Correctional Systems & Practice Exam 3 SHSU – Flashcards

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1. The first reform schools opened in
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New York
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2. Juvenile systems are similar across states and localities.
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False
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3. Which of the following film is a popular portrayal of this period in U.S. urban history?
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Gangs of New York
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4. The first statewide juvenile correctional facility was built in which state?
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Massachussetts
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5. Residential units were referred to as barns in the rural training schools.
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False
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6. Which of the following texts described how the weaker inmates were exploited by the stronger ones.
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Cottage six
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7. In_________, the decision held that juveniles are entitled to most of the due process and equal protection guarantees that were available to adults.
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b. In re Gault
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8. The conservative philosophy dominated through all of the following presidencies Except?
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d. Barack Obama
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9. An increase in juvenile arrests led to which of the following?
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a. Facilities became crowded
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10. Riots were regular occurrences in facilities with high racial and gang conflicts.
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True
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11. Youth that were subjected to solitary confinement were held for _____ hours a day in their cells.
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21
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12. Facilities have been cited for all of the following except?
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a. Excessive use of recreational activities
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13. Juveniles in custody are referred to as youth in custodial placement.
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False
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14. There is a separate system of courts of juveniles.
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True
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15. The juvenile court was established during which era?
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Progressive
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16. Long term facilities are mostly run by _________.
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State
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17. Which of the following is an example of a facility that is run by a private enterprise?
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Group homes
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18. Detention centers are mostly run by
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Local governments
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19. Which of the following is not an example of a status offense for juveniles?
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Murder
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20. Unlike adult facilities, juvenile institutions are required to provide
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a. education services
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21. Which of the following states is not true in regards to female juvenile offenders?
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a. Females are less likely to be incarcerated for status offenses
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22. The Missouri Model emphasizes all of the following except?
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a. Large scale units
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23. A ________ is the faking of an illness or other type of incapacitation to avoid work or school.
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Malinger
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24. Which of the following programs believed that placing juveniles in adult jails exerted rehabilitative effects.
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a. Tough Love
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25. Scared Straight exposed ________ offenders to a prison to deter them from future criminality.
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a. low level
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1. Which of the following groups of individuals does not have direct contact with prisoners and correctional clients on probation or parole?
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d. Lawmakers
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2. The "line staff" serve as administrators and top leadership.
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False
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3. Senior and experienced staff generally supervise all of the following except?
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b. Non-violent offenders
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4. Which of following pairs are the two components of probation?
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c. Investigation and supervision
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5. The presentence report contains information on which of the following?
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a. Drug dependencies b. Employment and education status c. Family situations
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6. Probationers can perform all of the following except?
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d. Directly provide clothing and food
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7. Parole officers have smaller caseloads than probation officers.
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True
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8. The 1971 _________ experiment focused on captors and captives.
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Stanford
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9. Which of the following is not an example of a historical name for guard?
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d. Prison official
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10. Large prison facilities can contain all of the following except?
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d. Legal department
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11. Block officers provide living quarter supervision.
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a. True
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12. Which of the following positions does not have as much direct contact with prisoners?
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b. Tower guard
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13. ___________ positions have more contact with family members and the public rather than the prisoners.
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b. Administrative
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14. All of the following are examples of tangible reasons why people choose corrections as a profession except?
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c. Job satisfaction
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15. Skill and responsibility levels are directly linked to pay and benefits.
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a. True
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16. The minimum education requirement in most jurisdictions is a
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a. high school diploma.
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17. In 2010 there were __________ federal, state, and local corrections employees in the United States.
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c. 780,960
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18. Which of the following states had a low correctional staff to state population rate?
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Maine
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19. _________ is the use of science and technology to investigate and establish facts in a criminal or civil courts of law.
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Forensics
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20. Which of the following areas of study does not coincide with corrections work?
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Geology
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21. Which of the following is not an example of a position that falls within the chain of command?
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c. Custodian
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22. The ________ levels of command have the least direct contact with inmates.
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c. high
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23. Candidates in rural areas tend to have more postgraduate education.
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b. False
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24. Which of the following was not identified as a key to finding ones way out of stress?
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c. Spend more time at work
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25. Which of the following is not true for high profile cases?
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d. Leaders are not required to answer to the legislature
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26. The first main subsector deals with prisoners in custody situations such as prisoners, mails, camps, and other facilities. The other main subsector is composed of those who work in ________.
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d. Community corrections
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1. According to Jerome Miller, the history of corrections is a cycle of abuse and scandal.
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True
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2. There are four approaches suggested by the authors to identify the efforts that were mad to regulate and control the serious problems of corrections: appointing regulatory boards and commissions, ________, litigating, and passing legislation.
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c. adopting professional standards
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3. Jurisprudence on corrections is rooted on the idea of the prisoner as a "slave of the state."
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True
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4. Prison commissions were created during which ear?
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a. Progressive
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5. The National Prison Association was established in
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b. 1870
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6. Which of the following presidents was the head of National Prison Association?
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b. Rutherford B. Hayes
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7. The National Probation Association was established in
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b. 1907
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8. __________ is the formal process to certify competency, authority, or credibility.
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b. Accreditation
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9. The _______ amendment protects against excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.
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d. 8th
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10. A formal application made to the court that requests action on a certain matter is _______.
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a. Petition
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11. Which of the following amendments ended slavery?
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a. 13th
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12. Which of the following states ruled that prisoners could not be prevented from writing writs of habeas corpus?
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b. Ex parte Hull
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13. The purpose of _______ is to prohibit the confinement of an individual without cause.
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c. a writ of habeas corpus
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14. Which of the following U.S. Supreme Court cases ruled that double celling inmate was not considered a cruel and unusual punishment.
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c. Rhodes v. Chapman
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15. Which of the following is a component of the Sixth Amendment?
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a. Guarantees a speedy trial
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16. The Fourteenth Amendment contains all of the following clauses except?
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d. Religion clause
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17. All of the following are cases that exemplified violations against the Fourth, Fifth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution except?
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b. Farmer v. Brennan, Warden et al.
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18. Which of the following cases extended limited due process rights to parolees who were facing revocation?
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c. Gagnon v. Scarpelli
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19. Which of the following cases ruled that the state provision for the possibility of parole is not a guarantee of a fair parole hearing?
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a. Greenholtz v. Nebraska Penal Inmates
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20. Which of the following acts of inmate abuse was highlighted in the Madrid v. Gomez case?
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c. Lack of basic mental health
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21. Efforts to hold the CDCR accountable to standards have included all of the following except?
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d. more funding.
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22. Which of the following is not an example of a publically operated facility?
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c. Boot camps
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23. In order to meet the CRIPA standards, violations must meet be deemed
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a. egregious violations. b. a pattern or practice of civil rights violations. c. violations that harm the institutionalized person.
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24. All of the following are examples of specific areas of CRIPA investigations except?
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b. Inadequate recreational activities
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25. All of the following were consequences of the passage of the PLRA except?
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d. Increased attorney's fees.
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26. ___________ implies that each state owns an exclusive sphere of power and authority, while other powers must be shared.
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b. Federalism
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27. All of the following suggestions on how to reduce overcrowding in CA were made by a three-judge panel except?
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a. Increase sentences for all offenders
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