Criminalistics Chapter 9 – Flashcards
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Anything that has mass and occupies space is defined as [blank].
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matter
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The basic building blocks of all substances are the [blank].
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elements
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The number of elements know today is [blank].
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118
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An arrangement of elements by similar chemical properties is accomplished in the [blank] table.
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periodic
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An [blank] is the smallest particle of an element that can exist.
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atom
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Substances composed of two or more elements are called [blank].
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compounds
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A [blank] is the smallest unit of a compound formed by the union of two or more atoms.
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molecule
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The physical state that retains a definite shape and volume is a [blank].
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solid
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A gas (has, has no) definite shape or volume.
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has no
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During the process of [blank], solids go directly to the gaseous state, by passing the liquid state.
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sublimation
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The attraction forces between the molecules of a liquid are (greater, less) than those in a solid.
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less
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Different [blank] are separated by definite visible boundaries.
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phase
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Mass per unit volume defines the property of [blank].
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density
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If an object is immersed in a liquid of greater density, it will (sink, float).
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float.
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The bending of a light wave because of a change in velocity is called [blank].
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refraction
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The physical property of [blank] is determined by the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to light's velocity in a substance.
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refractive index
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T/F : Solids having an orderly arrangement of their constituent are crystalline.
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True
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Solids that have their atoms randomly arranged are said to be [blank].
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amorphous
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The crystal calcite has two indices of refraction. The difference between these two values is known as [blank].
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birefringence
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The process of separating light into its component colors or frequencies is know as [blank].
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dispersion
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T/F : Color is usually an indication that substances selectively absorb light.
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True
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The distance between two successive identical points on a wave is known as a [blank].
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wavelength
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T/F : Frequency and wavelength are directly proportional to one another.
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False
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Light, x-ray, and radio waves are all members of the [blank] spectrum.
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electomagnetic
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Red light is (high, lower) in frequency than violet light.
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lower
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A beam of light that has all of its waves pulsating in unison is called a [blank].
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laser
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One model of light depicts it as consisting of energy particles known as [blank].
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photons
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T/F : The energy of a light particle (photon) is directly proportional to its frequency.
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True
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Red light is (more, less) energetic than violet light.
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less
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A hard, brittle, amorphous substance composed mainly of silicon oxide is [blank].
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glass
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The two most useful physical properties of glass for forensic comparison are [blank] and [blank].
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density/refractive index
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T/F : Automobile headlights and heat-resistant glass, such as Pyrex, are manufactured with lime oxide added to the oxide mix.
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True
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[Blank] glass fragments into small squares, or 'dices' with little splintering when broken.
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Tempered
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[Blank] glass gains added strength from a layer of plastic inserted between two pieces of ordinary window glass; it is used in automobile windshields.
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Laminated
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Comparing the relative densities of glass fragments is readily accomplished by a method known as [blank].
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flotation
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When glass is immersed in a liquid of similar refractive index, its [blank] disappears and minimum contrast between the glass and liquid is observed.
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beck line
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The fracture lines radiating outward from a crack in glass are known as [blank] fractures.
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radial
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A crater-shaped hole in glass is (narrower, wider) on the side where the projective entered the glass.
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narrower
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T/F : It is easy to determine from the size and shape of a hole in glass whether it was made by a bullet or some other projectile.
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False
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A fracture line (will, will not) terminate at an existing line fracture.
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will
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Glass fracture lines that encircle that hole in the glass are known as [blank] fractures.
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concentric
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Collected glass fragment evidence should be packaged in [blank] containers to avoid further breakage.
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solid
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Glass-containing shoes and/or clothing should be individually wrapped in [blank] and transmitted to the laboratory.
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paper
