question

Classical theorists believe that a crime was an expression of a person's

answer

rational decision making process

question

Social conflict theory focuses on

answer

power

question

Social conflict theories view criminal behavior as a result of contact with deviant family and friends.

answer

false

question

Cesare Beccaria is referred to as the father of criminology.

answer

false

question

For the positivist, behavior is

answer

beyond the control of the individual

question

Trait theories suggest that certain biological or psychological traits can trigger criminal behavior in certain circumstances.

answer

true

question

Choice theorists believe the key to controlling crime is deterrence

answer

true

question

Social disorganization theory holds that crime is largely related to the quality of neighborhoods.

answer

true

question

The research published in Delinquency in a Birth Cohort asserted that ________ of juvenile offenders were responsible for the majority of violent crime.

answer

6%

question

iochemical explanations of misbehavior include all of the following except

answer

ADD

question

Self-control is an important variable in life course criminology.

answer

true

question

The Chicago School showed a correlation between crime and

answer

neighborhood conditions

question

Social conflict theory includes

answer

issues of power and wealth

question

The theory that people adapt to the values of the subculture to which they belong is

answer

cultural deviance authority

question

Which of the following is consistent with control theory? a.individuals must be taught to commit illegal activities b. Individuals commit crimes after being labeled by society. c. Individuals are restrained from offending by their relationships between parents and peers. d. Offenders learn deviant values from parents and peers

answer

individuals are restrained from offending by their relationships between parents and peers

question

Wolfgang, Figlio, and Sellin asserted that a small group of juveniles, 9 percent, were responsible for a disproportionate amount of violent crime

answer

true

question

Which of the following is not a main branch of social process theory? a. Control theory b. Learning theory c. Labeling theory d. Deviance theory

answer

deviance

question

The belief that illegal drug abusers are a danger to society and should be punished accordingly is consistent with

answer

the criminal model of addiction

question

Strain results from the lack of available means to achieve life goals.

answer

true

question

Strain theory has its roots in the concept of

answer

anomie.

question

Rational choice theory is an updated version of

answer

classical theory

question

Labels applied by the justice system can only improve life.

answer

false

question

To understand the basics of addiction and physical dependence, one must understand the role of

answer

dopamine on the brain

question

A correlation demonstrates a cause of behavior.

answer

false

question

All of the following are true according to Beccaria, except that a. The more swift and certain a punishment is, the more effective it will be b. Fear of punishment can deter the choice to commit crime c. All decisions are the result of rational choice d. Punishment must be designed to diagnose and treat the underlying causes of criminal behavior

answer

Punishment must be designed to diagnose and treat the underlying causes of criminal behavior

question

dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain which is highly correlated with addiction and physical dependency.

answer

true

question

The criminal model of addiction asserts that drug abusers endanger society with their behavior and should be punished the same as those who commit non-drug-related offenses.

answer

true

question

Utilitarianism involves the calculation of pain and pleasure.

answer

true

question

Which of the following is a social process theory? a. Life course theory b. Strain theory c. Labeling theory d. Social disorganization theory

answer

labeling theory

question

Practitioners of life course criminology assert that the strongest predictors of future criminal behavior can be found by evaluating

answer

childhood behaviors

question

The continuity of theory of crime asserts that once negative behaviors have been established they cannot be changed.

answer

true

question

The idea that certain people are more likely to be victims of crime than others is called

answer

repeat victimization

question

Which model holds that substance abusers are forced into petty crime to feed their addictions?

answer

medical

question

When considering the relationship between drugs and crime, the systemic model asserts that

answer

violence is a by-product of the interpersonal relationships within the drug-using community

question

Gottfredson and Hirschi believe that low self-control can be primarily attributed to

answer

poor parenting

question

Routine activities theory includes all of the following elements except a. repeat victimization. b. a likely offender. c. absence of a capable guardian. d. a suitable target.

answer

repeat victimization

question

Labeling an individual

answer

affects one's self concept

question

In Bentham's classical criminology, punishment aims to

answer

give an incentive not to harm people.

question

tudies indicate that individuals with low self -control are at a greater risk of victimization.

answer

true

question

_________________ is widely referred to as "the father of criminology."

answer

Cesare Lombroso.

question

5 main types of theories for causes of crime

answer

choice trait sociological social conflict social process

question

Beccaria's 3 truths

answer

all decisions are the result of rational choice fear and punishment acts as a deterrent more swift the punishment the more effective deterrent

question

Bentham, people are government by

answer

pleasure and pain

question

Utilitarian theory: punishment has 4 goals

answer

1. prevent crime 2. offender commit lesser crime to avoid punishment 3. give offender incentive not to harm others in crime 4. prevent crime at the least possible cost to society

question

choice theories: severe punishment

answer

can deter criminal activity

question

trait theories

answer

biological and psychological traits incline them toward criminal behavior in certain circumstances

question

agressive behavior related to

answer

neurotransmitters in brain

question

criminal behavior in males can be linked to

answer

hormone testosterone

question

Freud's psychoanalytic theory

answer

examining criminal behavior role of unconscious id ego superego

question

social psychology

answer

focuses on human behavior in how we relate to one another

question

Trait theories suggest that antisocial behavior should be

answer

ID'd and treated before it manifests in first time or further criminal activity

question

social disorganization theory

answer

high crime areas that are characterized by disorganization breakdown of tradition institutions of social controls (family, school) street families v. decent families

question

strain theories

answer

people are mad because they are in poverty, face racial discrimination or don't achieve goals so they commit crimes

question

strain theory

answer

has its root in anomie

question

general strain theory

answer

examines the factors that combine with strain to result in offending

question

cultural theory

answer

asserts that people adapt to the subculture to which they belong

question

social disorganization theories suggest that changing community conditions can prevent crime with gov't programs to

answer

decrease unemployment reduce poverty improve educational facilities

question

social process theory

answer

all about the family, friends and media influence on an individual are daily interactions

question

learning theory

answer

sees crime as a learned behavior teacher is usually family or friend

question

control theory

answer

don't commit crimes because they care more about what family and friends will say

question

labeling theory

answer

if you label someone as a criminal they are more likely to be one

question

social conflict theories

answer

power is key component to explaining crime

question

life course theories

answer

behavioral patterns are developed in childhood and predict that behavior in the future

question

general theory of crime

answer

criminal behavior is linked to low self control

question

the theory of repeat victimization suggests

answer

that the strongest predictor of future victimization is past victimization

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