question

1. The first reform schools opened in

answer

New York

question

2. Juvenile systems are similar across states and localities.

answer

False

question

3. Which of the following film is a popular portrayal of this period in U.S. urban history?

answer

Gangs of New York

question

4. The first statewide juvenile correctional facility was built in which state?

answer

Massachussetts

question

5. Residential units were referred to as barns in the rural training schools.

answer

False

question

6. Which of the following texts described how the weaker inmates were exploited by the stronger ones.

answer

Cottage six

question

7. In_________, the decision held that juveniles are entitled to most of the due process and equal protection guarantees that were available to adults.

answer

b. In re Gault

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8. The conservative philosophy dominated through all of the following presidencies Except?

answer

d. Barack Obama

question

9. An increase in juvenile arrests led to which of the following?

answer

a. Facilities became crowded

question

10. Riots were regular occurrences in facilities with high racial and gang conflicts.

answer

True

question

11. Youth that were subjected to solitary confinement were held for _____ hours a day in their cells.

answer

21

question

12. Facilities have been cited for all of the following except?

answer

a. Excessive use of recreational activities

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13. Juveniles in custody are referred to as youth in custodial placement.

answer

False

question

14. There is a separate system of courts of juveniles.

answer

True

question

15. The juvenile court was established during which era?

answer

Progressive

question

16. Long term facilities are mostly run by _________.

answer

State

question

17. Which of the following is an example of a facility that is run by a private enterprise?

answer

Group homes

question

18. Detention centers are mostly run by

answer

Local governments

question

19. Which of the following is not an example of a status offense for juveniles?

answer

Murder

question

20. Unlike adult facilities, juvenile institutions are required to provide

answer

a. education services

question

21. Which of the following states is not true in regards to female juvenile offenders?

answer

a. Females are less likely to be incarcerated for status offenses

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22. The Missouri Model emphasizes all of the following except?

answer

a. Large scale units

question

23. A ________ is the faking of an illness or other type of incapacitation to avoid work or school.

answer

Malinger

question

24. Which of the following programs believed that placing juveniles in adult jails exerted rehabilitative effects.

answer

a. Tough Love

question

25. Scared Straight exposed ________ offenders to a prison to deter them from future criminality.

answer

a. low level

question

1. Which of the following groups of individuals does not have direct contact with prisoners and correctional clients on probation or parole?

answer

d. Lawmakers

question

2. The "line staff" serve as administrators and top leadership.

answer

False

question

3. Senior and experienced staff generally supervise all of the following except?

answer

b. Non-violent offenders

question

4. Which of following pairs are the two components of probation?

answer

c. Investigation and supervision

question

5. The presentence report contains information on which of the following?

answer

a. Drug dependencies b. Employment and education status c. Family situations

question

6. Probationers can perform all of the following except?

answer

d. Directly provide clothing and food

question

7. Parole officers have smaller caseloads than probation officers.

answer

True

question

8. The 1971 _________ experiment focused on captors and captives.

answer

Stanford

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9. Which of the following is not an example of a historical name for guard?

answer

d. Prison official

question

10. Large prison facilities can contain all of the following except?

answer

d. Legal department

question

11. Block officers provide living quarter supervision.

answer

a. True

question

12. Which of the following positions does not have as much direct contact with prisoners?

answer

b. Tower guard

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13. ___________ positions have more contact with family members and the public rather than the prisoners.

answer

b. Administrative

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14. All of the following are examples of tangible reasons why people choose corrections as a profession except?

answer

c. Job satisfaction

question

15. Skill and responsibility levels are directly linked to pay and benefits.

answer

a. True

question

16. The minimum education requirement in most jurisdictions is a

answer

a. high school diploma.

question

17. In 2010 there were __________ federal, state, and local corrections employees in the United States.

answer

c. 780,960

question

18. Which of the following states had a low correctional staff to state population rate?

answer

Maine

question

19. _________ is the use of science and technology to investigate and establish facts in a criminal or civil courts of law.

answer

Forensics

question

20. Which of the following areas of study does not coincide with corrections work?

answer

Geology

question

21. Which of the following is not an example of a position that falls within the chain of command?

answer

c. Custodian

question

22. The ________ levels of command have the least direct contact with inmates.

answer

c. high

question

23. Candidates in rural areas tend to have more postgraduate education.

answer

b. False

question

24. Which of the following was not identified as a key to finding ones way out of stress?

answer

c. Spend more time at work

question

25. Which of the following is not true for high profile cases?

answer

d. Leaders are not required to answer to the legislature

question

26. The first main subsector deals with prisoners in custody situations such as prisoners, mails, camps, and other facilities. The other main subsector is composed of those who work in ________.

answer

d. Community corrections

question

1. According to Jerome Miller, the history of corrections is a cycle of abuse and scandal.

answer

True

question

2. There are four approaches suggested by the authors to identify the efforts that were mad to regulate and control the serious problems of corrections: appointing regulatory boards and commissions, ________, litigating, and passing legislation.

answer

c. adopting professional standards

question

3. Jurisprudence on corrections is rooted on the idea of the prisoner as a "slave of the state."

answer

True

question

4. Prison commissions were created during which ear?

answer

a. Progressive

question

5. The National Prison Association was established in

answer

b. 1870

question

6. Which of the following presidents was the head of National Prison Association?

answer

b. Rutherford B. Hayes

question

7. The National Probation Association was established in

answer

b. 1907

question

8. __________ is the formal process to certify competency, authority, or credibility.

answer

b. Accreditation

question

9. The _______ amendment protects against excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.

answer

d. 8th

question

10. A formal application made to the court that requests action on a certain matter is _______.

answer

a. Petition

question

11. Which of the following amendments ended slavery?

answer

a. 13th

question

12. Which of the following states ruled that prisoners could not be prevented from writing writs of habeas corpus?

answer

b. Ex parte Hull

question

13. The purpose of _______ is to prohibit the confinement of an individual without cause.

answer

c. a writ of habeas corpus

question

14. Which of the following U.S. Supreme Court cases ruled that double celling inmate was not considered a cruel and unusual punishment.

answer

c. Rhodes v. Chapman

question

15. Which of the following is a component of the Sixth Amendment?

answer

a. Guarantees a speedy trial

question

16. The Fourteenth Amendment contains all of the following clauses except?

answer

d. Religion clause

question

17. All of the following are cases that exemplified violations against the Fourth, Fifth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution except?

answer

b. Farmer v. Brennan, Warden et al.

question

18. Which of the following cases extended limited due process rights to parolees who were facing revocation?

answer

c. Gagnon v. Scarpelli

question

19. Which of the following cases ruled that the state provision for the possibility of parole is not a guarantee of a fair parole hearing?

answer

a. Greenholtz v. Nebraska Penal Inmates

question

20. Which of the following acts of inmate abuse was highlighted in the Madrid v. Gomez case?

answer

c. Lack of basic mental health

question

21. Efforts to hold the CDCR accountable to standards have included all of the following except?

answer

d. more funding.

question

22. Which of the following is not an example of a publically operated facility?

answer

c. Boot camps

question

23. In order to meet the CRIPA standards, violations must meet be deemed

answer

a. egregious violations. b. a pattern or practice of civil rights violations. c. violations that harm the institutionalized person.

question

24. All of the following are examples of specific areas of CRIPA investigations except?

answer

b. Inadequate recreational activities

question

25. All of the following were consequences of the passage of the PLRA except?

answer

d. Increased attorney's fees.

question

26. ___________ implies that each state owns an exclusive sphere of power and authority, while other powers must be shared.

answer

b. Federalism

question

27. All of the following suggestions on how to reduce overcrowding in CA were made by a three-judge panel except?

answer

a. Increase sentences for all offenders

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