Criminology Ch.I.

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Criminology
answer
The scientific study of the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior. -scientific approach to studying criminal behavior
question
Criminological enterprise
answer
The areas of study and research that taken together make up the firld of criminology. Criminologists typically specialize in one of the subareas of criminology, such as victimology or the sociology of law
question
Conflict View
answer
The view that human behavior is shaped by interpersonal conflict and that those who maintain social power will use it to futher their own needs.
question
Moral entrepreneurs
answer
Interest groups that attempt to control social life and the legal order in such a way as to promote their own personal set of moral values. People who use their influence to shape the legal process in ways they see fit
question
Substantive criminal law
answer
The branchof the law that defines crimes and their punishment. it incolces such issues as the mental and physical elements of crime, crime categories and criminal defense
question
stalking statuses
answer
Laws that prohibit \"the willful, malicious, and repeated following and harassing of another person.\"
question
First-degree murder
answer
Defined as an unlawful killing that is both willful and premediatated
question
burglary
answer
entry into a building illegally with intent to commit a crime
question
misdemeanor
answer
*Less serious offenses punished by less than a year in jail
question
Crime typology
answer
The study of criminal behavior incolving research on the links between different types of crime and criminals.
question
Social harm
answer
A view that behaviors harmful to other people and society in general must be controlled. These acts are usually outlawed, but some acts that cause enormous amounts of social harm are perfectly legal, such as the consumption of tobacco and alcohol.
question
Common law
answer
Early English law, developed by judges, that incorporated Anglo-Saxon tribal custom, feudal rules and practices, and the everyday rules of behavior of local villages -Common law became the standardized law of the land in England and eventually formed the basis of the criminal law in the US
question
Procedural Criminal law
answer
Those laws that set out the basic rules of practice in the criminal justice system -Rules of evidence -law of arrest -the law of search and seizure, -questions of appeal -jury selection -right to counsel
question
crime
answer
an action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law
question
voluntary manslaughter
answer
the killing of human being in which the offender had no prior intent to kill and acted during \"the heat of passion,\" under circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to become emotionally or mentally disturbed
question
larceny
answer
Theft of personal property
question
scientific method
answer
Using verifiable principles and procedures for the systematic acquisition of knowledge; typically involves formulating a problem, creating a hypothesis, and collectind date through observation and experiment to verify the hypothesis.
question
consensus view
answer
The belief that the majority of citizens in a society share common ideals and work toward a common good and that crimes are acts that are outlawed because they conflict with the rules of the mojority and are harmful to society
question
deviant behavior
answer
Behavior that departs from the social norm
question
male in se
answer
Acts that are outlawed becase they violate basic moral values, such as rape, murder, assault and robbery
question
actus reus
answer
* The criminal act itself
question
social theory
answer
Framework of empirical evidence used to study and interpret social phenomena
question
assault
answer
make a physical attack on
question
felony
answer
* Generally refers to offenses punishable by a year or more in a state or federal prison
question
victimology
answer
Studying the role of the victim in crime
question
interactionist view
answer
The view that ones perception of reality is significantly influenced by ones interpretations of the reactions of others to similar events and stimuli
question
mala prohibitum
answer
Acts that are outlawed because they clash with current norms and public opinion, such as tax, traffic, and drug laws.
question
mens rea
answer
the criminal intent, or guilty mind
question
Megan's Law
answer
law enforcement authorities are to make information available to the public regarding registered sex offenders
question
Robbery
answer
the action of robbing a person or place
question
Penology
answer
the study, theory and practice of prison management and rehabilitation
question
Explain Crime typology
answer
Because people often disagree about types of crimes and criminal motivation, no standard exists with the field. Some typologies focus on the criminal, suggesting the existence of offender groups, such as professional criminals, psychotic criminals, occasional criminals, and so on. Others focus on the rimes, clustering them into categories such as property crimes, sex crimes and so on.
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New