Understanding Camera Mechanics and Film Frame Rates
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Depth of Field
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range of acceptable focus. to decrease: move camera closer to the, open the aperture, increase mm
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Film Base vs. Emulsion
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emulsion is the light sensitive part made out of crystals, film base is the plastic part (sticky side)
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What creates the illusion of a continuous image from a series of images?
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Persistence of vision
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What creates the illusion of motion from a series of still images
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displacement
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What is the difference between an F stop and a T stop and how are they used?
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T stop: includes the amount of light loss that the lens cause. F stop: aperture setting for 18% grey to be exposed correctly
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Exposure Latitude
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range of exposure from absolute black to absolute white (amount of stops)
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Contrast Ration
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key side: fill side. 1 stop difference= 2:1 ratio, 2 stop difference= 4:1 ratio
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What is a films "speed"
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ISO, sensitivity to light
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What makes a light soft? Why?
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soften the edges of the shadow. -Can be achieved by having a large source of light and the light being more dispersed. -Bouncing the light works. -Can bring the light closer to the subject so the source is larger in proportion to the subject. -Sun functions as a point source because it is so far away = light being hard.
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Incident light vs. reflected light
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incident light= light on the subject reflected light= light that bounces off of a subject
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How does a light meter work?
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indicated proper exposure in comparison to 18% grey. +/- stops
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What does the diopter do?
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The diopter is the viewfinder, use to it watch the scene when filming. older cameras would see every other filmed frame
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What is the proper way to set a C-Stand
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sandbag on largest leg, knuckles on the right side
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What is the proper way to store a flag?
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store upright to grab handle. If resting on ground, handle on the bottom so they don't scratch the wall or other silks.
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What is middle gray?
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18% grey in zone five. luminosity of gray that will reflect as much light as falls on it and is used to set exposure
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What is the key light?
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light to set the exposure with
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What is the function of the fill light?
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helps lighten shadows, lessen shadow contrast
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What is Chiaroscuro?
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the play of light and shadow
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How does the focal length of a lens affect the image?
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- wide angle (24mm) lens: deeper depth of field, wider depth of field - a long (140mm) lens: narrow field of view, shallower depth of field
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How does the distance between the subject and the camera affect the image?
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closer to the subject= less depth of field
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W=VA
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Watts=Volts X Amps Volts: 120 in the US, paper amps are 100 volts
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Paper Amps
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paper amps are rounded US volts to use as a safety barrier. 8.3 amps/1000w = 10 paper amps
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Baby
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1k, 10 paper amps
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Junior
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2k, 20 paper amps
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Senior
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5k, 50 paper amps
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Flag
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solid, blocks light
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Net
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green: 1/2 stops (cuts light by 1/4) red: 1 full stop (cuts light by 1/2)
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Silk
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diffuses the light. full silk will cut 2 stops
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Law of inverse square
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-intensity = 1/(distance moved)^2
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How does camera placement affect your perception of speed of movement?
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closer to the subject means that they cross the frame faster and appears to move faster
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How does the position of a light affect the image?
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effects shadow, change how we perceive the volume of light if, can flatten an object, can affect the mood, the quality.
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What is the color temperature of daylight? Of tungsten light?
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daylight: 5600k tungsten: 3200k
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What is tungsten balanced film?
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if you go in tungsten balanced light, white would appear white. If used in daylight, the scene would look warm.
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Hue
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color
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Chroma
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saturation
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Luminance
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brightness
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Cool colors:
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blue, cyan, magenta
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Warm colors
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green, red, yellow
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What does an 85 filter do? How much light is lost when using it?
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a correction filter, can correct daylight balanced film under tungsten lights. 2/3 stop lost
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Primary and Secondary colors
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Green, red, blue Cyan, yellow, magenta
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What is the proper and safe way to set up and power a light on our stage?
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100 amps, then lunch box, then plug into light, then turn on
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What do colored filters do?
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blocks certain wavelength of light. wavelength that pass through are the hue of the light.
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What does the color temperature mean?
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different shades when a black object was heated up. red to white hot, measured in k.
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How does light placement affect the apparent depth of your subject?
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you can flatten out and create depth with the use of a front/side light. You can also use a backlight to create separation. Don't light everything evenly or from behind the camera
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Light refraction
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light goes through a medium and bends (through water)
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Light dispersion
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light goes through a prism and splits into different wavelengths
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What is the circle of confusion?
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smallest point a light can focus to. White light is made out of different colors of light and cannot just be one point, so the smaller these points of light are the sharper the image is.
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