How did WWI become a total war?

question

a. this was a flu virus that spread during the spring of 1918 known as the Spanish flu b. the epidemic spread to all of Europe and the United States and even India. 12 million people died in India and 20 million worldwide

answer

How did influenza affect both sides during the war?

question

a. propaganda was used to persuade opinions and build morale. b. the governments shared the information they wanted to share in order to control public opinion and keep the support coming

answer

How was propaganda used to influence public opinion during the war?

question

Palace of Versailles

answer

Location of meetings to determine conditions of peace after WWI

question

Woodrow Wilson

answer

Represented the U.S. at the Paris Peace Conference

question

Georges Clemenceau

answer

Represented France at the Paris Peace Conference

question

Fourteen Points

answer

Wilson's proposal for achieving a just and lasting peace

question

League of Nations

answer

Proposed international association whose job would be to keep peace among nations

question

war guilt clause

answer

Part of the Treaty of Versailles that placed responsibility for the war solely on Germany

question

Ottoman

answer

Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia were formed from this empire

question

Great Britain

answer

Palestine, Iraq, and Transjordan came under control of this country

question

Finland

answer

One nation, formerly part of Russia, that became independent

question

mandates

answer

Term for postwar territories expected to be governed by the League of Nations

CUSD Modern World History – Chapter 13 Packet Notes – Flashcards

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