Criminal Investigations – Flashcards
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unsatisfactory witnesses
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As a rule, cold, sleepy, hungry, or physically uncomfortable persons prove to be
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Right-to-counsel and self-incrimination
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Which constitutional guarantees are addressed in the Escobedo and Miranda cases?
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United States v. Lee
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In which U.S. Supreme Court case was the totality of the circumstances test first utilized?
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Computer Voice Stress Analysis.
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What device denotes micro variations in the audible and non-audible portions of speech?
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McNabb - Mallory.
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Which U.S. Supreme Court cases set forth the requirements for the delay-in-arraignment rule?
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that a confession received as a result of physical brutality and violence by the police was not admissible in court.
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The first notable incidence of Supreme Court intervention into interrogation practices came about in Brown v. Mississippi, in 1936. The major decision of the Supreme Court in this case was
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ensure that few or no objects are between them and the suspect
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When conducting an interrogation, the interrogator should
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Deception indicated, no deception indicated and inconclusive
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The three most common findings by a polygraph examiner are
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why not
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Interrogatory questions include all of the following categories except:
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NIBRS
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The ________ is administered by the FBI and provides detailed, descriptive information about criminal offenses.
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It is a waste of time. Entries may conflict some way with one another. It may call your credibility into question.
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Why should you not repeat facts more than once in a report?
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no less frequently than every 10 days.
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Supplementary reports should be written
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The person assigned responsibility for the case must complete a supplemental report to substantiate the basis for inactivation.
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What is required when a case is inactivated?
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Submit mug shots from the field to a database to confirm the identity of a suspect.
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Mobile Computer Terminals (MCT) have reduced demands on the overcrowded voice channels and enhanced officer safety. Which of the following is not one of the advantages/functions of a MCT?
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Traffic.
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Ipads are particularly useful in which type of enforcement activity.
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Physical and email addresses. Telephone, cell-phone, and pager numbers. Occupation.
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Which of the following should be routinely recorded in a report?
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solvability factors.
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Questions that must be answered by an investigative supervisor in determining whether or not to move forward on an investigation are referred to as
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arrest information on the suspect.
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Information that is needed before conducting a neighborhood canvass includes all of the following except
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surveillance.
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Establishing the existence of a violation, obtaining probable cause for a search warrant and preventing crime are all considered effective uses of
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end-user needs.
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The intelligence/analytical cycle is driven by
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criminal profiling.
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The process of inferring distinctive personality characteristics of individuals responsible for committing crimes has commonly been referred to as
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Assigned investigator.
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With regard to guidelines for photo and live lineups, to the extent possible, which of the following should not be present?
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staff briefings.
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One method by which crime analysts can disseminate information is through
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investigative purposes public information purposes administrative purposes
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The police have been quick to use the internet for
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quality, proximity, and timeliness.
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The effectiveness of crime laboratory services can be measured in terms of
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scientifically valid
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The Daubert case stands for the proposition that for scientific evidence to be admissible in court, it must be
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the body of the cell.
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Mitochondrial DNA is found in
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Ballistic
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The NIBIN program compares images of which type of evidence?
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thorough accreditation.
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Problems identified in crime labs in the United States involve all of the following except
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a computer system linking local, state, and federal agencies to share DNA analysis information.
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CODIS is
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Videography examinations.
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Which of the following, for laboratory purposes, is not a category of examinations crime laboratories perform?
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identify criminals with amazing accuracy when biological evidence exists. be used to clear suspects. exonerate persons who have been mistakenly accused or convicted of crimes.
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DNA evidence can
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The examination, evaluation and explanation of physical evidence in term of law
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Forensic Science
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the application of scientific disciplines, such as geology, physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics, to criminal investigation, and the study of physical evidence related to a crime
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Criminalistics
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the short hand written records made by a police officer from the time they arrive at a crime scene until the assignment is completed
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Field Notes
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federal court ruled in admissible the results of a deception test an early version of the polygraph; which provided that for the results of a scientific technique to be admissible the technique must be sufficiently established to have gained general acceptance in its particular field
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Frye v. United States
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US supreme court decided the general acceptance test of Frye is not part of the federal rules and in fact was superseded by the rules adoption
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Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, inc.
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presented a challenge to crime laboratories to ensure that the standards imposed by the court are followed in forensic examinations so that expert testimony and the results of examinations by crime laboratory will be admissible in both state and federal courts
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Daubert
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"you have the right to remain silent. anything you say or do can and will be used against you in a court of law. you have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed to you. Do you understand these rights as they have been read to you? Do you wish to talk to me?
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Miranda Rights
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terminals mounted in police cars ae a very useful tool for report writing
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Mobile Data Terminals
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Focuses on emerging and new criminal developments
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indicative intelligence
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immediately actionable and often results in arrest
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Tactical Intelligence
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gathered and analyzed over time and usually confirms newly discovered patterns of criminal activity
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Strategic intelligence
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Consists of factual, precise info that can be presented in court.
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Evidential Intelligence
