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All of the following are concepts developed by Carl Jung except a. the shadow b.normal infantile autism c. animus and anima d. collective unconscious e. archetypes

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b. normal infantile autism

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Which one of Erikson's preschool-age phase responds to which Freudian phase?

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c. phallic

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Children who do not experience the opportunity to differentiate self from others may later develop a

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narcissistic personality disorder

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Analytic therapy is oriented toward

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achieving insight

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The psychosocial perspective is compatible with the

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psychosexual view point

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In object-relations theory there is an emphasis on early development as decisive factor influencing

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later development

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What is a characteristic of the newer analytic thinking?

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People are classified as complaint, aggressive or detached types

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Object-relations theorists focus on _____, _____, ______and ______.

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symbiosis separation differentiation integration

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Countertransference refers to

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irrational reactions therapists have toward their clients

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"Maintaing the analytic framework" refers to

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-Whole range of procedural factors in the treatment process -Analyst's relative anonymity -Agreement on the payment of fees -Regularity and consistency of meetings

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In psychoanalytic therapy(as opposed to classical analysis), what procedure is least likely to be used?

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the client lying on the couch

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The contemporary trends in pscyhoanalytic theory are reflected in ________, _______, and the relational model.

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object-relations theory the self pyschology model the relational model

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The contemporary psychoanalytic approaches place emphasis on the _____, _____ and ______, and _______.

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unconscious role of transference and countertransference importance of early childhood experienes

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Ego-defense mechanisms

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intrapsychic processes that operate unconsciously to protect the person from threatening and, therefore, anxiety-producing thoughts, feelings, impulses

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THE ID

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The Demanding Child Ruled by pleasure principle

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The Ego

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The Traffic Cop Ruled by reality principle

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The Superego

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The Judge Ruled by the moral principle

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Conscious:

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What's on the surface ex: logic, reality

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Unconscious

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What lies deep, below the surface ex: drives, instincts

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3 types of anxiety:

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1. Reality Anxiety 2. Neurotic Anxiety 3. Moral Anxiety

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Anxiety

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-Feeling of dread resulting from repressed feelings, memories and desires -Develops out of conflict among the id, ego and superego to control psychic energy

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The Unconscious

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-Dreams - Slips of the tongue -Posthypnotic suggestions -Material dervied from free-association -Material derived from projective techniques -Symbolic content of psychotic symptoms NOTE: consciousness is only a thin slice of the total mind

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Resistance

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Anything that works against progress of therapy and prevents the production of unconscious material

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Interpretation

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Therapist points out, explains, and teaches the meanings of whatever is revealed

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Analysis of Resistance

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- Helps the client to see that canceling appointments, fleeing from therapy prematurely are ways of defending against anxiety -These acts interfere with the ability to accept changes which could lead to a more satisfying life

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Dream Analysis

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Therapist uses the "royal road to the unconscious" to bring unconscious" to bring unconscious material to light 1. Latent Content 2. Manifest Content

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Latent Content

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our hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives, wishes, and fears

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Manifest Content

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dream as it appears to the dreamer

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Group Work:

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-Provides a rich framework for working through transference feelings -Feelings resembling those members have experienced toward significant people in their past may emerge -Group members may come to represent symbolic fugres from a client's past -Competition for attention of the leader provides opportunities to explore how members dealt with feelings of competition in the past and how this effects their current interactions with others. -Projections experienced in group provide valuable clues to a client's unresolved conflicts

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According to Adler, childhood experiences

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in themselves are not as crucial as our attitude towards these experiences

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______ is part of the basic counseling process.

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Assessment

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What is not true about Adlerian therapy?

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the approach is gronded on the medical model

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______ is best defined as understanding translated into action.

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Insight

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Adlerian therapy is flexible, but it can be tailored to work with ______.

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culturally diverse clients

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Adlerian therapy is well suited to a _____ or _____ .

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brief limited approach

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The concept of fictional finalism refers to

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an imagined central goal that guides a person's behavior

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What is the correct sequence of human experiencing from an Adlerian perspective?

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First we think then we feel then we act

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What is not one of the four phases of Adlerian therapeutic process

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teaching the client the process of free association

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Adlerians value early recollections as an important clue to the understanding of

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the individual's lifestyle

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Oral Stage

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First year Related to later mistrust and rejection issues

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ANAL STAGE

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Ages 1-3 Related to later personal power issues

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PHALLIC STAGE

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Ages 3-6 Related to later sexual

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LATENCY STAGE

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Ages 6-12 A time of socialization

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GENITAL STAGE

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Ages 12-60 Sexual energies are invested in life

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Limitations of Classical Analysis

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-May not be appropriate for all cultures or socioeconomic groups -Deterministic focus does not emphasize current maladaptive behaviors -Minimizes role of the environment -Requires subjective interpretation -Relies heavily on client fantasy -Lengthy treatment may not be practical or affordable for many clients

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The Adlerian point of view toward the role of insight in therapy is best stated in this way:

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To be of value, insight must be translated into a constructive action program

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Phenomenological orientation pays attention to the

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way in which individuals perceive their world.

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How would the Adlerian therapist view the personal problems of clients?

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as the end result of a process of discouragement

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Adlerians could best be described as using which techniques?

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They fit a variety of techniques to the needs of the client

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Adlerian Therapy is:

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1. Holistic 2. Social 3. Teleological 4. Phenomenological

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Adler does not stress

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biological and instinctual drives

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Adler linked the recognition of inferority feelings with striving for perfection or mastery. This notion is best captured by the saying

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inferiority and the quest for mastery are two sides of the same coin

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Adler's Individual Psychology

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-Social interest is stressed -Birth order and sibiling relationships -Therapy as teaching, informing and encouraging - Basic mistakes in the client's private logic

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In Individual Psychology, the therapeutic relationship is

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collaborative partnership

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The Phenomenological Approach

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-Adlerians attempt to view the world from the client's subjective frame of reference - How life is in reality is less important than how the individual believes life to be -It is not the childhood experiences that are crucial- it is our present interpretation of these events -Unconscious instincts and our past do not determine our behavior

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Lifestyle is how we move toward our life goals:

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"Private Logic" Values, life plan, perceptions of self and others Unifies all of our behaviors to provide consistency Makes all our actions "fit together"

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A life movement that organizes the client's reality, giving meaning to life

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Fictional Finalism or Guiding self ideal

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Psychiatric symptoms are _____ at achieving our lifestyle

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"failed attempts"

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Adlerian therapy

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helps clients to effectively navigate lifestyle tasks

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Social Interest

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-Adler's most significant and distinctive concept - Refers to an individual's attitude toward and awareness of being part of the human community -Embodies a community feeling and emphasizes the client's positive feelings toward others in the world -Mental health is measured by the degree to which we successfully share with others and are concerned with their welfare -Happiness and success are largely related to social connectedness

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Encouragement

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most powerful method available for changing a person's beliefs

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Phase 1: Establishing the Proper Therapeutic Relationship

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-Supportive, collaborative, educational, encouraging process -Person-to-person contact with the client precedes identification of the problem -Help client build awareness of his or her strengths

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Phase 2: Exploring the Individual Psychological Dynamics

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-Lifestyle assessment -Subjective interview -Objective interview -Family constellation -Early recollections -Basic Mistakes

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Phase 3: Encouraging Self-Understanding/Insight Interpret the findings of assessment

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-Interpret the findings of the assessment - Hidden goals and purposes of behavior are made conscious -Therapist offers interpretations to help clients gain insight into their lifestyle

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Phase 4: Reorientation and Re-education

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Action- oriented Useful vs.unhelpful

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