Criminology Chapter 3 STUDY GUIDE – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Classical School of Criminology
answer
is based on the assumption that individuals choose to commit crimes after weighing the consequences of their actions.
question
Positivist School of Criminology
answer
declares that human behavior is determined by forces beyond individual control.
question
Who is Cesare Beccaria?
answer
He wrote "On Crime and Punishment" and is known as the "Father of Modern Criminology"
question
T or F? Was Jeremy Bentham's work guided by utilitarian principals?
answer
True
question
Darwin's ____________ provided the next generation of criminologists with the tools they needed to challenge classical criminology
answer
origin of species
question
What is Physiognomy?
answer
is the study of facial features and their relation to human behavior.
question
What is Phrenology?
answer
says that bumps on the head were indications of psychological propensities.
question
Lombroso's ____________ replaced the concept of free will with the concept of determinism
answer
The Criminal Man
question
Cesare Lombroso argued that the _____________ was distinguishable by atavistic stigmata
answer
"Born Criminal"
question
According to ___________ , an individual born with any _________________________________________is a born criminal.
answer
1. Lombroso 2. 5 Various atavistic stigmata
question
The major challenge to Lombrosian theory came from the work of __________________.
answer
Charles Goring
question
The somatotypes school of criminology differentiated three principle types of physiques, which are the 3 physiques?
answer
The 3 physiques are; the asthenic, the athletic, and the pyknic.
question
____________________ brought the somatotype school to the United States. The three types Sheldon formulated are , ____________, __________________, and _________________.
answer
1. William Sheldon 2. Ectomorph, endomorph, and mesomorph
question
According to Sheldon ______________ one of the somatotypes is most likely to be involved in illegal behavior
answer
mesomorph
question
__________is acknowledged as America's first forensic psychiatrist.
answer
Isaac Ray
question
_______________ described the concept of moral insanity.
answer
Henry Maudsley
question
Among the first scholars to disclaim the free will doctrine of the classical school of thought were ____________________ and ______________________.
answer
Adolphe Quetelet and Michel Guerry.
question
One of the earliest sociological theories of criminal behavior was formulated by ____________________.
answer
Gabriel Tarde
question
The most important of Durkheim's numerous contributions to contemporary sociology is his concept of _________.
answer
anomie
question
The ___________ school of criminology is based on the assumption that individuals choose to commit crimes after weighing the consequences of their actions.
answer
Classical
question
___________________________'s work was not governed by utilitarian principles.
answer
Cesare Beccaria
question
Bentham proposed the "___________________" to explain how people decide whether to commit a crime or not.
answer
"felicific calculus"
question
The science of __________________ posited that bumps on the head were indications of psychological propensities.
answer
Phrenology
