question

Aqueduct

answer

A man-made channel constructed to convey water from one location to another

question

Bear Flag Revolt

answer

A brief attempt at the beginning of the Mexican-American War to establish an independent California republic

question

Bushido

answer

The code of knights in feudal Japan, the equivalent of chivalry in Europe

question

California's Mission System

answer

A "sacred expedition" in which twenty-one Spanish Catholic missions were established, spaced to be a single days travel apart on El Camino Real (the Royal Road)

question

Californios

answer

Residents of the rancho system in California just before the Mexican-American War, mainly comprised of Mexican citizen who idetified more as Californios than Mesicans

question

Capitalism

answer

An economic system regulated by the state that encourages the accumulation of weath and property by individuals

question

Caste

answer

A division of society based on differences of wealth, inherited rank or privledge, profession, or occupation, not allowed to move from one caste to another

question

Central Valley Project (CVP)

answer

A federal water project undertaken by the Bureau of Reclamation in 1935 as a long-term plan to effectively use water in California's central valley

question

Check and Balances

answer

Written into the Constitution, this concept is one of the cornerstones of our republic, encompassing three branches of governement and a system for them to act as watchdogs for the others

question

Circumnavigate

answer

To sail completely around the earth

question

Code of Hammurabi

answer

The first known written legal code, developed in ancient Babylong, predated the justinian Code by about 2,000 years

question

Communism

answer

An economic system in which the state controls the means of production and distributes the profits

question

Conquistadores

answer

Spanish exploreres that sought the riches of Central and South America, establishing colonies along the way

question

Daimyo

answer

Japanese feudal lord

question

Democratic-Republican Party

answer

One of the first two political parties in the United States, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison; opposed the Federalist party and was strongly in favor of individual rights

question

Economics

answer

A social science deaing with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

question

Emancipation Proclamation

answer

A proclamation made by President Lincoln in1863 freeing all slaves in regions still fighting against the Union

question

Executive Branch

answer

A branch of the system of checks and balances that sees that the country's laws are executed

question

Federalism

answer

A system of government consisting of self-regluating regions (states) united by a central (federal) government

question

Federalist Papers

answer

A series of articles written in 1787 by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to gain popular support for the then-proposed Constitution

question

Feudalism

answer

A social economic, and political system in which power is decentralized, and a varying number of lords hold land on which they allow others to live and work in return for loyalty and service

question

Fief

answer

Land held by lorders under the feudal system

question

Forty-niners

answer

Nickname for the influx of people that arrived in California, staring in 1849, in search of gold

question

Free-soliders

answer

A minor but influential political party int he pre-Civil War period that opposed the extention of slavery into the western territories

question

Gentleman's Agreement

answer

A 1907 treaty with Japan that allowed wives to joing their husbands in the U.S. on the condition that the Japanese government deny exit visas to any men wishing to emigrate to the United States

question

Great Awakening

answer

A religious revival in the colonies during the first part of the 18th century

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Great Compromise

answer

A decision made by the Constitutional Congress splitting Congress into two houses, one based on population (House of Rep) and the other based on equal representations (Senate)

question

Hunter/Gatherer Societies

answer

An early society in which men hunted for meat and women gathered more readily available food

question

Initiative

answer

A process that gives individual citizens, or groups of citizens, the power to place a proposed law on the ballot

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Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)

answer

British reaction to the Boston Tea Party, including more rigid restrictions on colonial town meetins and other harsh penalties

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Judicial Branch

answer

A branch of the system of checks and balances that interprets Congressional laws

question

Justinian Code

answer

Consdiered to be the basis for the justice system in use throughout much of the Western world, including the United States

question

Land Commission

answer

Established to settle the Californio's land claims during the first few years of California's statehood

question

Law of Supply and Demand

answer

The basic economic principle stating that is suppply is greater than demand, the value of the product is lower, if demand is greater than supply, the value is higher

question

Legislative Branch

answer

The branch of the system of checks and balances that makes Congressional laws

question

Louisiana Purchase

answer

The 1803 purchase made by President Thomas Jefferson that essentially doubled the United States territory

question

Manifest Destiny

answer

An 1845 phrase encapsulating the American version of the Western Expansion

question

Mercantilism

answer

The practice of state regulation and control of an economy

question

Missouri Compromise

answer

The 1820 legislation that tried to resolve the conflicts reaised by the addition of new territories as either slave or non-slave owning areas

question

Monotheism

answer

The worship of only one god

question

Nullification

answer

A concept espoused by southerners following the Missouri Compromise that would have given southern states the right to refuse to obey laws that they did not agree with

question

Octopus

answer

A term used to describe the Central Pacifics Railroad's monopoly for having an arm in practically every sector of California's commerce

question

Pilgrims

answer

A religious group who had broken away from the Church of England, first relocating to Holland to escape persecution, then setting sail in the fall of 1620 to become the first settlers to arrive in Massachusetts

question

Popular Sovereignty

answer

the idea that political authority belongs to the people

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Presidio

answer

Forts build by the Spanish to offer protection to california's missionaries and settlers during periods of violent revolt by native workers

question

Pueblos

answer

Towns based around California's missions and presidios, built around a church and a town square

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Rancho System

answer

A land allotment system defined by a few large landowners and many landless workers

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Recall

answer

A mechanism fo rending an elected official's tenure before its scheduled completion

question

Reconstruction

answer

President Lincoln's first priority after the Civil War to reconcile the warring sides and rebuild areas affected by the war

question

Referendum

answer

A statute or amendment that has passed the state legislature, which is then placed the proposed law on the ballot for approval by the electorate, allows the California electorate to rescind legislatin that has already become law

question

Reincarnation

answer

A religious beleif in which, after physical death, a rebirth in another body occurs, a central tenet of Hinduism, among other religions

question

Relocation Camp

answer

Interment camps that held people of Japanese descent durin World War II

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Renaissance

answer

A French word meaning, rebirth, the name given to the flowering of European culture at the end of the medieval period

question

Secession

answer

That self-given right of seven states to the lower South to leave the Union is they so desired

question

Seperate but Equal

answer

A philosophy, along with election rules, that was designed to deny blacks the right to vote after reconstruction ended

question

Serf

answer

Peasants who work on land in a feudal system

question

Shogun

answer

In Feudal Japan, the equivalent of a medieval Eupopean king

question

Silicon Valley

answer

A nickname for the Southern part of San Francisco Bay Area in the northern California, originally referring to the concentration of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually referring to the concentration of all types of high-tech businesses

question

Socialism

answer

An economic system in which workers control the means of production and share in the profits for their labors

question

Ten Percent Plan

answer

A plan created by President Lincoln before his assassination, and carried out by the successor, Andrew Johnson, stating that a state could be readmitted to the Union if ten percent of the former Confederates in the state who had voted in the 1860 election vowed loyalty to the union

question

Three-Fifths Compromise

answer

An initial rule in the constituion stating that in state population counts, each slave would count for three-fifths of one person

question

Vassal

answer

The equivilent of a knight in the feudal system

question

1450-1763

answer

The start and end of the Age of Discovery

question

Spain, France, England, Portugal, Netherlands

answer

Countries that competed for land

question

New England Colonies

answer

Shipbuilding and Commerce

question

Middle Colonies

answer

Farming and Commerce

question

Southern Colonies

answer

Tobacco, cotton and slavery

question

House of Burgesses

answer

An early colonial attempt at representative self-government (1619), first legislative assembly of the colonies

question

The Mayflower Compact

answer

Basis of government by the consent of the governed

question

Major Popluation Groups

answer

Europeans and Africans

question

Benjamin Franklin

answer

Philosopher, inventor, politician who had great influence over many years

question

Northwest Ordinance

answer

Defined the Northwest Territory and the way the US would be set up

question

John Adams

answer

Leader of the movement towards Independence, very outspoken

question

Articles of Confederation

answer

The first constitution of the United States of America

question

Thomas Jefferson

answer

Responsible for writing most of the Declaration of Independence

question

Federalism

answer

A division of government powers between a strong central government and the state governments

question

Bicarmeral

answer

Like the English Parliment, the new state legislatures were...

question

Parliment Repealed the Act

answer

Reaction of the English Government to the colonial protest against the stamp act

question

Intolerable Acts

answer

Reaction of the British Government to the Boston Tea Party

question

Boycotting Britsh Goods

answer

The colonists strongest weapon against the unpopular British Tax measures

question

The Jamestown Colony

answer

Settled by gentleman adventurers, landless and poor men who wanted to improve finances, in the original settlement, no women, first slaves were brought here from Africa, tobacco was first cultivated as a moneymaking crop by this settlement, first representative of government

question

18th Century

answer

Three fourths of white population was middle class, more social equality than in England, hired farmhands and indentured servants were in lower class, lawyers and merchants were upper class.

question

Townshend Acts

answer

The law the Bostonians protested when soldiers fired on the mobs in the Boston Massacre

question

The Plymouth Colony

answer

Success of the colony sparked a huge migration to the New World from England, signed an agreement among themselves they would have a government based on the church's teachings, came to America seeking freedom from religous persecution

question

Virginia

answer

Nathanial Bacon lead this colony in a rebellion against the colonial government protesting the Government's Indian policy

question

Great Britain

answer

Sought to control colonial trade because it did not want competition with it's own manufacturers

question

The Great Awakening

answer

The colonist gained a sense of independence because they challenged church beliefs, they felt unified because of a common religion, ties between church and state weakened, a greater sense of equality because preachers stressed equality of all

question

Daniel Shays

answer

Led an armed uprising of 1,200 farmers

question

Thomas Paine

answer

Wrote Common Sense

question

Order of Acts

answer

Stamp, Declatory, Townshend, Boston Massacre

question

The French Indian War

answer

Turning point in England's domination over North America (1756- 1763)

question

1763-1776 - Tension Built between America and England

answer

English Mercantile policy discouraged economic independence, Colonial concepts of political and economic freedom, Colonies used boycotts and other measures, Declaration of Independence stated the purposes for the Colonial break with England

question

Stamp Act

answer

(1765) - The first direct tax to be levied on the American colonies, it required that all newspapers, pamphlets, legal documents, commercial bills, advertisements, and other papers issued in the colonies bear a stamp. The act was denounced in the colonies by those it most affected: businessmen, merchants, journalists, lawyers, and other powerful persons

question

Townshend Act

answer

(1767) - taxed many products such as paper, glass and tea

question

Boston Massacre

answer

(1770) - British troops fire on crowd of Bostonians

question

Tea Act

answer

(1773) - The Tea Act, passed by Parliament in May of 1773, would launch the final spark to the revolutionary movement in Boston. The act was not intended to raise revenue in the American colonies, and in fact imposed no new taxes. It was designed to prop up the East India Company which was floundering financially and burdened with eighteen million pounds of unsold tea. This tea was to be shipped directly to the colonies, and sold at a bargain price. The Townshend Duties were still in place, however, and the radical leaders in America found reason to believe that this act was a maneuver to buy popular support for the taxes already in force. The direct sale of tea, via British agents, would also have undercut the business of local merchants

question

Boston Tea Party

answer

(1773) - A group of colonists, led by Samuel Adams, Paul Revere, and others, disguised themselves as Native Americans, boarded English ships on the night of Dec. 16, 1773, and threw the tea into the harbor

question

Intolerable Acts

answer

(1774) - Britain attempts to gain control of the colonies in response to Boston Tea Party by closing the Boston Harbor, enforcing quartering, closing town meetings and trying British citizens in Britain

question

British Army marches on Concord and Lexington

answer

(1775) - Paul Revere, "British are coming...", "Shots heard around the world". The Revolution had begun

question

American Revolution Chronological Order

answer

Stamp Act, Townshend Act, Boston Massacre, Tea Act, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, British March on Concord and Lexington

question

1776 - 1781

answer

The American Revolution was fought to obtain independence

question

Hindered Military Effectiveness

answer

Colonial Armies were underequipped, widespread opposition to fixed military terms

question

George Washington

answer

His leadership turned the tide of the battle

question

The French Alliance

answer

1778 - Brought needed men, equipment and money to American cause

question

Defeat of Cornwallis of Yorktown

answer

1781 - This defeat brought victory to the colonies

question

Articles of Confederation Dates

answer

1781 - 1789

question

Article of Confederation Weaknesses

answer

National Government did not have the power to regulate foreign trade, had no court system, no independent taxing power, could not enforce national laws

question

Constitutional Convention Major Issue

answer

Conflicting interest of small vs large states

question

Antifederalists

answer

Feared a strong central government

question

Articles of Confederation

answer

Were not ratified for four years because Maryland refused to ratify them

question

Northwest Ordinance

answer

Outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory

question

Hamilton, Jay and Madison

answer

Wrote the Federalist Papers

question

1789

answer

The need for a strong central government led to the framing of the constituion in what year

question

Constituion Did (four things)

answer

Federal system which divided fedeal and state power, seperation of powers, and checks and balances to limit power of central government, legislative, executive and judicial branch created to divide power, bill of rights added to protect the people

question

Concurrent Powers

answer

Refers to powers shared by the national government and state governments

question

Reserved Powers

answer

Powers set aside for state governments

question

Delegated Powers

answer

Powers assigned the National Government

question

Amendment to the Constituion Requires

answer

Two thirds vote of Congress and then three fourths vote of the states to ratify

question

Elastic Clause of the Constitution

answer

Allows congress to make laws on issues not mentioned in the Constitution

question

26th Amendment

answer

Gave 18 year olds the right to vote

question

17th Amendment

answer

Senators to be directly elected by the people

question

15th Amendment

answer

Guaranteed black americans the righ to vote

question

2nd & 3rd Amendment

answer

Gave people the right to stand up to Government

question

Preamble

answer

States that the people have the power to establish and change rules

question

War of 1812

answer

War fought between US and Great Britain over neutrality and impressment of US Sailors - US victory, resulted in National pride, self sufficiency, and foreign credibility

question

The New Nationalism - 1816 - 1823

answer

Scope and authority of Supreme Court, The Era of good feelings (political success of the Republican party), The Monroe Doctrine, development of a new American culture

question

1787 - 1823

answer

The New Nation - Alexander Hamilton was part of this era

question

Hamilton's Financial Plan

answer

National Govt paid back state, national, and foreign debts to demonstrate credibility; National Govt encouraged American Business expansion by passing excise tax and a tariff; National Government raised revenue by a tax on domestic whiskey

question

Hamilton's Financial Plan Parties

answer

Federalist Party - Strong central government ruled by manufacturing interests (Hamilton). Favored rich and wealthy Antifederalist Party - limited federal power based on farming interests (Jefferson) believed in worth of the individual

question

Weak

answer

Strength of foreign policy during the early national period

question

Louisiana Purchase

answer

Greatest Real Estate Purchase in U.S. history (1803)

question

Jacksonian Democracy

answer

The rise of the common man. War against the bank and tariff were key issues for the new democratic party; Jackson initiated the spoils system (political enemies are replaced by political friends); Jackson pursued nationalistic policies

question

Whig Party

answer

They opposed the democrats belief in states' rights and instead favored a strong national government.

question

Cotton

answer

Contributed to the growth of slavery

question

The Missouri Compromise

answer

1820 - Limited the spread of slavery

question

The Annexation of Texas

answer

1837 - Added potential slave territory to the United States

question

The Mexican War

answer

1848 - Was criticized as a proslavery, expansionist war

question

The Rise of the New West created...

answer

Transportation, education, politics, mining and agriculture

question

California Geographic Features

answer

Coasts (trading, transportation, Presidio military protection); Mountains: Smaller Valleys: Vast Lands (huge cattle ranches large game in over 1/2 state); Many streams and Rivers (fish were abundent, fertile for crops)

question

Manifest Destiny

answer

This ideology encouraged U.S. expansion to the Pacific

question

1837

answer

Texas annexed to the United States

question

1846

answer

Oregon annexed to the United States

question

Mexican American War

answer

1848 - California, parts of the southwest were gained

question

Sugar Plantations in the West Indies

answer

16th Century - Benefited most from slavery

question

1861 - 1865

answer

Years of the Civil War

question

Reason for Civil War

answer

Individual state rights, slavery, cotton, and the election of Abraham Lincoln as president

question

Civil War - North Power

answer

Manpower, firepower, economic resources

question

Civil war - South Power

answer

Leadership, territory

question

Union Strategy

answer

Isolating the South

question

Battle of Gettysburg

answer

1863 - This battle ended the souths chance of foreign recognition

question

Robert E. Lee

answer

General who commanded the Confederate Army during the Civil War

question

Ulysses S. Grant

answer

General who led the Union Army to victory in the Civil War

question

First Battle of Bull Run

answer

President Lincoln realized the war would be long and hard

question

The Draft

answer

The New York City Riots were protest against

question

Richmond

answer

Capitol of the South

question

Atlanta Victory

answer

Help turned the tide so that Lincoln was able to win a second term in 1864

question

Antietam

answer

Victory gave Lincoln the right moment to make the Emancipation Procolomation

question

Appomatix Courthouse

answer

Lee surrendered to Grant

question

Vicksburg Battle

answer

Meant that the union controlled the entire Mississippi River

question

Washington

answer

Capitol of the North

question

George McClellan

answer

Little Napoleon, suffered several defeats, replaced, put back in command, and replaced again

question

Robert E. Lee surrendered because...

answer

...his troops were trapped by Grant's Army

question

Antietam Battle

answer

Battle that followed the second Bull Run

question

Battle of Gettysburg

answer

Turning point of the war

question

France, Britain

answer

The south asked these two countries for help during the Civil War

question

Chickamauga

answer

Not a victory for Grant

question

Gettysburg

answer

Farthest north the confederates were able to get, called the "High water mark of confederacy"

question

Reconstruction of the South

answer

Presidential plan emphasized tolerance for the defeated South (congress won with radical plan)

question

Reconstruction of the South

answer

Congressional (Radical) plan emphasized the use of military force in treating the South like a conquered territory (congress won over presidential plan)

question

Radical Reconstruction Years

answer

1868 - 1876

question

Bills Passed During Reconstruction

answer

Civil Rights Bills Passed 14th & 15th Amendment

question

President Johnson

answer

Impeached for opposing Radical Reconstruction

question

Setback at the end of Reconstruction

answer

Social justice for blacks, National committment to equal opportunity

question

Sharecroppers

answer

Framers who were provided some land, housing and supplies by white landowners in return for giving landowners a portion of their crops

question

End of Reconstruction

answer

A result of the presidential election of 1876

question

Scalawags

answer

Native white southerners who had opposed secession and who had cooperated with the Republicans during reconstruction

question

Military Reconstruction Acts

answer

Dissolved the government of all the Confederate States except Tennessee and divided the remaining Southern States into five districts

question

Aids to settlement of the West

answer

Homestead Act (1862); Transcontinental Railroad (1869)

question

Western Industrial Base

answer

Mining, cattle, and grain. Farmers and ranchers settled the Great Plains

question

Aided in Industrial Growth of America

answer

Communcation and Transportation

question

Fostered Expansion of Industry

answer

New methods of production (assembly line, mass production); inventions; Expanding markets at home and abroad; Development of steel, mining, electrical, petrolium, textile and food processing industries

question

Robber Baron

answer

Stopped merchant ships and demanded tolls without authorization (12th & 13th centuries); businessman amasssing huge fortunes through unfair business practice (19th century)

question

Laws Dealing with Industrialization

answer

Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890), Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914). The National Labor Relations Act (1935) - collective bargaining rights for employees.

question

Spanish American War

answer

1898 - Resulted in the ceding of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Phillipines to the United States

question

WWI Began

answer

1917

question

End of WWI

answer

Wilsons Fourteen Points, Failure of congress to ratify

question

Great Depression Began

answer

1929

question

Casues of Depression

answer

Growth of monopolies, unequal distribution of income, and overspeculation in the stock market

question

1932 - 1938

answer

Franklin Roosevelt initiated The New Deal

question

The New deal Included

answer

1) Government programs to provide jobs for the unemployed 2) Broadened the scope of the federal government's activities. 3) Permanently expanded the role of the presidency

question

New Frontier Pledge

answer

John F. Kennedy's Pledge was to resolve domestic and cold war problems, expand the Space Program and Civil Rights legislation

question

Lyndon Johnson's Great Society

answer

1964 - It attempted to continue New Deal type programs. Aims were ending poverty, reducing pollution, regenerating urban life, and pursuing Civil Rights legislation

question

Arab-Isreali War (1974)

answer

Created an oil embargo

question

O'Connor, Scalia, Kennedy

answer

Reagan's appointments to the Supreme Court

question

Oil Diplomacy

answer

Redefined American Global Interests

question

Russia, China

answer

President Nixon established better realations with these countries

question

Watergate

answer

1974 - Destroyed the credibility of the American Government

question

1979 - 1981

answer

Iranian Hostage Situation Years

question

1979

answer

Soviets invade Afghanistan

question

Reganomics

answer

Massive federal budget cuts, welfare reduced, personal and corporate taxes reduced, tax plan was characterized as "trickle-down" economics

question

The federal deficit escalated dramatically in the 1980s and threatened the economic stability of the U.S. What 2 things contributed to this?

answer

Trade gap widened. Japan and Germany surpassed the U.S. in automobiles and airlines

question

Pardon of Nixon.....

answer

...ruined Gerald Ford's political future

question

Jimmy Carter's Adminitration Problems

answer

1) Energy Crisis 2) Israel and Egypt signed historic peace treaty, but key problems were left unsolved. 3) Need for alternate sources of energy 4) Detente with Russia suffered serious setbacks 5) Inflation

question

Ronald Reagan

answer

Admistration supported massive build up of the defense program

question

1989

answer

Noriega was removed from Panama through the use of U.S. force in

question

1989

answer

The Tianament Square pro-democracy movement in China occurred in

question

1990

answer

Economic sanctions were lifted against South Africa when it shifted away from apartheid in

question

Factors of the Economic Slowdowof 1988

answer

The GDP dropped. Unemployment increased. The "Big Three" automakers posted record losses. Bankruptcies increased. The Fed lowered interest rates in an attempt to stimulate the economy (1991-1992).

question

Souter and Thomas

answer

Bush Supreme Court appointments

question

1990

answer

Eastern European Communism collapsed in

question

1991

answer

Soviet Union was desolved in

question

1990

answer

The Cold War officially ended at the Bush-Gorbachev Summits in

question

Gasoline, Tobacco, Medicare

answer

Bush raised taxes on these items in 1990 to decrease the decifit

question

300 Billion Dollars

answer

The Savings and Loan bankruptcies resulted in massive federal intervention to cover

question

1990

answer

Hussein invaded Kuwait

question

1991 - 1992

answer

Persian Gulf War

question

Yurok Indians

answer

Villages on lagoons or mouth streams and lower Klamath River. Accumulated wealth, sets of dance regalia and ceremonial gatherings. Distinctive clothing, abundant natural resources, permanent villages. Harvested fish, deer, elk, acorns. Used wood from forest to create homes and household items (stools, storage boxes)

question

Cahuilla

answer

Rabbits and other small game, bows and arrows or nets and snares. Accorns, mequite pods, pinon nuts, and other fruit of cacti. Planeted crops when water sufficient, pottery by coiling narrow ropes of clay.

question

Kumeyaay

answer

Annual migration, in spring gathered budding plans and small game. Harvested dried pipening cactus fruites for winter storage. Moved to higher elevations in August, harvested acorns and pinon nuts before returning to winter villages.

question

Owens Valley Paiute

answer

Small rainfall, vegetation scarce, bands were migratory, shifting from place to place in search of water and food. Men hunted, women gathered seeds, nuts and fruits. Distinctive form of acgricutlre based on communal labor. Created ditches and dams to irrigate various wild plants.

question

Hupa

answer

Social rank on basis of wealth. Retained privledges passing fortunes to next generations. Salmon and acorn diet. Rituals like White Deerskins and Jumping Dances. Dance done to ward off disease and famin. Recite long narratives and display wealthy objects.

question

Tubatulabl

answer

Led by a headman or timiwal. Appointed by council and served for life. Primary counselor, arbritator. Diet of acorns, six differenct species of oaks and pinon nuts. Gathereed from eastern slopes of Sierra Nevada. Small seeds and berries were gathered. Fish were caught in the mountain streams and rivers. Also deer, bear, mountain lion, mounain sheep and antelope.

question

Chumas

answer

Largest villages in CA, some 2000 people. Home of poles driven into the ground and arched in the center, with thatch of interwoven graases and ferns. Brilliant rock paintings, found in caves and on rocks in Southern CA, abstract and highly stylized and imaginative.

question

Yokuts

answer

Fished on canoe shaped rafts, relied heavily on salmon and acorns. Haproons and dragnets to fish. Groves of lvalley oaks, great amounts of acorns for thick suop. San Joaquin Valley, wetlands, birds, duck, geese, elk, antelope.

question

Pomo

answer

Best known as CA basketmakers, twined and coilded ware in many shapes. Otlined with brightly colored feathers, plumes, beads, and shells.

question

Tongva (Gabrielino)

answer

Distinct social class, elite were wealthy individuals and headmen Marriage only in same class.

question

Shasta

answer

River valley villages, families owned their hunting and fishing ground, tobacco plots and oak trees. Real estate passed on through the males. Money was clamshell disks and dentalia.

question

Atsugewi

answer

High value or hard work. Trout and fish gathered with nests in rivers and lakes. Rabbits hunted in groups. Larger game by individuals, trned over kill to village for general use. Sixth days set for rest, Big annual celebration autumnal pakapi or "big time" enoto celebrate enough food for coming winter.

question

Miwok

answer

One of most popular in CA, from Pacific Coast to Sierra nevada. Earth covered homes, in Sierra Nevada houses were three or four layers of bark. Homes near coast were interlocking poles of willow or driftwood. Bunchess of grass or reeds tied in rows to frame.

question

Achumawi

answer

Deer in Noorthern CA, plentfiu. venison and deerskin for clothing. Shamans played a key role, had healing ability from tamakomi, "medicine or power. Half of shamans were women.

question

Maidu

answer

Cluster of three to five small villages around a centraly village. Lands were held in common. Each tribe servered as part of a political organization. the Leader played a fairly minor role exept during time of war or talk of peace.

question

Northwestern Indian Culture

answer

California to Alaska, dense woodlands of redwoods. Great rainfall, social status dertmined by objects, Rich men led, tribes include Yurok , Hupa and Shasta

question

Northeastern Indian Culture

answer

Desolate areas, scare food, hunting small game and seeds and roots. Thinly settled, tribues include Achumawi and Atsugewi.

question

Central Indian culture

answer

Central coast throughout Sacramento and San Joaquin Valley, mild climate and plants and animals abundant. Tribal dress and housing relfected climate. Best basket skills of all, tribes include Yokuts, Miwodk, Maidu, and Pomo.

question

The Great Basin

answer

Most lands along the eastern border of the state. Food and water scacre, tribes had to move frequently in search of food like rats and rabbits. Tribes include, Tubatulabal, and the Owens Valley Paiute.

question

Colorado River Indian Culture

answer

Supplemented their hunting with agrictulre. Grew corn, beans and pumpkins in fertile flood plains. Traded with many tribes, tribes include (Quechan (Yuma) Halchidhoma, Mohave.

question

Southern Indian Culture

answer

Some of most popular tribes in CA, villags along the souther coast, sustained by sea life, as many as two thousand redisents each. Tribes are Kumeyaay (Diegueno), Cahuilla, Tongva, (Gabrielino) and Chumash

question

Miranda vs Arizona - 1966

answer

Criminal supsects must be informed of their miranda rights

question

Marbury vs Madison - 1803

answer

Created Judicial Review, ability to reivew a law for viloations

question

Gideon vs Wainwright - 1963

answer

State courts are required by the 6th and 14th amendments, right to speedy process, counsel

question

Brown vs Board of Education - 1954

answer

Suprmeme court outlawed racial segragation, overrulled seperate but equal.

question

Dred Scott vs Sanford - 1857

answer

Ruled that african americans could never become citizens, in slavery or not.

question

Labor Board vs J&L Steel Corporations - 1937

answer

Declared National Labor Relations (Wagner Act) was constitutional. Greatly increased congress power under Commerce Clause.

question

McCullough vs Maryland - 1819

answer

Eastablished that the constitution grants to conress implied powers inherent in the nature of the Constitution as a blueprint for a practical functioning government, and the state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal Government

question

Plessy vs Ferguson - 1896

answer

Approved racial segregation, seperate but equal

question

New York Times co. vs Sullivan - 1964

answer

Enacted the "malice" standard allowed free reporting

question

Gibbons vs Ogden - 1824

answer

The power to regulate interstate navigation was reserved to congress and trumps the power of the state

question

California Constitution

answer

12 Year term for Supreme Court justices, greater details, greater degree of voter control, in both Houses, representation is based on districts that are determined by size of population, senators serve four year terms

question

Ignored by European Invaders

answer

American Indians agriculture and medical wisdonm

question

Mosiac Law

answer

Greatest contribution of ancient Hebrew civilation to modern western civilation

question

Scalawags

answer

Southern whites who allied with the radicals

question

Carpetbaggers

answer

Northerners who went South to assist in Reconstruction

question

Islam

answer

Most common religion of Arabian civilization

question

Ceremonial Centers in Mesoamerican Cultures

answer

To win favors of the gods, who according to their beleifs, governed the life of mankind and the cycles of nature

question

Philip IV

answer

Christ's own words render taxes to Caesar and delcared to continue resistance to taxes would equal betraying the State and aiding enemies of the state

question

China

answer

Ancient Civiliation that Confucianism originated

question

Copernicus

answer

Proposed the beginning of Europe's Scientific Revolution, that Earth revolved around the sun

question

Fall of rome

answer

Common reason given for the development of Feudalism

question

Billeting Act of 1765

answer

Required colonies to provide quarters and supplies for Royal troops

question

Completion of the Railroad in California

answer

Merchants and manufacturers found themselves suddenly exposed to intense competition for those of eastern cities, loss of jobs with railroad done

question

Comprised of Near East

answer

Tigres, Euphrates Valley, Fertile Crescent, and Nile Vallyez

question

Sugar Act of 1764

answer

Forbade import of rum, duty on molasses , wines, silks, coffee and number of luxury items

question

Postclassic period (800 AD)

answer

Aztecs are from this period in Mesoamerican History

question

Mexican American War

answer

Ended Feb 2, 1848 with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

question

Transcontinental Railroad

answer

Solved the problem of isolation in California 1969

question

Indians

answer

In 1763 a royal proclomation reserved all Western territory between Alleghencies, the Florida's and the Mississippi, and Quebec to be used by the

question

Sun

answer

Central figure in the ancient Inca religion

question

Greece

answer

Epics of Illiad and Odyssey come from

question

Chandragupta Maurya

answer

Created the first unified state in Inida (Indian) history

question

Constantine

answer

In Medieval Europe, the legalization and imperialization of the Christian Faith forever changed the form and function of Christianity by whom

question

3500 - 3000 BC

answer

Mesopotamian Civilization Period

question

Magna Carta

answer

Placed limitations on the Crown

question

Dust Bowl Regugees of 1930's

answer

Grapes of Wrath

question

Nile Valley (3000 BC)

answer

Egyptian Civilation began

question

Sierra Nevada

answer

California's two major mountain ranges are the Coast Ranges and...

question

Declaration of Independence - July 4th 1776

answer

Constitutes legitimate government and under what conditions men were justified in resorting to armed revolution to change it

question

Chinese Confucian Morality

answer

Japan feudalism had as its basis

question

Feudalism, Europe Middle Ages Hiearchial Structure

answer

King, Baron, Bishop, Lord, Peasant

question

Mojave Desert

answer

Largest desert in Calfornia

question

Tories

answer

Political party that wanted close ties with England

question

Plato

answer

Created the first written philosophy

question

Polytheistic

answer

Kushite Religion, Egyptian Religion

question

Rancheros

answer

California 1821 - 1846 dominant institutions were

question

Money, Econcomy

answer

Sounded the Death knell of feudalism

question

Manors

answer

Economic and social units of life in early Middle Ages

question

Mercantilism

answer

Earliest form of Capitalism

question

Japan

answer

A series of Islands

question

Diversity of Native Americans

answer

European settlers to the New World in the 16th & 17th Century often failed to recognize the

question

Buddhism

answer

Religon of ancient Indian (India) civilization

question

Agriculture

answer

Primary economic activity in Arabia

question

Andrew Jackson

answer

In 1829 inaugural address, he set a policy to relocate Eastern Indians

question

Phoenicians

answer

Known for first explorers (1000 BC), traders, colonizers, first alphabet, dominated Mediteranean commerce, exported glass and purple dye

question

Black Code Laws

answer

Prior to Jim Crow Laws, prior to reconstruction

question

Blackfoot

answer

Feather art in the form of a war bonnet

question

Cherokee and Iroquois Art

answer

Decorated pottery and baskets, quiltwork and beadwork, and wood ritual masks

question

Paved Roads

answer

Romans were first civilization to build..

question

Check their Westward Expansion

answer

The French threatened not only the British Empire, but the American colonists for holding the Mississippi Valley, Franch could...

question

India

answer

Indus River played a central part in this civilizations history

question

Caucus (political system)

answer

An informal meeting of party leaders who decide which candidates they will support

question

Democracy

answer

Greatest contribution from ancient Greece to Western Civilization

question

Tan Dynasty

answer

One of China's greatest dynasties

question

Xia

answer

China's first dynasty

question

Scientific Revolution in Pre-Modern Europe

answer

Europes Renaissance, Age of Discovery, Copernican Revolution

question

Chavin

answer

Earliest sophisticated culture of the Andean Highland civilization

question

Stamp Act

answer

No taxation without representation

question

Beaver

answer

Animal that became synonymous with the fur trade in the first half of the 19th century

question

Primary factor that allowed Missouri to become a slave state in 1821

answer

The admission of Maine as a free state preserved the slave state/free state balance in the senate

question

Declaration of Sentiments, Seneca Falls

answer

"We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men and women are created equal....."

question

The Colorado River

answer

Water distribution system that provides water to the Imperial Valley

question

Connected by El Camino Real

answer

Common characteristic that linked missions, presidios, and pueblos

question

Made Indians citizens of Mexico

answer

After Mexico defeated the Spanish and gained control of California, the Mexican goverment....

question

Cattle ranching

answer

Prior to Mexican American war, the most important industry in California was (1821 - 1848)

question

"We can do it" poster of a woman

answer

Campaign to encourage women to sek work in wartime industrial plants

question

Los Angeles in 1960-2000 became the new "Ellis Island"

answer

Background of immigrants had same identifying factors that were associated with the immigration to Ellis Island in the early 20th century

question

Chinese

answer

Group that historically experienced the most discrimination (California Constitution statutes)

question

GEOGRAPHICAL SETTINGS OF THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS OF ASIA AND AFRICA

answer

River Valleys where there was an abudance of fertile soil and fresh water

question

Relations among social groups

answer

Hinduism strongly influenced ancient indian civilation through

question

Kush

answer

Annual floods, enriched lands for farming and cattle, timber and iron ore deposits, capital on major trade routes, riches from gold and emerald mines

question

The Legal code of france

answer

Influence of ancient Rome on later development of European civilization

question

Decline of the Roman empire

answer

Political instability and use of mercenary armies undermined the security of the empire

question

The code of chivalry in European Knights

answer

Political instability and use of mercenary armies undermined the security of the empire

question

Emergence of Universities

answer

Catholic churches influenced development in medieval Europe

question

GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS INDLUENCE ON INCA CIVILIZATIONS BETWEN 11TH AND 15TH CENTURIES

answer

The mountains of western South American were an impediment to building an empire, prompting the development of sophisticated engineering technologies

question

Discover westward route to Asia

answer

Voyage of exploration commanded by John Cabot, Jacques Cartier, and Henry Hudson

question

Massachusettes Bay

answer

Establishment of a colony to create a Bible commonwealth

question

Significant major development in American Revolution

answer

Patriot victory at Battle of Saratoge (1777) prompted by France to sign a treaty with American leaders

question

Articles of confederation designed to

answer

Protect sovereignty of the states

question

Union Advantage

answer

Strong manufacturing base

question

Confederate Advantage

answer

More experienced officer corps

question

Protect sovereignty of the states

answer

1876 Election

question

Immigration Reform Act 1965

answer

Substantial increase in Asian population

question

Aircraft industry/WWII

answer

Industry major turning point in California

question

Primary factor of collapse of Aztec and Inca Empires

answer

Lack of resistance to European disease disseminated the populations

question

Development of early Mesopotamia Civilizations

answer

Irrigation projects in the barren southern plains, agricultural advances, much food, allowed civilization to develop

question

The Qin Dynasty

answer

Created Great Wall of China, use of currency, weight and measure standardized, tomb of terra-cotta army

question

Impact of Industrial Revolution on Europe

answer

Division of defined classes, merchant middle class

question

The counter-Reformation

answer

Founding of the Society of Jesus, revival of the inquisition, estblishment of the Index of Prohibited Book, Adherence to the Council of Trent

question

Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam

answer

Religions established in China as a result of the cross-cultural contact associated with the Silk Road

question

Geographical factors that accounted for emergence of Byzantium as a powerful trading empire

answer

Constantinople controlled both the Mediterranan Sea and the Black Sea trade routes

question

Influence of Islamic scholarship development of European civilization during the middle ages

answer

Introduction of new math concepts such as algebra and calculus

question

Positive result of the war in 1812

answer

American industry propspered when trade was restricted by the British during the war

question

Central focus of lewis and clark expedition

answer

to gain an accurate sense of the resources being exchanged in the Louisiana Purchase

question

Mechanisms by which Islam has spread throughout history

answer

Military conquest and trade incentives

question

Renaissance

answer

Period of European hisotry that produced advances in science that revolutionalized of Earths's place wtihin the universe

question

Taoism

answer

Chinese philosophical system that emphasizes living in balance with the natural world, everything has its place yin and yang

question

Buddhism

answer

Emphasizes mindfulness of an orderly society

question

Hinduism

answer

Practiced primarily in India and very little in China

question

Economics

answer

Law of supply and demand

question

Search of a Sea route to Asia

answer

Driving force of explorations of Americas

question

Mercantilism

answer

Practiced by European nations in an effort to assure properity by regulating and coordinting the production of goods, while protecting domestic economies from foreign competition.

question

Socialism

answer

Economic philosophy espoused by Karl Marx that distributes wealth to the workers that produce it

question

Communism

answer

Extends socialistic redistribution of wealth by the state to include government control in social and political areans as well

question

Barter

answer

An informal system of the exchange of goods and services among individuals

question

The Steam Engine

answer

Invention that launched the industrial age

question

Mayflower Compact

answer

First declaration of self-government in the new world

question

No taxation without representation

answer

Washington D.C. shares this complaint

question

Democratic-Republicans

answer

George Mason in objections to the constituion represented which group

question

Slavery

answer

Missouri Compromise of 1820 was designed to resolve conflict in this area

question

Blockade Southern ports

answer

Union used Naval force most effectively to

question

Amerindians

answer

The Homestead Act of 1862 led to a displacement of this group

question

Sherman Antitrust Act 1890

answer

Restrict growth of corporations

question

Advances in transportation and communication

answer

Greatest effect on the growing political, economic and social cohesion of the US during the last half of the 19th century

question

Bowl and Basket Weaving

answer

Shared by geographically seperated native California people in pre-columbian times

question

Hydraulic Mining

answer

Enviornmentally destructive mining process in the Gold Rush and wound down in 1853

question

Work on the Transcontinental Railroad

answer

Attracted the largest number of Chinese immigrants to US after gold rush

question

Popular Sovereignty

answer

1911 new California State Legislation inspired by the national progressive movement

question

Angel Island

answer

California's "Ellis Island" entry point for many European immigrants to US

question

Dust Bowl

answer

Caused a wave of immigration into California in the 1930's

question

Salton sea

answer

Imperial Valley water flow from Colorado River, tried to increase water flow and the flood created the

question

Lake Shasta, Lake Arrowhead

answer

Manmade lakes

question

Mono Lake

answer

Natural lake that has been threatened by the water needs of L.A.

question

The Great Depression

answer

WPA Central Valley Project irrigated large portions of the central valley at expense of wetlands to the north, US government response to which event

question

WPA (Works Projects Administration)

answer

Federal Government response to the Great Depression, overwhelming unemployment and need for public works. Many dams and large sclae projects, Central Valley Project, Shasta Dam (second largest dam in the US, after Hoover dam - also WPA project)

question

Greeks

answer

Credited with first implementation of democracy into government (citizens held public meetings, pass law, choose officials) No slaves, women or foreigners

question

Egyptians

answer

Hieroglyphics

question

Sumerians

answer

First written language

question

Babylonians

answer

Hammurabi - The first written code of law

question

American civilizations in chronological order

answer

Olmec, Mayan, Toltec, Aztec

question

Sale of indulgences

answer

Caused the Protestant Reformation

question

Buddhism

answer

Belief in reincarnation, belief that through meditation one can frind freedom from suffering and enter Nirvana, respect for all living creatures

question

Religious book of Islam

answer

Koran

question

Vasco da Gama

answer

First European explorer to reach Inida by sea

question

Juan Cabrillo

answer

First European explorer to reach coastal California (1542)

question

Ferdinand Magellan

answer

First European explorer to circumnavigate the globe

question

Francisco de Coronado

answer

Explored area that was to become the southwest of US (1540)

question

Ponce de Leon

answer

Explored Florida in 1513, claimed area for spain

question

Puritan

answer

Most closely associated with the development of a theocracy in America

question

Puritan New England

answer

Theocracy, a governemtn by ecclesiastical authorities, civil authority residing with clergy.

question

Three original state constitutions required

answer

Land ownership and wealth were prerequisites to direct involvement in the government

question

Direct result of the contested presidentelection of 1876

answer

Federal troops were withdrawn from the South, ending Reconstruction

question

Associated with the industrialization of the United States

answer

The trade-union movement, government protection of management through the use of court injunctions, the growth of suburbs, the dehumanizing aspects of technological innovations

question

San Francisco to Lake Tahoe Geographical Features

answer

Coast Range, Central Valley, Sierra Nevada

question

Mining practice that had the greatest negative impact on both farmers and steamboat companies

answer

Hydraulic mining

question

Chumash

answer

Used tar to waterproof their canoes

question

Primary purpose of the Mission System

answer

To maintain self-sufficient agricultural economy that produced a food surplus

question

Most serious objection to the Japanese relocation plan in CA

answer

Without evidence of disloyalty it demonstrated that constitutional safeguards could be rendered ineffective in wartime

question

Governor of CA has this right, but President of US does not

answer

Power to veto specific sections of a spending bill

question

Primary reason for dramatic Mexican population increase in CA

answer

They replaced the Japanese as low-paid agricultural workers

question

Change of date of presidential primaries from March to February in CA

answer

to provide a greater voice in determining national politics

question

Declaration of Sentiments and Resolution

answer

To link the demands of women to the greivance of the Revolutionary generation

question

Center region of US (minus texas)

answer

The United States obtained posession of this region in an 1846 treaty with Great Britian

question

An important development in CA society during Mexican rule 1821-1848

answer

Growing criticism of the mission system prompted efforts to transfer mission holding into private hands

question

Latino political power grew largely in 1990

answer

Growing proportion of Latinos in CA population

question

Associated withe end of antiquity

answer

The Roman Empire

question

Features of ancient India

answer

Influenced by Hinduism, underwent waves of invasion from Persia and Asia, divided into multiple regions

question

Fluid social structure

answer

Not a feature of ancient Inida

question

Birth oF Civilization atributed to

answer

Transiton of hunting and gathering to agriculture in early Mespotamia

question

European Society under feudalism

answer

Granting land use within a fief, ceremonies of homage and fealty, vassals commitment to provide military service to a lord

question

NOT a feature of European society under feudalism

answer

Gold over land assets as currency

question

Influenced by christianity

answer

Sanctification of knighthood, the sacking of Constantinople and other parts of Asia minor, the waning of the practice of alchemy as a medicine

question

Alchemy

answer

Attempt to change base metals into gold

question

Characteristics of the European Renissance

answer

A revival of learning based on classical sources, development of highly realistic linear perspective in art, discarding of the Aristolean "final cause" in favor of scientific method

question

NOT characteristic of european Renissance

answer

Great advances in the field of metal making

question

Laissez-Faire

answer

Free market capitalism

question

Maya Indians

answer

A polytheistic society located in Central America that made great advances in science and mathematics, but collapsed due to unknown causes

question

Massachusetts

answer

British colony founded by puritans seeking to create a new, pure church in the americas

question

French Indian War Victory

answer

British acquired Florida as a result

question

Reasons for American Revolution

answer

Freedom of religion, commercial considerations, overpopulation

question

Middle Passage

answer

Portion of the triangular trade route used in the Atlantic slave trade

question

Factors that led to American Revolution

answer

Forced quartering of British soldiers, excessive tarriffs, Intolerable acts

question

Principle of Dec. of Independence

answer

Enlightenment concepts such as natural law and self-determination, dissolving allegiances to the British crown, clear listing of the colonies, reasons for rebellion

question

US Constitution differed from Articles of Confederation

answer

I provided for a strong central government and federal taxation

question

Products of the Industrial Revolution

answer

Development of new weaving and ironworking techniques, vast expansion and improvement in the roads and waterways, greatly increased prosperity and political power for middle class

question

The Gentleman's Agreement - 1907

answer

Most restricted Japanes immigration to US

question

Contributed to dramatic population increase in CA

answer

CA land boom (1880's), gold rush (1850), the great depression (1930's)

question

United States and CA governments similar

answer

Both have executive, judicial and legislative branch

question

Industry most damaged by spending cutbacks in 1970

answer

Aerospace

question

Egypt and Mesopatamia

answer

Both a bureaucratically administered state

question

Mycenaeans

answer

Agean civilization developed a flourishing culture as a direct result of trade and commerce on the Aegean Sea

question

China

answer

Yellow river

question

Mesopotamiia

answer

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

question

Egypt

answer

Nile River

question

Hellenistic age

answer

Fusion of Greek and Eastern cultures, increase in international trade and commerce, end of the Greek city-state system as a major political setting

question

Russia's desire to expand in the direction of the Ottoman Empire

answer

Gain permanent access to the Mediterranean Sea

question

Feudalism in the early Middle Ages

answer

No formal countries, but the fiefdom held economic and political power

question

Europe referred to as Christendom during Middle Ages

answer

Church became the preserver of civilization in both political and religious life

question

Scientist that supported heliocentric (sun centered) theory of solar system

answer

Galileo

question

Industrial Revolution in England

answer

Large quanitites of coal and iron, rapid increase in middle class, large supply of cheap labor

question

John Locke's assumption of natural laws contrasted

answer

Absolutism

question

Economic system facilitates Darwinism

answer

Capitalism

question

Spain

answer

Initial control of Southwest of N. America and Florida

question

France

answer

Initial control of Mississippi River, Louisiana Territory, Great Lakes, Canada

question

No founded as a result of religious persecution

answer

Georgia

question

Founded as a result of religious persecution

answer

Maryland, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania

question

Why French aidid the English during American Revolution

answer

France viewed the revolution as a means to gain territory at the expense of Britain, France wanted to limit the economic growth of England, France and England were already at war on the European continent

question

Declaration of Independence

answer

Ideals of social contract borrowed heavily from John Locke

question

Federalism practiced in early Republic

answer

Local governments are sovereign in matters of local concern

question

Northeast section of the U.S. opposed to 1812 war

answer

Because of the expansionist goals of the West

question

Fundamental concept of Magna Carta in American law

answer

The concept of religious freedom

question

Major military strategy of North based on dividing the south

answer

Mississipppi River

question

True of Andrew Johnson's presidency during reconstruction

answer

Vetoed numerous Radical Republican congressional acts

question

Emergence of National Parties in US

answer

Federalist, Democratic, Whig, Republican

question

Economic development of American west during 19th century

answer

Barbed wire

question

Main immigrants to US from 1840 - 1880

answer

Northern and Western Europe

question

Northeast industrial expansion before Civil War

answer

Abundant natural resources, access to Great Lakes and ports of foreign shipments, availability of cheap labor

question

CA Indians prior to European contact

answer

CA had greatest concentration of Indians in N. America

question

Gold rush created statehood, impacted landscape of US because

answer

Temprary resolution to the free/slave state controversey

question

Majority of native Californians lived in or near

answer

Central Valley and the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada

question

Cesar Chavez - Political reforms in

answer

Unionization of migrant farm workers

question

Hiram Johnson as governor of CA, progessive movement failed to ahceive these reforms

answer

Adding amendments to the CA constitution to protect workers rights, passage of initiative, referendum, and recall, establishing a railroad commision

question

Native Californian who became president

answer

Richard Nixon

question

CA state flower

answer

Golden Poppy

question

CA state tree

answer

Redwood

question

CA state freshwater fish

answer

Golden Trout

question

CA state bird

answer

Quail

question

Greatest increase in migratio to CA

answer

1940 - 1950

question

Olmec

answer

1200-400BC

question

Maya

answer

AD 250 - 900

question

Aztec

answer

1325 AD - 1521 AD

question

Inca

answer

AD 1200 - 1533

CSET Multiple Subjects – History and Social Science Vocabulary – Flashcards

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