question

John Augustus

answer

Boston formalizes probation 1859

question

Judicial Reprieve

answer

Permitted Judges to suspend judgment and consider pardon for an offender or new evidence

question

Recognizance

answer

Permitted offenders to remain free if they promised to pay their debts to the state

question

Sureties

answer

Individuals who would agree to make themselves responsible for offenders who had been released from custody

question

Diversion

answer

recommended to keep both juveniles and adults out of corrections facilities

question

Reintegrative philosophy of corrections

answer

a correctional approach aimed at returning offenders to the community as soon as possible

question

Rationale for diversion

answer

-avoids the harsh impact of incarceration -Provides a "more justifying justice"

question

Probation

answer

a form of punishment that permits a convicted offender to remain in the community, under the supervision of a probation officer and subject to certain conditions set by the court

question

Probation under supervison

answer

-Financial restitution -Community Service -Drug or alcohol testing -Regular employment

question

Pre-sentence investigation reports

answer

the purpose is to help the judge make good decisions over the offense helps the court decide whether to grant probation; collecting info

question

Risk Assessment Models

answer

focused more on regulation and controlling offenders than providing treatment or services

question

New penology

answer

a new approach in probation and other community-based corrections that focuses more on administrative control and regulation than on treatment and offering services

question

Duties of Probation Officer

answer

-Casework management and other administrative duties File of court documents and chronological listing of contact with probationer) -Supervision, investigation, and surveillance -Pre-sentence investigation reports

question

Minnesota v. Murphy (1984)

answer

convos with Probation Officers are NOT private

question

Griffin V. Wisconsin (1987)

answer

a probation officer does not need a warrant or probable cause to search a probationer's home

question

Mempa v. Rhay (1967)

answer

paroles have a right to an attorney

question

Community corrections act (CCA)

answer

state-based act through which countries who participate

question

Shocking probation

answer

go to prison than probation

question

split sentence

answer

serve half in jail have in the community ex: can serve during the weekend

question

intensive probation

answer

talk to you more than once a week, strict restrictions

question

Bench supervision

answer

will see your case if mess up but will not contact you

question

Risk Management Systems are more focused on

answer

Controlling offenders on probation or parole

question

Rehabilitation

answer

In the 1960s there was a public there was a public "reintegrative philosophy" that gave widespread support for which type of corrections mode?

question

Which of the following is NOT current trend in probation

answer

community partnerships will be used less frequently

question

20

answer

Research shows that the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model can cut recidivism of high-risk offenders by as much as _____ percent

question

Griffin V. Wisconsin

answer

In _____ the U.S. Supreme Court held that probationers have fewer constitutional protections than the general public and specifically that their homes can be searched without a warrant

question

Deferred prosecution programs appear to be a good option for most first offenders because they avoid the stigma of a criminal record and reduce the volume of persons going through the criminal justice process

answer

True

question

Recidivism rates are low amount those placed on probation for a misdemeanor

answer

True

question

Shock

answer

probation calls for the offender to serve a few weeks in prison followed by a normal probation period

question

Presentence investigation

answer

a report used at a sentencing hearing is a PSI

question

technical

answer

a _____ violation occurs when a probationer violates one of the rules of probation, such as not meeting with their probation officer

question

What is the focus of restorative justice

answer

-Community restoration -Offender reintegration -Victim healing

question

Which benefit of graduate sanctions ensures that the level of punishment is commensurate with the severity of the criminal behavior?

answer

Proportionality

question

A major criticism of intermediate sanction programs is that they

answer

widen the net of the criminal justice system

question

which intermediate sanction program requires offenders to report on a regular basis and participate in counseling, social skills and employment training?

answer

Day reporting center

question

Jude Ellis is convinced that offenders who have a drug addiction need more services provided. He explains the various sanctions and series utilized at his drug court. Which of the following are likely to be a part of judge ellis drug court?

answer

Mandatory periodic testing for the use of controlled substances Substance abuse treatment Aftercare series such as relapse prevention

question

Intermediate sanctions, if successfully completed, cost less than jails and prisons

answer

True

question

Criminal forfeiture occurs after a suspect is arrested by police officers but before they are convicted in criminal court

answer

False

question

Financial restitution

answer

the purpose of ______ is to compensate victims for their losses and to teach the offenders financial responsibility

question

Celerity

answer

a benefit of graduated sanctions is ____ because the response to violations is swift

question

intermediate sanctions

answer

one reason for the emergence of ______ in the 1980s was the belief that prisons were being overused for offenders who really did not need secure confinement

question

Overcrowding of the facility

answer

what is the biggest difficulty for large jails to offer adequate programing for each inmate

question

increases in mentally ill offenders

answer

one of the most serious issues facing contemporary US jails is

question

More juveniles were housed in jails pending transfer to juvenile authorities

answer

although the crime rate has fallen over the past decade, jail populations have increased. Which of the following is NOT a viable explanation for this trend?

question

Biometric

answer

Keeping track of inmates visually within the jail often involves using physiological or behavioral characteristics of the inmate known as _____ technology

question

the initial step offenders in the incarceration process is to be placed in a housing unit

answer

false

question

jails are constitutionally mandated to make available adequate health care delivery systems

answer

true

question

Sheriff

answer

the contemporary jail is usually under the authority of the ____

question

preventative detention

answer

the objective of ____ is to retain in jail defendants who are deemed dangerous or likely to commit crimes while awaiting trail

question

rabble

answer

criminologist John Irwin refers to disorderly and disorganized persons as

question

direct-supervision

answer

the new generation jails are based on the ____ model

question

UNICOR

answer

an inmate vocational porgam in the general bureau of prisons

question

All of the following are indicative of a proactive warden execpt

answer

they believe in treating inmates harshly and physically

question

an approach to prison management focused on anticipating problems before they occur is a

answer

proactive warden

question

Richardson V McKnight

answer

While incarcerated Thomas files a lawsuit against the private prison corporation charging a 1983 violation. He also files a lawsuit against the officer that he alleges used excessive fore and violence. What case held that correctional officers employed by a private firm are not entitled to a qualified immunity from suit by prisoners charging a section 1983 violation?

question

The crime rate has increased and the number of people in prison has declined

answer

false

question

state correctional institutions have improved over the years mostly due to training, research, and evaluation

answer

true

question

state departments of corrections have underdeveloped programming insufficient prison industries for inmates and lack of resources for anything other than prison construction

answer

true

question

used to house inmates who are knowledge as posing a threat to the general population

answer

administrative detention

question

a current movement that believes that the purpose of corrections is to punish offenders as severely as possible

answer

penal harm

question

the highest level of incarceration is the ______ prison

answer

supermax

question

the process by which inmates learn and internalize the customs and culture of prison is

answer

Prisonization

question

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of classification

answer

it can aim to place inmates in more secure and expensive housing than they really need

question

Carl is attempting to explain the culture of the prison to Brad. Carl explains that there are mainly two explanations to prison culture. Carl believes that inmate behave the way they do bc they have a hard time adapting to prison because of all they think they are missing this is known as

answer

Deprivation model

question

based on research who is most likely to be sexually victimized if they do not show their toughness and resiliency when they arrive to prison

answer

white males who have committed minor crimes

question

Prison gangs usually specialize in

answer

economic victimization

question

Internal classification determines the level of security and control needed for the incoming prison population

answer

false

question

The inmates social code is and unwritten, informal understanding of how the prison "works", including how the new inmates will adjust

answer

true

question

Prison gangs are commonly referred to as

answer

security threat groups

question

some correctional experts suggest that patterns of behavior of inmates are more strongly influenced by their experience outside the prison rather than those developed within its walls. The name given to this behavior model is

answer

importation model

question

prisons in the US are designed to segregate the inmates from the outside world and to keep them under constant scrutiny and surveillance, forcing them to obey strict rules. _______ is the term sued to describe this type of situation

answer

Total institutions

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