COSC TEST #1 – Flashcards
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All in one computer
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a compact desktop computer with the system unit integrated into the monitor
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ASCII
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an 8 bit binary code with 256 characters
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Backup
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the process of copying files to another location for protection
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BIOS
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a program stored on a chip on a motherboard that is used to start up a computer
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Bit
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a binary digit; the smallest unit of digital information
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Bug
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a flaw in software programming
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Byte
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consists of 8 bits and used to represent a single character in modern computer systems.
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Cell
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the intersection of a row and a column in a spreadsheet
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Client
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a computer that connects to, or requests services from, another computer called a server
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Cloud computing
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a type of computing that moves processing and storage off your desktop and business hardware and puts it in the cloud- on the Internet, it consists of three parts: infrastructure-as-a-a-Service (IaaS), platform-as-a-service (PaaS), and Software-as-a-service (SaaS)
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Computer
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a programmable machine that converts raw data into useful information
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Convergence
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the integration of technology on multifunction devices such as smartphones.
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Data bus
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a wire on a motherboard over which information flows between the components of a computer.
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Database
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a collection of information that is organized in a useful way, these records are organized into one or more tables.
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DVD
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an optical disc that can hold more information than a CD. A single layer can hold about 4.7 GB of information, a double layer can hold 8.5 GB
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Ergonomics
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the study of the relationship between workers and their workspaces
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EULA
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a license agreement between a software user and the software publisher
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Expansion slot
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an interface on a motherboard that expansion cards plug in to
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Field
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a single piece of information in a record in a database. For example, in a phone book record, it would be name, address, and phone number
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File extension
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the second part of a file name, it is assigned by the program that is used to create the file and is used by the operating system to determine the type of file
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File properties
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information about a file, such as authors, size, type, and date, wshich can be used to organize, sort, and find files more easily
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File name
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the property of a file that's used to identify it using a name and a file extension
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Flash drive
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a small, portable, solid state drive. Also called a key drive, thumb drive, pen drive, or jump drive
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Folder
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a container used to store and organize files on a computer
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GPS
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a system of 24 satellites that transmit signals that can be picked up by a receiver on the ground and used to determine the receivers location, time, and current velocity through triangulation of the signals
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Hotfix
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a software update that addresses a individual problem when it is discovered. Also called a patch
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Inkjet printer
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a printer that sprays droplets of ink onto a piece of paper
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Internet of Things (IoT)
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the connection of the physical world to the internet. Objects are tagged and can be located, monitored, controlled using small embedded electronics
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Keyboard
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an input device that translates key strokes into a signal that a computer understands; the primary input device for entering text into a computer
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Laser printer
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a printer that uses a laser beam to draw an image onto a drum. The image is electrostatically charged and attracts a dry ink called toner. The drum is then rolled over paper, and the toner is deposited onto the paper. Finally, the paper is heated and pressure is applied, bonding the ink to the paper
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Library
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a tool used to gather files that are located on a windows computer
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MAC
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a personal computer manufactured by apple. Also referred to as a Macintosh.
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Memory
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temporary storage that computer uses to hold instructions and data
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Modem
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a communication device used to connect a computer to a telephone line, most often for dial-up internet access, short for modulator-demodulator
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Monitor
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a video output device that works by lighting up pixels on a screen. Each pixel contains three colors- red, green, and blue and all colors can be created by varying the intensities of these three colors
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Motherboard
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the main circuit board of a computer, which houses the processor (CPU) and contains drive controllers and interfaces, expansion slots, data buses, ports and connectors, the BIOS and memory. It provides a way for devices to attach to the computer
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Mouse
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an input device that may include one or more buttons and a scroll wheel that works by moving across a smooth surface to signal movement of the pointer
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Netbook
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a lightweight, inexpensive notebook computer designed primarily for Internet access; with built-in wireless capabilities, a small screen, and a limited computing power and storage.
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Network adapter
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a communication device used to establish a connection with a network. The adapter may be onboard, an expansion card, or a USB device and may be wired or wireless. Also, called a network interface card (NIC).
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Notebook
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a portable personal computer. Also, referred to as a laptop.
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Office Application Suite
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a suite of productivity applications sucha as a word processor, spreadsheet, presentation, program, database, And personal information manager integrated into a single package
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Open source
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software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees.
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OS
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system software that provides the user with an interface to communicate with the hardware and software on a computer, and also manages system resources
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Patch
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a software update that addresses an individual problem when it is discovered, also called a hotfix
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Path
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a sequence of folders to a file or folder
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Personal computer
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a small microprocessor based computer used by one person at a time
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Photo printer
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a printer designed to print high quality photos on special photo paper, these printers can be inkjet printers or dye sublimation printers
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Pixel
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short for picture element. A single point on a display screen. Each one contains three colors: Red, green, and blue
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Port
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a connection point that is used to attach a peripheral device to a motherboard
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Portable apps
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application software that can be run from a flash drive.
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RAM
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a volatile form of memory that holds the operating systems, programs, and data the computer is currently using.
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Record
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a row of data in a database table that describes a particular entery in the database, for example a customer of a project
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Resolution
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the number of horizontal by vertical pixels, for example 1280 x 1920, on a display screen
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Scanner
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an input device that can increase the speed and accuracy of data entry and convert information into a digital format that can be saved copied and manipulated.
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Servers
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a multiuser computer system that runs a network operating system (NOS) an provides services such as internet access, email, or file and print service to client systems
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Service pack
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a large planned update that addresses multiple problems or adds multiple features and includes previous patches and hotfixes
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Smartphone
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a multifunction device that blends phone, PDA, and portable media player features
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Spreadsheet
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an application that creates electronic worksheets, composed of rows and columns. They are used for mathematical applications, such as budgeting, grade books, and inventory
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System requirements
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the minimum hardware and software specifications required to run a software application.
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Table
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a database object in which data is stored. It's arranged in rows and columns
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Tablet
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a handheld mobile device that falls somewhere between a computer and a smartphone.
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Thermal printer
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a printer that creates an image by heating specially coated heat sensitive paper, which changes color where the heat is applied
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USB
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a standard port type that is used to connect many kinds of devices, including printers, mice, keyboards, digital cameras, cell phones, and external drives. Up to 127 devices can share a single port
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Wearables
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a computer worn on the body
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Word processor
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an application that is used to create, edit, and format text documents. The documents can also contain images
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turning test
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The_______ is a measure of a computer's ability to display intelligent behavior.
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vacuum tubes
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First-generation computers used ________ to process data.
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microprocessor
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A _______is a complex integrated circuit that contains the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer
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unicode
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What is the binary code that can represent most currently used language characters and is the standard used on the Internet?
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workstations
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What are desktop computers attached to a network in a business setting called?
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subnotebook
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What type of portable computer is thin and light, has high-end processing and video capabilities, and a 13-15 inch screen?
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supercomputers
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_________ perform complex mathematical calculations, such as those used in weather forecasting and medical research.
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bioinformatics
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______ is a field of study in which information technology is applied to the field of biology.
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smartphone
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A(n) _____________ is an example of convergence.
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T
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T/F: Computers convert data into information using the Information Processing Cycle.
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F
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T/F:Third-generation computers used vacuum tubes.
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F
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T/F: Today's computers use transistors and integrated circuits.
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F
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T/F:Moore's Law states that the number of transistors that can be placed on an integrated circuit will double roughly every 18 years.
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T
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T/F: Unicode contains codes for most of the languages in use today.
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F
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T/F: Bioinformatics allows you to design a workspace for your comfort and health.
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F
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T/F:All-in-one is another name for a tablet computer
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T
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T/F: Users connect to servers via clients.
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T
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T/F: Volunteer computing projects harness the idle processing power of hundreds or thousands of personal computers.
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F
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T/F: The idea that computers are all around us is called convergence.
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data, information
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A computer is a programmable machine that converts raw [Q1v1]into useful [Q1v2].
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analytical engine
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The _____ _____ was a mechanical computer designed, but not built, in the early 19th century by mathematician Charles Babbage.
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integrated circut
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Developed in the 1960s, _____ _____ are chips that contain large numbers of tiny transistors fabricated into a semiconducting material called silicon.
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ergonomic
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_____ design creates a work environment designed to reduce illnesses and musculoskeletal disorders.
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binary code
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_____ _____ is a system that represents digital data as a series of 0s and 1s that can be understood by a computer.
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byte
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A _____ consists of 8 bits and is used to represent a single character in modern computer systems
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Servers
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____ are computers that provide services, such as Internet access, email, or file and print services, to client systems.
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distributed computing
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_____ _____ shares the processing of a task across a group of computers.
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smart grid
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A _____ _____ is a network for delivering electricity to consumers that includes communication technology to manage electricity distribution efficiently
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spreadsheet
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Which application would be the best choice for creating a budget?
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open source
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Software that has the source code published and made available to the public—enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying a fee—is called ________ software.
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report
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Which object displays selected information?
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google drive
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________ is an online alternative to office application suites
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personal information management
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_____ software helps you manage email, calendars, and tasks.
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shareware
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______ can be used for a limited period that allows the user to try it out before purchasing a license.
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laaS
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Which cloud computing service enables a company to use servers in the cloud instead of purchasing and maintaining them?
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service pack
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A(n) ________ is a large, planned software update that addresses multiple problems, or adds multiple features.
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T
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T/F: In a business environment, Microsoft Excel is the most popular spreadsheet application.
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F
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T/F: A field is the intersection of a row and a column in a spreadsheet.
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T
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T/F: Apache OpenOffice can open and work with documents created in Microsoft Office.
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T
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T/F: Documents created with a word processor can also contain images
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F
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T/F: A project management system enables a company to save, share, search, and audit electronic documents throughout their life cycle.
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T
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T/F: A Gantt chart shows the schedule and progress of a project.
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F
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T/F: If your computer doesn't meet the minimum system requirements for a piece of software, it will probably still run on your system.
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F
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T/F: Trialware is a form of freeware where the developers accept donations, either for themselves or for a nonprofit organization
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F
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T/F: Web mail is an example of PaaS.
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F
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T/F: It is generally safe to download mobile apps from unknown sources.
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form
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A _____ is a database object used to enter data into a database table.
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DMS
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A _____ _____ _____ is used to save, share, search, and audit electronic documents throughout their life cycle.
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dontationware
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_____ is a form of freeware where the developers accept donations, either for themselves or for a nonprofit organization.
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SaaS
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Part of cloud computing, _____ is the delivery of applications—or web apps—over the Internet.
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file tab
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Which part of a File Explorer window contains commands to open and close the windows, as well as access to system Help?
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finder
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What tool is used to find and organize files on a Mac?
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file history
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The backup utility included with Windows is called______.
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NOT
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Which Boolean operator excludes certain words from the search results?
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F
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T/F? Folders within folders are also called paths.
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F
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T/F? The folder structure created by Windows is a library.
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F
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T/F? Windows File Explorer is a tool used to navigate the Internet.
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T
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T/F? You can change some of the properties of a file.
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T
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T/F? If you change the file extension of a file, you may be unable to open it.
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T
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T/F? The Finder is a tool used in OS X to work with files and folders.
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T
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T/F? A file compressed with a lossless compression algorithm can be decompressed to its original form.
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T
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T/F? Searching using the Boolean operator AND limits the search results.
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F
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T/F? The default program that opens a file can't be changed.
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file management
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The processes of opening, closing, saving, naming, deleting, and organizing digital files are collectively called _____ _____.
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hiearchy
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The folder structure created by Windows is a _____.
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library
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A _____ is used to gather files that are located in different locations on a Windows computer.
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algorithem
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An _____ is a procedure for solving a problem
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default program
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The _____ _____ is the program that's associated with a particular file type that automatically opens when a file of that type is double-clicked
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control unit
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The ________ is part of the processor that manages the movement of data through the CPU.
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multi core processor
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A(n) ________ consists of two or more processors that are integrated on a single chi
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OLED
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What type of monitor is composed of extremely thin panels of organic molecules sandwiched between two electrodes?
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laser
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What type of printer produces the highest quality text?
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F
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T/F: Pipelining requires multiple processors or cores.
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F
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T/F: The terms CPU and system unit mean the same thing.
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T
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T/F: Bluetooth is a short-range, wireless technology used to connect peripheral devices to a computer.
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T
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T/F:Random access memory (RAM) loses the information stored in it when power is turned off.
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F
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T/F: SSDs store data optically.
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T
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T/F: Hard drives store data magnetically on metal platters.
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F
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T/F: QWERTY keyboards were designed to improve ergonomics.
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T
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T/F: LCD monitors consist of two layers of glass that are glued together with a layer of liquid crystals between them.
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T
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T/F: Adaptive technology includes the hardware and software used by individuals with disabilities to interact with technology.
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F
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T/F: Analog signals are superior to digital signals because they don't have to be converted for use by computers and other digital devices.
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gigahertz
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A computer's clock speed is measured in _____.
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ALU, control unit
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The [ch4Q2v1] performs arithmetic (addition and subtraction) and logic (AND, OR, and NOT) calculations, and the [ch4Q2v2] manages the movement of data through the CPU
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heat sink
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To keep the processor from overheating, a _____ _____ and cooling fan are installed above the processor to dissipate the heat the processor produces.
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hot swappable
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A device that can be plugged and unplugged without turning off the computer is known as _____.
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NFC
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_____ technology enables devices to share data with each other by touching them together or bringing them within a few centimeters of each other.
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infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
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a company uses servers in the cloud intead of purchasing and maintaining them
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platform as a service (PaaS)
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provides a programming envirornment to develop, test, and deploy custom web applications
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software as a service (SaaS)
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involves the delivery of applications over the Internet or web apps
