question

The rate at which bits are transferred from place to another in a given amount of time. _______ is typically measured in bits per second (bps), kilobit per second (Kbps), and megabits per second (Mbps).

answer

Bitrate

question

A _______ is a unit of data storage. One _____ is eight binary bits (a series of eight zeroes and ones), which in turn means that one _____ can equal 256 values (2^8). _____ are often used to store specific data within a file such as characters or pixels.

answer

byte

question

Fraudulent text (SMS) messages similar to e-mail \"phishing\" hence SMS + phishing = _____.

answer

smishing

question

Hard drive _____ are where the actual data is recorded. A ______ is a flat disk that spins very fast (anywhere from 4200 to 15,000 RPM) inside the hard drive's metal housing. A hard drive may contain multiple ______ as needed to increase capacity.

answer

platter

question

A _____ is basically the partition used to start an operating system, although modern OS's such as Windows Vista and Windows 7 can be installed on any partition. The boot sector (the sector containing the boot flag) must be located on an active _______and only a _________ may be set as active.

answer

primary partition

question

When taking pictures with a digital camera, some photographers have the option to shoot in ________, which means the image is not compressed or processed in any way.

answer

RAW

question

_______ is used to create images on TVs and computer displays.

answer

RGB

question

Unlike a flat file database, a _____________ stores data in tables or relations, which are organized in rows (tuples) and columns (attributes).

answer

relational database

question

A __________ is a subdivision of a track on a magnetic or optical disk.

answer

disk sector

question

____________ is an I/O interface for connecting mass storage devices to a computer's motherboard. _______ was created in 2003 and superseded PATA.

answer

SATA

question

A computer expansion bus intended to replace PCI, PCI-X, and AGP. ______ implements a smaller I/O pin count, smaller physical size, higher data throughput, and more robust scaling, among many other notable improvements.

answer

PCIe

question

______ are data storage devices which use flash-based RAM to store data persistently, meaning that unlike volatile memory, _______ retain their contents even when unpowered. _______ have no moving parts so they are less prone to shock and because they can recall data almost instantly, they are much faster than traditional HDDs.

answer

SSDs

question

The ________________ is used for storing data on CDs. It is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) known as the ISO 9660 standard, which is readable on all popular platforms including Windows, Macintosh, and Linux.

answer

Compact Disc File System

question

_____ is the generic name applied to processors based on Intel's 8086 CPU. Subsequent processors iterations included the 286, 386, 486, and 586 (Pentium).

answer

x86

question

_______ are used to measure a CPU's floating point unit's (FPU) computing performance. A _______ is equal to 1000 gigaflops, or one trillion FLOPS, which means 1 trillion Floating Point Operations Per Second.

answer

Teraflops

question

A ____________ on a computer is a malicious attack (virus, worm, trojan horse, etc), which exploits a security hole before the vulnerability is addressed. In essence, the security issue is made public concurrently to the attack so the software developer has zero days to patch or fix the problem.

answer

zero day exploit

question

File system _____________ occurs when a file system does not store data on a disk in a sequential or contiguous manner. This increases the rate and time at which a hard disk must seek data and thus decreases throughput (the average rate data can be delivered or transmitted).

answer

fragmentation

question

FLOPS or __________ are units used to measure a computer's processing performance. Unlike megahertz, which are often marketed as an indicator of processor speed, FLOPS are actually a true indication of a CPU's raw processing power.

answer

Floating Point Operations Per Second

question

A ___________ is a program used to convert source code into machine code that the computer can understand.

answer

compiler

question

A __________ is a text file that contains a series of scripted commands that you would normally type manually at the command prompt.

answer

batch file

question

____________, also known as muxing, is when multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium, to use the most out of that connection.

answer

Multiplexing

question

________________ is a measure that compares the level of a signal to the level of background noise, to see how strong the signal actually is.

answer

Signal-to-noise ratio

question

The _____________ is the number of times per second that display hardware re-draws the data on the screen, which is different from the number of unique frames, or images, that are displayed.

answer

refresh rate

question

An ______________, usually abbreviated as AU, au, or ua, is a unit of length equal to the distance between the earth and the sun-that's 149,597,870,700 meters or 92,955,807.273 miles.

answer

astronomical unit

question

____________ are a section of memory storage used to temporarily hold data as it transmits from one point to another, to ensure the data can be used without \"skipping\" if there is a temporary hiccup in the transmission of the data.

answer

Buffers

question

The ____________ is a measurement of length that equals the distance that light can travel in a vacuum over the course of one year-about 6 trillion miles or almost 10 trillion kilometers.

answer

light year

question

____________ is an important measure of time delay in computer systems like networks and disk drives for how long the data takes to arrive.

answer

Latency

question

The ____________ is a test of a computer's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior, usually in the form of a natural language conversation between a judge, another person, and a computer designed to mimic a human.

answer

Turing test

question

_____________ is a form of logic processing that deals with values that aren't exactly true or false, but might have values that range in degrees between the two.

answer

Fuzzy logic

question

______________ is a field of computer science usually used by large companies to discover patterns in large sets of data. This allows companies like Walmart to figure out that people usually buy certain items together, and place them next to each other in the store. Perhaps the most controversial example is when Target used data mining on their customer's purchases to determine when women were pregnant, and started sending books of coupons to their door.

answer

Data mining

question

____________________ is a computer technology that takes scanned images of pages containing handwriting or printed text and converts them to text that can be read by a computer and manipulated by word processing programs.

answer

Optical character recognition

question

_______________ is a data encryption program that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication for sending data. It is often used for signing, encrypting and decrypting emails and files to increase the security of sending data over email.

answer

Pretty Good Privacy

question

A ________________ is a number with a set number of digits where the decimal point can be placed anywhere, as 10.5, 3.14, or -623.1231.

answer

floating point number

question

_______________ is the standard method of including metadata or other information about an image. _________________is supported by TIFF and JPEG but is most often seen in JPEG images as captured by digital cameras.

answer

Exchangeable Image File Format

question

BASIC, which stands for \"_______________________________\", is a programming language developed in the mid-1960s intended to provide computer students with a simple way to write programs. It eventually evolved into Microsoft's Visual BASIC, an easy-to-use but fairly slow development environment that made creating new functionality easy for junior developers, though not performant. These days, Visual Basic .NET compiles into standard .NET Framework executables that are interchangeable with other languages.

answer

Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

question

Your _______________ is the hard drive partition which contains the boot flag. The role of the _________________ and by extension the boot flag, is to tell your computer which partition to boot.

answer

active partition

question

______________ is a high-speed I/O technology developed by Intel and introduced by Apple Computer to enable high-speed data transfer between your computer and hard drives, monitors, and other accessories.

answer

Thunderbolt

question

OpenGL or the _____________________ is a 3D graphics language developers can use to create graphics and special effects that will appear uniform across any operating system using any hardware, which supports OpenGL.

answer

Open Graphics Library

question

_________ are annoying programs apart from malicious software such as viruses, Trojan horses. ___________ may include spyware, adware, dialers, joke programs, remote access tools, and other types of programs that don't really damage your computer but slow things down, irritate you, and even worse: possibly steal your personal information.

answer

Grayware

question

A _______________ is a file that contains a range of functions and other shared code that can be accessed by a Windows executable.

answer

Dynamic Link Library

question

In older CRT monitors and TVs, magnetic charges would build up inside them causing a loss of color accuracy. To fix this problem, displays were equipped with a ____________ function which, when used, would discharge this magnetism.

answer

degauss

question

___ was a high-speed bus intended for connecting graphics cards to a computer's motherboard. _____ was created in 1996 and was highly popular until 2004 when it was superseded by PCI Express.

answer

AGP

question

_____________ is a data encryption feature included in the enterprise and Ultimate versions of Windows Vista and Windows 7 as well as the soon to be released Windows 8.

answer

Bitlocker

question

________________ is a type of CPU socket that permits easy replacement or upgrade of a processor. ZIF socket processors can be removed by pulling a small lever and lifting the chip out.

answer

Zero Insertion Force

question

Windows ____________ are typically used on large networks — corporate networks, school networks, and government networks. They aren't something you'll encounter at home unless you have a laptop provided by your employer or school.

answer

domain

question

the \\servershare format is called a UNC (_____________________) path, and it works just about anywhere in Windows. You can utilize it in the explorer address bar, file open and save dialog boxes, or anywhere that you'd normally use a file path.

answer

Universal Naming Convention

question

Any time you have a problem with an application, or something keeps freezing on your computer, or maybe you are trying to figure out what a particular DLL file is used for, _____________ is the tool for the job.

answer

Process Explorer

question

There are definitely a lot of colors in a typical _________________, which can be a little confusing for the beginner geek. It's really important to learn what all these colors mean, because they aren't there just for show — they each mean something important.

answer

Process Explorer list

question

_______________ has long been used as a powerful replacement for the previously anemic Task Manager application in every version of Windows prior to Windows 8, and assuming you want some real power in your hands, it works really well as a replacement in that version too.

answer

Process Explorer

question

Process Explorer has long been used as a powerful replacement for the previously anemic ______________ application in every version of Windows prior to Windows 8, and assuming you want some real power in your hands, it works really well as a replacement in that version too.

answer

Task Manager

question

One of the best features of ________________ is the ability to minimize it into the system tray, but instead of just a single icon, it can minimize into a full set of icons that can monitor CPU, I/O, Disk, Network, GPU, and RAM, or any combination of them. You can configure them to display separately, or not at all, if you prefer.

answer

Process Explorer

question

One of the best features of Process Explorer is the ability to minimize it into the ______________, but instead of just a single icon, it can minimize into a full set of icons that can monitor CPU, I/O, Disk, Network, GPU, and RAM, or any combination of them. You can configure them to display separately, or not at all, if you prefer.

answer

system tray

question

If you are working on a problem PC and want to figure out if a process is a virus, you can save yourself some time by using _______________________ or above, because they've added VirusTotal integration directly into the application. Just right-click on anything in the list to see the option.

answer

Process Explorer version 16

question

If you are working on a problem PC and want to figure out if a process is a virus, you can save yourself some time by using Process Explorer version 16 or above, because they've added ____________________ directly into the application. Just right-click on anything in the list to see the option.

answer

VirusTotal integration

question

So naturally, we wanted to do a bit of investigation into how some of these work, and there's no better place to start than the _______________ malware that has claimed hundreds of millions of computers worldwide. This nefarious awfulness hijacks your search engine in your browser, changes your home page, and most annoyingly, it takes over your New Tab page no matter what your browser is set to.

answer

Conduit Search

question

The ______________________ hijacker is one of the most persistent, awful, and terrible things that nearly every one of your relatives probably has on their computer. They bundle their software in shady ways with any freeware they can, and in many instances, even if you select to opt-out, the hijacker will still be installed.

answer

Conduit search

question

Conduit installs what they call \"_______________\", which they claim prevents malware from making changes to your browser. What they don't mention is that it also prevents you from making any changes to their browser unless you use their Search Protect panel to make those changes, which most people won't know about since it's buried in the system tray.

answer

Search Protect

question

_____________installs what they call \"Search Protect\", which they claim prevents malware from making changes to your browser. What they don't mention is that it also prevents you from making any changes to their browser unless you use their Search Protect panel to make those changes, which most people won't know about since it's buried in the system tray.

answer

Conduit

question

Unlike the Process Explorer utility that we've spent a few days covering, ___________________ is meant to be a passive look at everything that happens on your computer, not an active tool for killing processes or closing handles.

answer

Process Monitor

question

The ________________ utility was created by combining two different old-school utilities together, Filemon and Regmon, which were used to monitor files and registry activity as their names imply.

answer

Process Monitor

question

The Process Monitor utility was created by combining two different old-school utilities together, __________________, which were used to monitor files and registry activity as their names imply.

answer

Filemon and Regmon

question

It's also worth noting that ________________ always requires administrator mode because it loads a kernel driver under the hood to capture all of those events.

answer

Process Monitor

question

So ________________ can capture any type of I/O operation, whether that happens through the registry, file system, or even the network — although the actual data being written isn't captured.

answer

Process Monitor

question

?????So Process Monitor can capture any type of _______________, whether that happens through the registry, file system, or even the network — although the actual data being written isn't captured.

answer

I/O operation

question

_____________ is a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing protocol designed to reduce bandwith overhead and decentralize the distribution of files.

answer

BitTorrent

question

________ cards are a form of non-volatile memory used for storage in portable devices such as digital cameras, mobile phones, MP3 players, and other mobile electronics.

answer

Secure Digital

question

__________ is a digital audio storage format currently the de facto standard for both portable consumer audio devices and internet streaming audio.

answer

MPEG Audio Layer III

question

_________________________ is a digital cabling standard for audio/video transmission that replaced previously used analog cabling standards such as Component video cables.

answer

High-Definition Multimedia Interface

question

_________________ is an encryption technology most commonly used by web browsers to ensure that the information transmitted between the browser and the web server is private and unaltered.

answer

Secure Sockets Layer

question

________ is the common term used to denote the radio-frequency standards outlined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 protocol for wireless local area networks (WLAN).

answer

Wi-Fi

question

In computing terms, _______________ is the time it takes for a data packet to be received by the remote computer. Most computer users, and especially gamers, refer to this communication latency simply as lag.

answer

Communication Latency

question

__________________ are a sub-genre of role-playing video games focused on player interaction in a virtual world.

answer

Massively multiplayer online role-playing games

question

___________, when used in the computational terms, is the amount of data that can be transferred over a given connection in a set period of time.

answer

Bandwidth

question

_____________ is a scientific discipline concerned with studying the interaction of human beings with their environment.

answer

Ergonomics

question

Every time you interact with your computer, smart phone, or game console using a system of on-screen buttons, icons, and other interface elements to do so, you're experiencing one of the miracles of modern computing: the __________________.

answer

Graphic User Interface

question

A _______ is the smallest addressable element in a display device.

answer

pixel

question

__________________ is a cabling standard developed in the mid-1990s in order to decrease the number of peripheral interfaces on the market and create a streamlined standard for future peripherals and interfaces.

answer

Universal Serial Bus

question

___________ is when hackers or scammers attempt to steal personal information like usernames, passwords, or credit cards by pretending to be somebody else, usually through email or other electronic communications.

answer

Phishing

question

The _________________ is a hierarchical naming system for computers and web sites connected to the internet, which associates easy-to-remember names with the IP Address of the actual resource on the network or internet-for instance, the _____entry for www.howtogeek.com maps to the IP address 208.43.115.82. Imagine having to type in the IP address every time you wanted to browse our site!

answer

Domain Name System

question

____________ is a network protocol and a command-line application for virtually every operating system out there.

answer

Telnet

question

_______ is a collection of application program interfaces (API) created by Microsoft that contain a set of commands and functions that allow programmers to much more easily deal with multimedia and video games.

answer

DirectX

question

The ____________ is a type of denial-of-service attack that floods a network using spoofed broadcast ping messages. The attacker sends a large amount of ping requests to a router or server, but spoofs (fakes) the sending IP address, so the servers start sending messages back and forth, flooding the network with requests. They multiply the damage by using a broadcast ping, which requires sending a reply back to every server on the network-and when there are many servers sending messages to every server, the network quickly overloads.

answer

Smurf attack

question

__________ is a scripting language used to power web sites like How-To Geek, and is extremely popular because it is very easy to get a new site up and running compared to many other languages, and the system requirements are very low, so many web sites can be run on a single server.

answer

PHP

question

In computing terms, a ______ is a unit of data storage equal to half a byte-since a byte is 8 binary bits, a _____ is 4 bits. One ______ can be also represented with one hexadecimal character.

answer

nibble

question

___________________ is the protocol users must use before they can post a message and interact with a usenet newsgroup-created in 1986, the _____protocol is a lot like the SMTP protocol for email, but was tailored for exchanging newsgroup articles for groups instead of users. NNTP queries, distribute, posts, and retrieves articles to and from a newsgroup server.

answer

Network News Transfer Protocol

question

The _______ is a control character that that resets the position to the beginning of the line. In the old days, typewriters had a lever that would return to the beginning of the line once you were done typing the line, and then would usually also move down to the next line. In computer terms, the ___________ is usually used with a line feed (LF) that moves down to the next line-the combination is usually CRLF.

answer

carriage return

question

The _____________________ is used for sending email messages-desktop clients only use _____for sending messages-mail servers, on the other hand, use _____for both sending and receiving email from one server to another.

answer

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

question

___________ is a term usually used for the RAM in your computer, and it refers to the amount of times the memory can be accessed while synchronized to the clock-double, in the case of regular DDR.

answer

Double Data Rate

question

A browser _______ is a small piece of data produced by a web site that you have visited, stored in your browser, and then sent back to the web site the next time you visit.

answer

cookie

question

________________ is a standard network protocol that enables file transfer between two TCP/IP-based computers.

answer

File Transfer Protocol

question

_________________ is a Unix-based file sharing protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems in the early 1980s.

answer

Network File System

question

__________________ is a network protocol most commonly used by Windows machines to share access to files, printers, and other peripherals.

answer

Server Message Block

question

A ______________ is a copy of an existing disk that encompasses everything from the files to the file system.

answer

Disk Image

question

___________________ is the process of updating files in two different locations via a set of rules.

answer

File synchronization

question

__________ are small computer programs that extend the functionality of web browsers.

answer

Browser Extensions

question

A ________________ is a software-based tool that helps users manage passwords, pin codes, and other authentication methods.

answer

password manager

question

_________________ is a type of access control technique used by copyright holders, publishers, and hardware manufacturers to limit the use, manipulation, and distribution of digital content after the initial sale of that content.

answer

Digital Rights Management

question

_______________, a sub-set of cryptography, is the process of encoding data so that it is accessible only to authorized parties.

answer

Encryption

question

A ____________ is a collection of computers (or devices like smartphones) connected to the internet that are controlled by a third party for malicious purposes.

answer

botnet

question

_____________ significantly increases the difficulty of imitating a user or otherwise gaining unauthorized access to the user's account by requiring a second unique identifier before allowing access.

answer

Two-factor authentication

question

_______ is unsolicited commercial communication, most commonly in the form of email contact with the recipient.

answer

Spam

question

A ___________, more commonly referred to as simply a \"_________\", is a non-replicating malware application that masquerades as a useful application but instead allows unauthorized access to a user's system.

answer

Trojan Horse

question

_________ is a Unix networking tool (since ported to every major operating system) that is commonly referred to as a \"Swiss Army Knife for TCP/IP\". It was designed to be a reliable back-end tool that can be either directly accessed by the user or called by other applications.

answer

Netcat

question

___________________ is the text language that defines all of the content on every web page that you visit, and is even used in most email clients to display the text you're reading right now.

answer

HyperText Markup Language

question

The __________________ is one of the core networking protocols used to run the Internet. It differs from other transport protocols such as UDP and TCP in that it is not usually used to exchange data between systems but instead used as a diagnostic mechanism.

answer

Internet Control Message Protocol

question

____________ are a vital component of home and business network connectivity. While a simple hub or a network switch can do the job of linking your computers together into a local network (to share files, play LAN-enabled games, or share a printer), you need a ____________ for the critical task of linking two networks together.

answer

Routers

question

If you need to connect multiple wired devices to your network-such as a laser printer, computer, DVR, and so on-you need a _______. A network _______ is a telecommunication device that relays messages from devices connected to it and then transmits them only to the specified receiving device on the network.

answer

switch

question

____________________, is a form of storage technology that combines multiple disk drives into one logical storage unit.

answer

Redundant Array of Independent Disks

question

A ___________ is a network security tool designed to monitor network traffic and allow or block network activity based on a set of predetermined rules. It acts as a bridge between an internal network and an external network.

answer

firewall

question

The _________________ is one of the most critical components of a computer system. It is responsible for converting the mains AC into low-voltage and properly regulated DC power for the hardware components of the computer can safely utilize.

answer

Power Supply Unit

question

In computing, ______________ refers to the specifications of the motherboard and encompasses the physical size, mounting hole pattern, power supply type, the back-panel ports, and other design parameters.

answer

form factor

question

The _________________, is the proverbial brain of the computer. Modern ______________s are made from silicon and have a very high density of integrated circuits etched into silicon wafers.

answer

Central Processing Unit

question

______________ is a widely adopted wireless standard designed to replace cables for low-power data transmission over short spaces. The standard was developed by Swedish technology and telecommunications giant Ericsson in the early 1990s.

answer

Bluetooth

question

___________________ is a set of standards for close-proximity communication between smartphones and similar mobile electronics. It is built upon existing Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) standards but expands functionality by enabling two-way communication and encryption.

answer

Near Field Communication

question

A ______________ is an element included in a computer or cryptographic system intended to allow the user to bypass normal authentication methods built into that system.

answer

backdoor

question

_________________ is the machine recognition of printed characters. The software takes a scanned document, photograph, or other digital source that includes printed text, and uses sophisticated algorithms to search out letter patterns in the text, converting it from a non-machine-readable image to a machine-readable (and human-editable) ASCII text.

answer

Optical Character Recognition

question

______________________, is a term used to encompass technological tools used to differentiate humans from computers during online interactions-usually with a focus on preventing automated computer systems from abusing email services, repeatedly trying to enter passwords, or otherwise creating undue strain or security problems for networked services.

answer

Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart

question

__________________ is data which describes other data, usually to provide additional information about the content of the original data. Digital cameras, for example, routinely include a wide range of metadata with each photograph they take. The photograph itself is the primary data, the metadata is data attached to that photograph such as the date of capture, the settings the camera used (EXIF data that includes such information as the shutter speed or aperture settings), and the file size.

answer

Metadata

question

_______________ is a portmanteau of the words Internet and etiquette. _____________ is broad term encompassing appropriate behavior on computer networks and the greater internet. Much like real-world etiquette governs things like appropriate dress, topics of discussion, methods of communication (such as wedding invitations and RSVP standards), and so on, ___________ seeks to provide similar structure to online interactions.

answer

Netiquette

question

___________________, is the convention by which domain names are combined with file path syntax to create human readable addresses for internet stored materials. This convention was proposed by Tim Berners-Lee, the creator of the World Wide Web, in 1994 as a method of making web-based resources more accessible.

answer

Universal Resource Locator

question

Historically, a ____________ referred to the blending of musical genres. While the term still retains that meaning in the music world, in computer lingo ____________ has come to refer to the blending of multiple web applications (and their data) into a single interface or application.

answer

mashup

question

__________________is a wireless non-contact data transfer system used for identification and tracking. The chip is a small electronic module roughly the size of a grain of rice that contains a unique serial number and other information about the object to which it is attached.

answer

Radio Frequency Identification

question

A ________________ is a computer network that connects computers and devices in a limited physical area such as a home, school, or commercial building.

answer

Local Area Network

question

An _______________, is the unique numeric identifier attached to all devices on an IP-based network. Every client, server, and network device is assigned a unique ______________ to ensure that it can send and receive data on the network without interfering or colliding with another networked device.

answer

Internet Protocol address

question

______________, also known as progressive scanning, is a way of displaying video wherein each line of the video display is drawn in sequence. This is a direct contrast to interlaced video wherein the odd and then even lines are refreshed.

answer

Progressive video

question

_________________ is a technique used to double the perceived frame rate of a video source without consuming extra bandwidth.

answer

Interlaced video

question

_______________ are designed to transmit data across geographic regions, countries, and even between continents. Large corporations routinely deploy _________ to connect geographically diverse employee populations, enabling them to connect easily to shared resources and conduct business as if they were sharing a massive company LAN.

answer

Wide area network

question

Network ___________ are simple pieces of network hardware that connect multiple Ethernet devices together so that they share a single physical Ethernet connection and function as a single network segment.

answer

hubs

question

___________________ is a popular image format developed by CompuServe in the late 1980s. Originally created to replace a previous CompuServe created format RLE (which could only display black and white), the original version of the _____________ was essentially just another image format in a sea of file formats.

answer

Graphics Interchange Format

question

_____________ is an internet communication protocol designed for real-time text messaging. The protocol was created in 1988 as a replacement for a BBS-based chat program called MultiUser Talk.

answer

Internet Relay Chat

question

_______________ is a set of operating instructions embedded in a computer system on a non-volatile memory chip. Common electronics like GPS units, network routers, and gaming consoles routinely have their operating instructions fully or partially stored as _______________.

answer

Firmware

question

_________________ is the process of bringing your monitor into alignment, or calibration, with a known state. Simply adjusting your monitor so that it displays contrast and color in a fashion pleasing to you is not true calibration, as calibration involves linking the output of your display with the output of a device.

answer

Monitor calibration

question

A ________________ is a passive heat exchanger added to computers and other heat-producing electronics to assist in cooling components. _____________ range from small and simple finned metal cubes attached to low-temperature components (such as embedded processors) to large tower-like structures with integrated fans attached to high-temperature components (multi-core CPUs and GPU chips).

answer

heat sink

question

A ____________ is a set of inputs mapped to a key, shortcut, or string of text so that the user is able to summon a large set of inputs with a minimal amount of input. Computer users create and deploy _____________ for everything from speeding up programming tasks to semi-automating repetitive and routine word processing entries.

answer

macro

question

The word ____________ is a portmanteau of \"coder-decoder\" and denotes the role of codecs in encoding/decoding digital data. Specifically, ______________ refer to the hardware and/or software that encode and decode digital audio and video streams, such as those used for watching local digital video, streaming video over the Internet, video conferencing, and other multimedia applications.

answer

codec

question

__________________ are a type of metadata appended to the end of computer file names to indicate to the operating system what format the file is in. It is by this mechanism that Windows knows to open File.txt with Notepad, File.doc with Microsoft Word, and to attempt to lauch File.exe as an application.

answer

File extensions

question

FAQ is an acronym for __________________.

answer

Frequently Asked Questions

question

In computing and gaming an ________________ is a piece of hardware or software designed to duplicate the behavior of another set of hardware/software.

answer

emulator

question

A ________________, more typically referred to simply as a driver, is a program routine that allows communication between the hardware components of a computer (including both internal and peripheral components) and the operating system.

answer

device driver

question

?????____________ is one of the most impressive tools that you can have in your toolkit, as there is almost no other way to see what an application is actually doing under the hood.

answer

Process Monitor

question

_________________ allows you to see nearly every single thing that is loaded automatically on your computer, and disable it as easy as clicking a checkbox. It's incredibly easy to use, and nearly self-explanatory, except for some of the really complicated things you need to know to understand what some of the tabs actually mean. That's what this lesson is going to teach.

answer

Autoruns

question

The _______________displays information on the desktop, and it works in a server environment as well — in fact, that's probably where it is the most useful, but it also works on anybody's computer, so you can test things out on your local machine before running the configuration on the server.

answer

BGInfo utility

question

If you've ever wanted to connect to another computer and run a command, quickly get information about processes running and optionally kill them, or even stop a service on another PC, you can use the ________________ to do all of these things and even more.

answer

PsTools utilities

question

The most important file-related tools in the kit to get to know are probably the __________________, but it would be wise to read through them all carefully.

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Sigcheck and Streams utilities

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Shows information on the system CPU and all of the features. Ever wondered if your CPU is 64-bit or if it supports hardware-based virtualization? You can see all that and much, much more with the _______________. This can be really useful if you want to see whether an older computer can run the 64-bit version of Windows or not.

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coreinfo utility

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This command line utility opens up the Registry Editor and navigates down to the key that you specify as an argument on the command line. No more manually clicking through the tree... assuming you use it. The syntax:

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regjump

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____________________ is a security feature that helps prevent unauthorized system changes to your Windows computer or device.

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User Account Control

question

If you use Windows Vista or Windows 7, then ________________ is a security tool that protects your computer from spyware.

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Windows Defender

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__________________ is an important security application that's built into Windows. One of its roles is to block unauthorized access to your computer. The second role is to permit authorized data communications to and from your computer.

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Windows Firewall

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Put simply, ___________________________ is a management snap-in for the Windows Firewall from which you can control in a very detailed way, all the rules and exceptions that govern how the Windows Firewall works.

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Windows Firewall with Advanced Security

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The __________________ analyzes all the web pages that you are visiting and the files that you are trying to download or run. If it finds them as being suspicious, you are informed about the possible risks you are exposing yourself to.

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SmartScreen Filter

question

The ________________ is a feature of Windows that continuously monitors the state of your system.

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Action Center

question

One of the most important steps in keeping your system secure is to leave ___________ turned on and working on a regular basis.

answer

Windows Update

question

?????________________ is one of the most popular free antivirus products. You can use it for free for 30 days, but if you want to use it longer you have to register an account with ___________!

answer

avast! Free Antivirus

question

A ______________ is a software or hardware tool that captures every key pressed on a computer's keyboard.

answer

keystroke logger

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When the operating system of your computer or mobile device displays a small notification on your screen, you're experiencing a __________________.

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\"toast\" notification

question

An ________________is a decentralized wireless network.

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ad hoc network

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An ____________ is a piece of hardware that bridges communication between wireless devices and a physical network. The Wi-Fi nodes found in coffee shops and other public spaces as well as the Wi-Fi enabled router found in many homes are examples of ____________.

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access point

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_____ is shorthand for fourth generation cellular technology.

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4G

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_____ is shorthand for the third generation of cellular technology.

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3G

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______ is shorthand for the second generation of cellular technology.

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2G

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__________________ is a derivative of Short Messaging Service (SMS), designed to break through the text-only/160 character limitation of SMS-powered text messages.

answer

Multimedia Messaging Service

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_______________, or as most of us call it, texting, is the text messaging component of cellular communication networks. It's the most widely used communication protocol in the world, with billions of people the world over collectively sending six trillion text messages annually.

answer

Short Message Service

question

Jabber, later renamed the __________________, is an open standard for instant messaging. It was developed in the late 1990s and released for public use in 1999. Since then it has become the most popular instant messaging framework around, with everyone from small companies and universities deploying private Jabber servers to adoption by Google as the driving protocol for their enormous Google Talk system.

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Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol

question

A __________ computer is a computer that has been taken over by some mechanism (Trojan virus, backdoor exploit, etc.) so that a remote party has access to the machine and is able to call upon the machine to perform some task.

answer

zombie

question

Historically, the term \"________\" was used to denote a part or piece of machine that was unidentified (or did not, for the purposes, need to be identified). In modern computer-slanted usage, a ________ is a small interface display designed to clearly convey information to the user.

answer

widget

question

Internet Service Providers, web sites that offer various services (especially communication related), and temporary providers of internet access (such as University and Public library computer labs) will generally have you sign off on an ______________ before allowing you to use their service.

answer

Acceptable Use Policy

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The ______________ are the legal terms by which the user must agree with in order to use the service in question.

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Terms of Service

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__________________, is an internet standard that extends the functionality of email to include non-text attachments, multi-part message bodies, and text in character sets other than ASCII.

answer

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

question

A ___________ is a passive heat exchanger designed to disperse heat from electronic devices and help maintain stable operating temperatures. ___________ are designed to have a large surface area (usually achieved via fins, much like a radiator) to maximize the volume of cooling material (typically air) that comes in contact with the surface of the ___________.

answer

heat sink

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The ______________ is a software tool included with an operating system to give users the ability to feed commands to the operating system for immediate execution.

answer

command line

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The ____________ layout was created in the 1930s by Dr. August Dvorak and his brother in-law Dr. William Dealey. The two created the layout in order to alleviate problems with the popular QWERTY keyboard configuration (the very configuration still in use today by hundreds of millions of typists worldwide).

answer

Dvorak Keyboard

question

The _______________, called such because the first five keys in the top letter row form the word, is the standard English keyboard used by hundreds of millions of computer users world wide.

answer

QWERTY keyboard

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_______________ are a recent innovation in computing. Historically, computers had a single core, or processing unit. All computations performed by the computer were directed through the single core in a linear fashion. The only way to increase the speed of the computer was to increase the power of the single processor-and this was precisely how desktop and server computing grew throughout the 1980s and 1990s.

answer

Multi-core processors

question

_______ is a phrase used to encapsulate the design choices of web sites from the early 2000s moving forward. Unlike earlier web design choices that presented users with static web pages and no chance for interaction or alteration, __________ sites are designed for a richer user experience.

answer

Web 2.0

question

In the early years of the web, sites were designed around what are now referred to as __________ elements. These elements included static pages (as oppose to user-generated content), segregated and inaccessible user data, use of frames and tables to position content on the page, prolific GIF buttons (also supported via tables), and email forms.

answer

Web 1.0

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A _____________ occurs when a computer application acquires computer memory but fails to release it back to the operating system when the memory is no longer needed. Memory leaks diminish system performance by reducing the available pool of memory accessible to the operating system and other applications.

answer

memory leak

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_____________ is the process of increasing the speed of a CPU or other computer component beyond the clock frequency specified by the manufacturer. This is achieved by increasing the clock rate, changing the chip multipliers, or manipulating timing cycles.

answer

Overclocking

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?????This tool is used internally by Windows to run many tasks that only need to be run occasionally rather than always running.

answer

Task Scheduler

question

You might be thinking that the _________ is just a way to schedule an application to run at a certain time, but it is so much more than that, and has become an integral part of Windows.

answer

Task Scheduler

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The biggest problem with __________ is that it can be really confusing - there are a lot of warnings, errors, and informational messages, and without knowing what it all means, you can assume (incorrectly) that your computer is broken or infected when there's nothing really wrong.

answer

Event Viewer

question

The _______________ seems fairly simple at first glance. There's a list of your hard drives combined with a graphical representation of the partitions on each one. You can create and edit partitions... but there is a lot more to do. You can create Spanned, Striped, or Mirrored volumes across multiple disks, or you can create and attach virtual hard drives.

answer

Disk Management utility

question

The ____________ is a hierarchical database that contains all of the configurations and settings used by components, services, applications, and pretty much everything in Windows.

answer

Windows Registry

question

Everybody knows how to use __________, including people that know almost nothing about Windows. They hit CTRL + ALT + DEL and then select ___________ from the list, because they don't know that you should use CTRL + SHIFT + ESC instead to launch it instantly. And then they close whatever process Windows says is hanging.

answer

task manager

question

This panel contains the settings for some important features in Windows, including virtual memory page file, system protection, data execution protection, processor scheduling, environment variables, and startup options for dual-boot configurations.

answer

System Properties

question

____________ are a special type of application that is configured to launch and run in the background, in some cases before the user has even logged in.

answer

Windows services

question

?????____________ are a really powerful way to setup a corporate network with each of the computers locked down so users can't mess them up with unwanted changes, and stop them from running unapproved software, among many other uses.

answer

Group Policies

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_____________ is a phrase coined by blogger and productivity writer Merlin Mann in 2006 to refer to email management techniques and strategies designed to keep the user's email inbox as empty as possible.

answer

Inbox Zero

question

_______________ is a term used to describe a scorched earth approach to getting an overwhelming backlog of emails under control.

answer

Email bankruptcy

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The _________________ is a unique hardware identification number assigned to network interfaces.

answer

Media Access Control address

question

_____________ are applications which run on modern multitasking computer operating systems as background processes rather than as foreground processes (visible to the user). These background processes sit idle waiting for input and then spring to life, performing their intended function.

answer

Daemons

question

_______________ is a Windows-based security infrastructure introduced with the release of Windows Vista/Windows Server 2008. The development of _______ was a move by Microsoft intended to introduce the concept of regular user/superuser security structures, common in Unix-like operating systems, to Windows.

answer

User Account Control

question

_________ is a program for Unix-like systems that allows users to run programs with the security privileges of another user-typically a user with a higher level of access such as the superuser/root account.

answer

Sudo

question

A ____________ is an organization or individual that profits from the manipulation of and speculation in the Domain Name market.

answer

Domainer

question

__________ is an ideological and language offshoot of the idea of Spam.

answer

Bacn

question

_______________ are companies that accept new (and maintain old) domain name records. Whether you're a major corporation or just an individual who wants to hold www.yourname.com for vanity purposes, you need to deal with a __________________ like Network Solutions or Dreamhost.

answer

Domain Name Registrars

question

In computer networking, a _______________ is a collection of computers on a local area network that share resources (such as shared folders and printer access). _________________ are best suited for small networks of 50 devices or less, such as a home or small office network. Beyond that number of devices, administration and management become unwieldy and setting up a domain system is advised.

answer

Workgroup

question

__________________ was founded in 1998 to ensure there was a non-profit, international, and impartial organization to coordinate all of the Internet's addressing and protocol systems, develop naming conventions, and accredit Domain Name Registrars to handle the commercial side of domain sales and distribution.

answer

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

question

____________ is the standard networking convention for the local computer. Any time a computer needs to refer to itself for testing purposes or to direct TCP/IP-based commands back to itself, it can use \"_______________\" or the loopback address \"127.0.0.1″-an IP reserved specifically for the _______________.

answer

Localhost

question

A _____________ is a communications network in which each node shares at least two pathways with two other nodes (and thus has redundant access to the communication network). Mesh networks are extremely stable as they are resistant to decay if multiple nodes are damaged or removed from service.

answer

mesh network

question

______________ is the process of converting audio or video from its native format to another format for the purposes of reducing the file size and/or re-encoding it to play on a wider variety of devices.

answer

Ripping

question

In photography, the _____________ refers to the portion of a photograph that is in focus-specifically the distance between the nearest and farthest objects or surfaces in the photograph that appear acceptably sharp and in focus to the viewer.

answer

Depth of Field

question

At its most basic, an _____________ is simply a hole through which light travels-although the use of aperture to refer to any old portal through which light passes has certainly fallen out of a fashion. The term is most widely used in terms of optical systems such as cameras and telescopes.

answer

aperture

question

_____________ is a feature available on almost every digital camera-most point-and-shoot models and every DSLR-that allows the camera to properly register the color white within the lighting conditions under which the photo is taken.

answer

White balance

question

An ______________ is a program or script run on a mail server that automatically replies to emails.

answer

autoresponder

question

Many anti-virus and malware scanners have a ________________. This mode allows users to take a file that has been flagged as a potential threat and effectively lock it away temporarily while they investigate and determine if the file is a legitimate threat or if there was a false alert and the file needs to be restored to its previous location.

answer

quarantine mode

question

________________ is like putting your computer in a state of suspended animation. Unlike sleep mode, where the core system remains powered up (but the peripherals and hard disks are powered down), ________________ effectively powers down the system while preserving the work state over time.

answer

Hibernation mode

question

_____________ is power-saving state employed by both computers and mobile devices. While in _______________, a device will partially power down components and peripherals to save power, but will leave the core systems operational so that the user may get back to work as quickly as possible.

answer

Sleep mode

question

A ____________ is a symbol used to indicate any value is acceptable in that location when performing a task or search query.

answer

wild card

question

___________________ is a commonly used acronym within the tech support community to indicate that the reported problem with the system is not a failure of any software or hardware component, but is instead a wetware failure-the user of the computer is the source of the problem.

answer

Problem Exists Between Chair And Keyboard

question

?????A ______________ is a collection of settings and information that tells Windows which files and folders you can access, what you can do on your computer, what are your preferences, and what network resources you can access when connected to a network.

answer

user account

question

The ____________ is a collection of computers that are part of the same network. All the computers are peers and do not have control over another computer. The ____________ facilitates the detection of the computers that are part of it and the sharing of resources like folders or printers.

answer

workgroup

question

The _____________ is a folder that's found on all Windows computers by going to \"C:UsersPublic\".

answer

Public folder

question

The Public folder is a folder that's found on all Windows computers by going to \"___________________\".

answer

C:UsersPublic

question

A _______________'s purpose is to easily facilitate the sharing of files and printers with other people on a home network. This feature doesn't work on public or business networks because it is designed specifically for home users.

answer

Homegroup

question

?????_______________ is one way of sharing resources in Windows. It allows for detailed customization of the way you are sharing and it has the following characteristics: • You can use it to share folders, external hard drives and internal drives (your partitions, Blu-Ray or DVD drives). • You can use it to deny access to a specific resource for a specific user account or user group. • You can use it to limit the number of simultaneous users accessing a shared resource. • You can use it to share resources with one or more share names. • You cannot use \"________________\" for sharing libraries or printers.

answer

Advanced Sharing

question

DPI is a common term used primarily in regard to printers and their output. It stands for ______________ and represents the resolution number of __________ in digital printing. The actual print resolution can be calculated by squaring the DPI number. Thus a printer with 100 DPI rating is capable of printing 10,000 dots per square inch, and a printer with a 1200 DPI rating is capable of printing 1,440,00 dots per square inch.

answer

dots per inch

question

___________ designs have been pivotal in the development of powerful but energy efficient mobile electronics. Compared to a traditional computing system where functions are performed by discrete components (the CPU, GPU, sound processor, etc.), the __________ design packs everything onto a single chip. It is this miniaturization that allows a single chip in a modern smartphone to handle the core processing needs of the device as well as decode video, audio, and manage the extras on the device like motion sensors and cameras.

answer

System-on-Chip

question

A ___________ is special type of web browser bookmark that extends the functionality of the bookmark system. While a traditional bookmark is a static entry that contains the title and URL of the bookmarked page, ______________ instead contain snippets of JavaScript that acts upon the current web page in some manner.

answer

Bookmarklet

question

A _________ is a digitally stored location intended to facilitate the user's quick return to a previous location (just like a physical ___________ helps the user return to their last location in a book).

answer

bookmark

question

______________ are electronic devices that still draw power even when the device appears to be off. In some cases the the draw is quite small as is the case with an electronic transformer which carries a steady 1 watt load when the device attached to it is turned off. In other cases the draw can be surprisingly high, as is the case with many cable boxes and other media peripherals that consume a significant amount of power when they are powered off (as they do a variety of tasks behind the scenes such as updating programming schedules, recording and downloading content, etc.)

answer

Vampire devices

question

Compared to a traditional blog-wherein posts are usually developed like essays-______ quite tiny, focused on short snippets of content and typically only include very short commentary and/or photo, video, or other multimedia elements.

answer

microblogs

question

A _________ (a portmanteau of \"web\" and \"log\") is a website that contains stories and updates in reverse chronological order-the most recent entries appear at the top of the front page, and you browse backwards to move through the past articles.

answer

Blog

question

____________ are high-end subnotebooks. Although the term has become synonymous with very lightweight yet full size laptop computers, it's actually a trademark of computer company Intel and has specific criterion. The specifications cover battery life (5 hours or better), height (21 mm or thinner), time from hibernation resume (7 seconds or better) and, as you would expect, and Intel processor.

answer

Ultrabooks

question

____________ are a class of portable computers designed to be smaller and lighter than a typical laptop computer, yet still run a full fledged operating system (such as Windows 8) and not a lightweight mobile-device operating system (such as Windows CE).

answer

Subnotebooks

question

____________ systems rely on direct system-to-system connections without a central infrastructure or server system facilitating the transmission of data or resources. __________ systems are utilized in situations where it is ideal to distribute loads across many users. In the case of BitTorrent (a type of distributed file sharing system), files are not stored on a central server, but instead are shared piece-by-piece in a distributed network composed of many users. This makes it easy to get popular files quickly and it protects the network from being shut down by outside authorities.

answer

Peer-to-Peer

question

___________ are a special type on-screen button found within application user interfaces. A ________________ functions such that if you select one of the available options (say, printing in color instead of black and white), any other entry you made will be automatically deselected.

answer

Radio buttons

question

_____________ is an abstract mathematical system used to describe colors using numerical values

answer

Color space

question

_____________, are programs that search for information on the World Wide Web. ______________ are most widely employed by search engine companies and are used to create ever-growing indexes of web pages and their content. At its most elementary, a ____________ visits a known web page and then explores all the links on that web page (discovering new web pages in the process and repeating the sequence on them). Content that is not accessible to ___________ is known as the Deep Web.

answer

Web Crawlers

question

The _____________ is web-based content that is not found in search engine results. Unlike Darknets, wherein the content is explicitly encrypted and kept from public view, most of the _____________ content is invisible to search engines and their users simply because there are no links pointing the content.

answer

Deep Web

question

A ____________ is a network within a network operated expressly to facilitate the distribution of files, information, and communications while concealing the identity of participants.

answer

Darknet

question

______________ is the world's largest implementation of onion routing communication techniques. The TOR system is composed of thousands of volunteers around the world who run TOR proxy servers. When someone connects to the TOR proxy network, their communications are encrypted and passed through a series of TOR proxies. Any TCP-based application that supports standard SOCKS proxy protocols can be connected to the TOR network.

answer

The Onion Router

question

______________ is a method used for anonymous communication over wide area networks.

answer

Onion Routing

question

A common feature of email discussion lists and newsgroup discussions, a _________ is a daily or weekly summary distributed to the users. _____________ make it easy to read over all the new developments of that day (or week) at once instead of slogging through multiple individual emails or postings.

answer

digest

question

______________ is the process by which displays are lit via light shined through them towards the user. Smartphone screens, computer monitors, television sets, and other common display interfaces are lit by LED or fluorescent lights in this fashion.

answer

Backlighting

question

______________ is an optical interface that links audio-capable devices using the S/PDIF standard over fiber optic cables. __________ is capable of transfer rates of up to 1.2 Gbps. __________ ports are found on a wide variety of consumer electronics including DVD players, cable boxes, amplifiers, and other home audio/video equipment.

answer

Toshiba Link

question

______________ is a serial interface for transferring digital audio from DVD, CD, and other disc-based players to stereo amplifiers, television sets, and other equipment.

answer

Sony/Philips Digital InterFace

question

_______________ is the piece of hardware that provides a connection between the computer and a computer network. Historically, a ___________ was a discrete expansion card added into a computer to provide access to a hard wired network such as an Ethernet or Token Ring LAN.

answer

Network Interface Card

question

?????\"______________\" has been around in one form or another since Windows 9x because it's one of the easiest and fastest ways to clean up your hard disks without installing third-party software.

answer

Disk Cleanup

question

When it comes to keeping your system running well, hard drive optimization is important. Windows includes a great tool to keep your drives in tip-top condition.

answer

Drive Optimizer

question

The \"___________\" has always been the geek's go-to tool for diagnosing and alleviating system slowdowns. Windows 8.x continues this tradition with an attractive \"_______________\" makeover and improved diagnostic tools.

answer

Task Manager

question

We hear this so often that it seems to have lost most of its meaning. Luckily, Windows 8.x includes simple tools such as \"__________\" and \"___________\" so you can protect yourself from catastrophic data loss!

answer

File History, System Image

question

The cleanup tools that come with Windows work well, don't get us wrong, but if you're really pressed for space, then sometimes you need to dig a little deeper. __________ is a free program that you can download and install, which will root out all those space hogs and safely delete them.

answer

CCleaner

question

One of the best ways to unburden your computer and quickly free up resources, is to disable items that automatically launch when Windows boots. These startup items not only suck up system resources like little vampires, they also often cause your computer to boot longer. The old school way to deal with startup items is to use the \"System Configuration\" utility on Windows 7. Launch a \"Run\" window by typing \"WIN + R\" and then \"__________.\"

answer

msconfig

question

One of the best ways to unburden your computer and quickly free up resources, is to disable items that automatically launch when Windows boots. These startup items not only suck up system resources like little vampires, they also often cause your computer to boot longer. The old school way to deal with startup items is to use the \"__________\" utility on Windows 7. Launch a \"Run\" window by typing \"WIN + R\" and then \"msconfig.\"

answer

System Configuration

question

_____________ is a free program from Piriform software that takes the work out of cleaning up your computer. Make sure that you download the \"Slim\" installer version that doesn't contain any toolbars or other crapware.

answer

CCleaner

question

When it comes to recommending any one AV scanner, we still say do some reading and try a few things out. But, if you're simply looking for something to install right now and forget about, then you will be well protected with \"______________.\"

answer

Avast! Free Antivirus

question

?????Windows provides a utility, aptly named, \"_____________,\" that allows you to keep your system patched and secure (to an extent) from any malicious attempts to gain access and seize control of your computer.

answer

Windows Update

question

________, a portmanteau of advertisement and software, is a term used to denote a hybrid between freeware and shareware applications.

answer

Adware

question

____________, a portmanteau of share and software, is a popular term which denotes that a given application is intended to be freely shared and distributed but that some form of monetary compensation is due the author.

answer

Shareware

question

_________, a portmanteau of free and software, is a popular term which denotes that a given application is available for use either without monetary compensation to the author or owner of the application, or with a suggested donation (a sub-classification of freeware referred to as donationware).

answer

Freeware

question

__________ are text masks which help users manage their email as well as reduce spam.

answer

Email filters

question

A ________ is a small utility that loads before a computer loads its primary (or secondary) operating systems that allows you to select which (of multiple) operating systems you wish to load at the given moment.

answer

boot manager

question

The ___________ is the software component within a given web browser that renders the HTML code of fetched web pages into a human-readable interface.

answer

browser engine

question

__________ is the space that borders the main view portal of a web browser-including the menus, navigation bar, frame, scroll bars, and address bar.

answer

Browser chrome

question

____________ is a feature of modern web browsers wherein additional viewing portals may be opened within the same primary window.

answer

Tabbed browsing

question

_________ is the foundation of the World Wide Web and the browsing experience.

answer

Hypertext

question

The _________ is a mechanism for the temporary storage of web documents intended to reduce bandwidth usage, server load, and the user's perception of browser latency.

answer

web cache

question

____________ is a feature available on most modern web browsers wherein the user can access the web browser's cache and browse the pages there as if they were actively connected to the original web server.

answer

Offline browsing

question

Just like your spinal cord connects the tens of thousands of peripheral nerves in your body, massive high speed fiber optic lines connect major cities and regions. These \"_______________\" link the smaller networks built by individual Internet Service Providers, which in turn connect to the end user.

answer

internet backbones

question

An _________ is the company that provides internet access between the greater internet infrastructure and the end consumer.

answer

Internet Service Provider

question

The rise in popularity of Wi-Fi enabled devices has fueled an interest in _________-small devices that act as a hybrid cellular modem and Wi-Fi router.

answer

mobile hotspots

question

A ___________ is an add-on device for a mobile computer that plugs into a USB port or ExpressCard slot to provide cellular data service to the mobile computer.

answer

cellular modem

question

______is the process by which a computer is connected to a cellphone in order to provide internet access to the computer. _________was originally a wired process, wherein a cellphone would be connected to the computer via specialized cable (and later via standardized USB cable) in order to share its data connection with the secondary machine.

answer

Tethering

question

__________is the process of customizing software and accompanying documentation for a specific region, country, or social group. The process includes text translation, adaptation of user menus, and inclusion of specialty characters.

answer

Localization

question

A ___________ is a computer utility which allows the user to view the status of all running applications and background services. Typical features include the ability to monitor CPU and memory usage globally as well as on an app-by-app basis. In addition, users can request more information about individual applications and terminate applications which are not responding or otherwise non-functional.

answer

task manager

question

__________ is a conductive substance used to form a seal between two objects to ensure a consistent and thorough transfer of heat. .

answer

Thermal paste

question

The ____________, typically labeled F1 through F12, are hardware keys on a computer keyboard reserved by the operating system or the current application to perform a given function.

answer

function keys

question

An __________ is when a very large volume of email messages are sent within a very short span of time. This has the potential to temporarily cripple both the sending and receiving mail servers.

answer

email storm

question

___________is a designation of the number of discrete elements an electronic or printed image is comprised of.

answer

Resolution

question

___________ are an artifact left over from earlier versions of Windows. Prior to Windows 95, Windows stored critical system variables in INI files (which were essentially just text documents with variable lists in them). Starting with Windows 95, all these settings were found in the Windows Registry system and Microsoft encouraged software developers to do the same.

answer

Initialization files

question

A _________ is an indoor cellular access point that uses internet access at its location of installation to route cellular calls over the internet. __________ are powerful enough to cover the area of a large home or small business (roughly 4-5,000 square feet) and benefit both the user and the cellular provider in that they provide a better signal for the end user and decrease the load on the cell provider's tower system.

answer

femtocell

question

_____________ is a method of displaying text and graphics on computer in the same fashion they will either be rendered for the viewer on another computer or by a printer.

answer

What You See Is What You Get

question

__________ is a technique used by to smooth the appearance of jagged lines in graphical images.

answer

Anti-aliasing

question

A _________ is a pixel that, unlike a dead pixel, is not inactive but instead stuck on a single color and unresponsive to the attached computer's commands.

answer

hot pixel

question

A ________ is a pixel in a liquid crystal or other non-CRT display that no longer responds to input from the controlling computer and is incapable of displaying any colors.

answer

dead pixel

question

___________ are a fusion of traditional hard drive technology (magnetic platters) and newer solid state drive technology (flash memory).

answer

Hybrid drives

question

A ____________ is an electronic storage medium that uses flash memory instead of magnetic platters to store data.

answer

solid state drive

question

__________ is one speed measurement used to assess the performance of platter-based hard drives. The faster a drive platter spins, the faster the read/write assembly of the hard drive can access the data.

answer

Revolutions Per Minute

question

The __________ is the primary storage medium on most computers.

answer

hard drive

question

Like the Electronic Serial Number (ESN) and later Mobile Equipment Identifier (MEID) identify CDMA-band phones, the _______________ identifies GSM-band phones.

answer

International Mobile Station Equipment Identity

question

____________is the application of gaming principles to non-game environments, usually with the intention of increasing user engagement. Exercise programs that create game-like environments and achievement systems based on the amount and frequency of exercise, for example, have applied gaming principles to what would otherwise be regarded by most people as a mundane and unpleasant task.

answer

Gamification

question

The power transformers/adapters that many electronics require are, non-affectionately, referred to as ____________. The unpleasant sounding term pokes fun at the adapters which are generally ugly, bulky, and quite frequently block nearby electrical sockets.

answer

wall warts

question

A __________ is a means of attaching an easily understood and search-friendly identifier to instant messages, chats, tweets, and other searchable media. ___________are most commonly prefixed by the number sign and followed by a single entry (which may be a single word or multiple words condensed into one). For example, people discussing the Olympics on Twitter might tag their posts with #2014Olympics.

answer

hashtag

question

A _____________ is an account on a computer system that has the lowest level of access privileges.

answer

guest account

question

Although ____________ and user profiles seem interchangeable (and in many systems they are directly linked), the ___________ is distinct from the user profile in that the ____________ is primarily used to manage security permissions, while the user profile is used to manage superficial elements like the user interface.

answer

user accounts

question

___________ are sets of data stored on computers and gaming devices so that each individual user of the machine can have a unique experience.

answer

User profiles

question

_____________ is a specific peripheral class designed to input data to a computer.

answer

Human Interface Device

question

A ___________ is an application intended to conceal non-work activities in the workplace.

answer

boss screen

question

__________ are a physical screen panel or film mounted on to desktop monitor or laptop screen. These add-on panels feature special microscopic louvers within the material so that the angle of viewing available while using the monitor becomes extremely restricted for the purposes of keeping others from looking at the screen.

answer

Privacy screens

question

An __________is a set of ordered steps used to solve a problem. In the realm of computers and their associated functions, ________ are used to manage all manner of tasks including encoding and decoding video and other multimedia content, encrypting and decrypting secure transmissions, and otherwise automating the complex mathematics that underpin the modern computing experience.

answer

algorithm

question

___________ are a type of information appliance that is designed so that the user can quickly decode information without the necessity of reading any sort of digital or physical printout.

answer

Ambient Information Devices

question

A ____________ is a computer that runs Apple's Mac OS X operating system but is not (as is traditionally the case) an Apple-built computer.

answer

Hackintosh

question

__________ is a term applied to the stream of waste generated by discarded electronics such as monitors, cellphones, and other electronic devices large and small.

answer

Electronic Waste

question

________ is utility found on DOS, OS/2, and Windows-based machines. It is used to check file system integrity on hard disks and removable media and, in its modern form in Windows, can also check for physical errors and bad sectors.

answer

CHKDSK

question

_______ is a network data retrieval tool used to look up information about a given host.

answer

Whois

question

___________ is a computer network diagnostic tool that, as the name implies, traces the route packets of data take from the machine the command is executed on to the remote host.

answer

Traceroute

question

__________, also frequently called Name, is a simple network protocol used for the exchange of user status and contact information. Introduced in the 1970s, it was used to locate other users on a given computer network and see if they were logged in and/or available. While historically significant, its use declined steadily into the 1990s, as security concerns, other venues of contact information sharing, and incompatibility with NAT-based routing (such as commonly found in home and corporate routers) quickly made _______an unattractive communication tool.

answer

Finger

question

_________ is a common computer network administration tool used to test whether or not a host is reachable on an Internet Protocol (IP) based network and to measure the amount of time it took to reach that host and receive a reply.

answer

Ping

question

A ___________, or non-variable width font, is a font wherein each character in the font set is given equal spacing regardless of the size and shape of the letter.

answer

monospaced font

question

______________ are typeface fonts that employ a dynamic spacing system wherein the shape of the letters and other characters are considered when spacing the letters on the line. By this mechanism, a \"B\" takes up more room than an \"I\" and the letter \"a\" in the word \"Tan\" is nested slightly under the \"T\".

answer

Variable width fonts

question

Traditionally, a ______was a specific size, weight, and style of a given physical typeface (style of letters).

answer

font

question

One particular type of cookie is rather dangerous, however, and is outright banned by any properly coded web browser: the ____________. Wherein a normal cookie is assigned to a specific domain, such as a cookie that retains your display preferences on www.somemadeupwallpapersite.com, a _______________is a cookie that has been assigned to a top-level domain such as .gov or .com.

answer

super cookie

question

______________ is an umbrella term that refers to several modern telecommunication systems that encode and transmit traditional voice communications via the TCP/IP networking protocol-in essence, __________ is telephone over the Internet.

answer

Voice over IP

question

_____________ is a legacy file system that still remains in wide use today

answer

...

question

the naming of the system is a reference to the prominent role of the file index table which is created when the ____________ disk is formatted.

answer

File Allocation Table

question

In computer science, a ____________ is a data storage schema used to store, retrieve, and update files.

answer

File System

question

A _______________, is relative of the traditional computing Application Programming Interface (API). Just like an API helps different elements on a traditional computer talk to each other using common routines and tools, a _____________ allows clear communication between a web-based service (and its data set) and a third party tool (like a desktop widget).

answer

Web Application Programming Interface

question

______________ are sets of functions or routines that specify how software components should interact with each other. The ______ are, to the end user, entirely invisible and function behind the scenes, handling such tasks as process thread management, error handling, rendering output for graphic user interfaces (GUIs) and other core functions that are part of the computing experience.

answer

Application Programming Interfaces

question

____________search is used in applications and search engines that use ____________operators (AND, OR, and NOT) to restrict or expand search queries. For example, if you wanted to search for web pages that contained the phrases \"writing tips\" and \"starting a blog\" but not \"essay topics\", you could search with the following query: \"writing tips\" AND \"starting a blog\" NOT \"essay topics\" .

answer

Boolean

question

_________________ files are an ubiquitous way to package and share documents. The format was introduced in 1993 by Adobe Systems and remained a closed proprietary format (but free to use) until released as an open standard in 2008.

answer

Portable Document Format

question

___________electronics are capable of accepting additional or replacement hardware components to extend their functionality and lifespan.

answer

Upgradable

question

One of the first tasks given to a student studying a new programming language is to copy a simple program that outputs the phrase ____________ on the screen. This classic exercise helps familiarize the students with the basic structure of the new language they are studying.

answer

\"Hello, World\"

question

_______________ are a form of sandboxing wherein a computer and it's operating system are simulated, via software, within the operating system of another computer. This concept is distinct from multi-boot systems wherein the user can boot the machine entirely into different operating systems using a boot manager.

answer

Virtual machines

question

An ______________, or signature block, is a block of text appended to the end of an email communication which usually contains the sender's contact information (such as address, phone number, and social media contacts) as well as other information such as quotations, legal disclaimers, and other material.

answer

email signature

question

In contrast with the Random Access Memory (RAM) modules found in most computers and other devices, _______________ has a unique property-it retains the data contained within it even when the power is turned off.

answer

Non-volatile memory

question

____________________ is a family of video compression standards that encompasses everything from DVD encoding to satellite video transmission.

answer

Moving Pictures Expert Group

question

____________ is a popular video compression standard based on MPEG-4. It is widely used for both HD video sources like Blu-Ray discs and for streaming video from sites like YouTube using minimal bandwidth while maintaining quality video.

answer

H.264

question

The ____________ spectrum covers 30Mhz to 300Mhz and is used for a wide variety of communications including television broadcasting, FM radio, as well as traffic control and marine communications.

answer

Very High Frequency

question

The _____________ spectrum, or 700Mhz communication spectrum (technically 698-806Mhz), was historically used for television broadcasting. Starting in 2008, the FCC began auctioning off sections of the spectrum in anticipation of the 2009 switch from analog to digital TV broadcasts. Thanks to the suitability of 700Mhz spectrum broadcasts for long distance wireless communication, a significant portion of the available blocks were purchased by large telecommunication companies like Verizon Wireless and AT&T.

answer

Ultra High Frequency

question

A ___________ is a lightweight machine that offloads its processing and data handling tasks to a central machine.

answer

Thin Client

question

_____________ are computer games wherein humans (and computer opponents) complete their actions on set turns. The popular game franchise Civilization is an example of such a game style

answer

...

question

players are allowed a period of analysis and decision making before committing to actions.

answer

Turn-based strategy games

question

_____________ are video games wherein the action occurs in real time and all players must react on the fly to changes in the game with no downtime for game analysis and decision making.

answer

Real-Time Strategy Games

question

A ____________, in computing terms, is a secure space where programs can be tested and code can be contained. In gaming, however, a ___________refers to a game designed to be open and non-linear in nature so that the player may roam freely and interact with the environment more liberally than in a linear game where the action progresses from one level to the next.

answer

sandbox

question

_______________ means that a given medium is incapable of transmitting and receiving over the same channel simultaneously. Walkie-talkies and push-to-talk cellular services are examples of half-duplex communication in action

answer

...

question

one party can transmit communication to the other party but the receiving party must wait for the transmission to end before replying.

answer

Half-duplex

question

_____________ means that a given medium is capable of transmitting and receiving over the same channel simultaneously. A telephone call is an example of a simple ____________ communication: both parties can talk simultaneously as telephony technology is configured such that the line can transmit the audio in both directions at the same time.

answer

Full-duplex

question

_______________, also known as Volume Snapshot Service, is a data backup technology included in Microsoft Windows that allows the operating system to take snapshots of the system which include files which are locked or otherwise inaccessible to the user. The service can only be used on NTFS-based disks and interacts with the data at the block level.

answer

Shadow Copy

question

_______________ is a utility included in Windows since the release of Windows Me. The ____________ utility takes snapshots of the system including the state of the Windows registry, installed applications, system files, and system settings.

answer

System Restore

question

Historically, computer manufacturers shipped optical media (such as CD/DVDs) with each computer that contained recovery software the purchaser could use to restore the computer back to factory settings in the event of data corruption or other problems. As a cost cutting measure, most manufacturers have moved away from optical media and now simply partition off a portion of the machine's primary hard drive to serve as a _________________

answer

...

question

this partition is not directly accessible by the end user and houses recovery software as well as an image of the computer's hard drive as it was when it left the factory.

answer

recovery partition

question

A _______________ is a bootable optical disc (or discs) that typically contains the base operating system and applications that came pre-installed on a commercially produced computer. In the event of severe operating system failure, failed hard drive, or other problem, the end user can boot from the discs to perform a reinstallation of the operating system and the original applications, effectively returning the computer to the state it was in when it shipped from the factory.

answer

recovery disc

question

__________ is a feature in modern operating systems that allows you to enter a troubleshooting mode wherein only essential components (such as the OS kernel and basic drivers for the display and input devices) are active. While in _____________, problems with updated drivers, corrupt data, or other issues can be resolved.

answer

Safe mode

question

_____________, also referred to as cloning, is the process of duplicating the entire hard drive of a machine onto another machine. Although of limited utility to a home user, _____________is widely used in corporate and government settings as it is much faster to copy an operating system/software configuration across duplicate machines than it is to independently install and configure the software on each individual machine.

answer

Ghosting

question

__________________ are a trademarked (but widely used) type of matrix barcode. Instead of encoding the data in a series of vertical stripes (as the data is encoded in a traditional UPC barcode) the QR code data is encoded in a grid that looks like a plot of pixels.

answer

Quick Response Codes

question

____________ is a type of temporary email service, typically web-based, wherein a user can create an email address quickly with the intention of using it a handful of times (or even once). Many web sites require valid emails for simple tasks (e.g. downloading an application or a one-time registration) and people avoid the potential of future spam and unwanted email by providing a disposable address they can use, check to get the confirmation link, and then dispose of. One of the most popular _______________address services is Mailinator.com.

answer

Disposable email

question

________________ is an orientation wherein the display is positioned so that it is wider than it is tall. This is the orientation of movie screens, modern widescreen HDTV sets, and widescreen monitors.

answer

Landscape Mode

question

_____________ is the orientation of a display screen so that it is taller than it is wide. The default position of most smartphones is \"______________\" as the phone design is such that it is most frequently held in the hand via the long edge. _______________ orientation is not typically found on television screens or computer monitors outside of specialized applications.

answer

Portrait mode

question

The _________ is an electronic chip included with televisions (with 13″+ screens) and cable boxes manufactured after January 1 2000. The chip allows parents, via in-device menu, to set a lock on the type of broadcast/cable media displayed based on content ratings. The provisions regulating the inclusion of the __________ were part of President Clinton's Telecommunications Act of 1996.

answer

V-chip

question

___________________ is the protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses to each device on a network without interaction from a system administrator or user.

answer

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

question

________is a term used in cryptography and computer security to refer to text which has been run through an encryption algorithm.

answer

Ciphertext

question

_________is a term used in cryptography and computer security to refer to text which is transferred without encryption.

answer

Plaintext

question

The ____________ is set of rules an individual or organization must abide by in order to use a service.

answer

Terms of Service

question

In computer science, a ______is a hardware component that stores frequently used pieces of data for more rapid access.

answer

Cache

question

Within the context of video gaming, __________ refers to the speed at which the screen image is refreshed.

answer

frames per second

question

In computing, a _________is a portion of physical memory storage set aside to temporarily store data while it is being moved and/or processed in some fashion.

answer

Buffer

question

An ______________is a program designed to make it difficult to understand or reverse engineer source code.

answer

obfuscator

question

_______________is the process of shifting the encoding method of a given media file.

answer

Transcoding

question

Just as a compiler turns high-level programming languages into low-level programming languages in order to run them on the computer, a __________reverses the process and takes low-level programming language (like machine code) and translates it into higher-level programming languages (like C++).

answer

Decompiler

question

A __________is a computer program (or set of programs) that converts source code from the original programming language into another computer language. Typically, this process is used to convert a high-level programming language (such as C++) into a lower level language (such as machine code) so that the program can be run as an executable.

answer

Compiler

question

______________ are computer programming languages with a strong abstraction that provides a high degree of human readability.

answer

High-Level Programming Language

question

A ________________ is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction or divergence from the actual instructions the architecture of the computer uses to execute commands. Machine code is an example of _________________ and is the only programming language that allows for direct and untranslated interaction with a computer processor (despite being very difficult to work with and requiring an extreme attention to detail, it is still used when considerable speed and lightweight programming is required).

answer

Low-Level Programming Language

question

In computing, a ____________ is a software initiated reset of the hardware and software states. It is started by the operating system (either automatically or at the request of the user) and a set process is followed to shutdown applications, close out system files, and otherwise gracefully bring the system to a halt before starting it up again. _______ are preferred to hard resets (which halt all processes on the hardware level and can cause file corruption and system instability).

answer

Soft Reset

question

In computing, a ____________ is a hardware operation that restarts the system hardware and, in the process, ends all current software activity.

answer

Hard Reset

question

ANSI stands for the ___________________. The Institute is nearly a century old and responsible for maintaining a wide variety of standards across many industries including nuclear energy, chemical production, and health care information technology, but in computer lingo ANSI is used to refer to ANSI code standard.

answer

American National Standards Institute

question

ASCII, the_____________________, is a character encoding scheme based on the English alphabet that encodes 128 characters (numbers, upper and lower case letters, as well symbols and control codes), into 7-bit machine readable binary integers.

answer

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

question

An ______________is a string of ASCII text intended to represent a face or emotional state using common keyboard symbols. The most widely recognized emoticon is colon and curved bracket combined to form a smile shape, like so :)

answer

emoticon

question

A _________ is a piece of telecommunication hardware that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher power. _________ are used in a wide variety of applications including radio transmission and Wi-FI network deployment.

answer

Repeater

question

_____________ is an internet utility that performs a function exactly like its name implies: it traces the route data takes from the local computer back to the remote host. The utility is useful for a variety of diagnostic tasks such as establishing where in a route the connection is lost and how long the route is.

answer

Traceroute

question

A __________, alternatively spelled is a neophyte in a given pursuit. The term refers to the lack of skills, experience, and understanding of conventions the individual has in the area in question. Thus one can be a \"__________\" to the world of competitive real-time strategies or tennis without being considered generally unskilled or incompetent.

answer

Newbie

question

_____________ are add-on circuit boards that expand the functionality of a computer.

answer

Expansion Card

question

In computer architecture, a bus is a communication system that transfers data between other components. _____ systems can be so small and buried in the hardware as to be invisible to the end-user (such as the address bus found within the CPU's architecture) or can have obvious manifestations that the end user can interact with such as USB (Universal Serial Bus), the ubiquitous computer input connection.

answer

Bus

question

In computer security, a ___________________ is a type of attack that relies on the attacker's ability to temporarily control or divert electronic communications so that they could observe and/or alter the communications.

answer

Man-in-the-Middle Attack

question

In computer security, ______________, like their real-world counterparts employed by law enforcement agencies, are traps set to detect or counteract authorized access to computer networks. ________________ can take the form of individual computers, data sets, or network sites that appear to be valuable or worth investigating to the intruding party but which are actually designed to entrap and/or monitor the attacker.

answer

Honeypots

question

_________________ is a form of data backup focused on ensuring continued future access to the digital information preserved by the backup process. Whereas a typical backup system is designed to simply duplicate the data so that it may be restored in the event the original data set or host computer is damaged, groups concerned with __________________ are not just concerned with creating redundant copies of data but ensuring that future generations will be able to access that data.

answer

Digital Preservation

question

A __________________ system backs up the changes made to a system between the initial backup and the current backup. Unlike an incremental backup system, wherein only the newest changes from the previous increment are recorded, the differential system backs up everything that has changed from the initial backup on each subsequent backup.

answer

Differential Backup

question

_______________s make it feasible to store a higher number of backups in a limited amount of space by building on an initial complete backup.

answer

Incremental Backup

question

A __________________, or system image, is a backup of a computer system that includes not only user data stored on the machine (such as documents and photographs), but the entire operating system and installed applications. A __________________allows for a complete restoration of the system in the event of catastrophic failure.

answer

Full Backup

question

_____________ is a backup that is not accessible to the computer that initiated the backup process after the process is completed. If, for example, you backed up your data to an external hard drive but then removed the external hard drive and stored it, then the backup would be considered offline, as a catastrophe that could destroy the original data set (such as a power surge or malicious software) would not be able to touch the offline backup.

answer

Offline Backup

question

An ________________ is a backup that is still accessible to the computer which initiated the backup process. For example, if you back up all your data from your personal computer to an external hard drive that remains attached to your personal computer at all times, it is, in the sense that it exists on two physical mediums, backed up.

answer

Online Backup

question

A _____________ is a duplicate copy of a data set or entire hard drive that is stored on a separate storage medium from the source file (or disk). If the original data (say, family photos) is stored on the primary drive of a computer and those photos are copied onto a secondary drive, the data set on the secondary drive is the __________.

answer

Backup

question

__________________ is a process by which text and graphics are applied to a medium, typically paper, via a controlled and cold application of ink through micro-nozzles.

answer

Inkjet Printing

question

___________________ is the process by which laser printers apply images to paper. Inside the laser printer, a laser beam passes over an electrostatically charged drum

answer

...

question

this laser beam changes the static charge on the drum to represent a portion of the image (be it text or graphics) sent to the printer. The drum then collects toner from the toner cartridge and the toner clings to the charged portion of the paper. The final step fuses the toner to the paper (if you've ever cleared a jam out of a laser printer and the toner dust wiped right off the page, the paper jammed before the fusing process).

answer

Electrostatic Digital Printing

question

A ________________ is a printer that uses heat to transfer ink onto the print medium as opposed to inkjet printing which sprays micro droplets of ink onto the surface of the medium. The name is derived from the process itself, during the heating and application process the dye sublimates from a solid material to a gas without transitioning through a solid state.

answer

dye-sublimation printer

question

__________________ are a hybridization of traditional mechanical hard drive technology and more modern solid-state drive technology. The drives combine the large storage capacity of a traditional magnetic hard drive with the speed of a solid-state drive. The drives typically contain a 4-24GB solid-state storage area mated with a 500-1000GB magnetic storage area.

answer

Hybrid Drives

question

____________ is a monitoring system built into modern hard drives designed to detect and report a set of indicators which allows the end user to assess the stability of the drive.

answer

S.M.A.R.T.

question

_________________ is the measurement that encompasses both the internal transfer speed of a hard drive (movement of data from the disk surface to the disk controller in the drive) and external transfer speed (data movement between the disk controller and the host operating system).

answer

Data Transfer Rate

question

_____________ refers to the amount of time it takes a hard drive to respond to a request for a particular piece of data. In traditional magnetic hard drives, the _____________includes both the electronic communication between the operating system, motherboard, and hard drive itself, as well as the physical movement of the components within the hard drive (such as the actuator arm that moves the read/write head). Typical ________________s for mechanical hard drives range from 4ms (for high speed server drives) to 15ms (for slower mobile or low-end consumer drives).

answer

Seek Time

question

The ________________ is a section of a hard disk that has been specially formatted and flagged so that it does not appear to the host operating system. This portion of the hard disk can be used for a variety of purposes including storing hidden data, security software to track stolen laptops, and vendor-specific utilities, but it is most typically used to house recovery software. Many desktop and laptop computers no longer ship with operating system reinstallation/recovery discs, for example, but instead include a large __________________ that houses a recovery program that is accessible from the computer's BIOS menu.

answer

Host Protected Area

question

The last step in preparing a hard disk for use, _________________ is the process of setting up an empty file system in a new partition for use by an operating system. For example, when you install a new hard disk into your desktop computer, the final step after creating the partition is to instruct your formatting tool to create a file system (such as NTFS) in the given hard disk so that your operating system can access the drive and use it for storage.

answer

High-level Formatting

question

________________ is the process of dividing a hard drive into a single logical storage unit or a series thereof. Partitioning allows a single physical disk to be divided into multiple logical disks for various purposes, including the separation of the operating system disk from the data storage disk, the installation of multiple operating systems, or other applications dependent on the division of data.

answer

Disk Partitioning

question

______________ is a hardware level process that marks the surface of the disk with a marker indicating the start of a recording block. This block is typically referred to as a sector marker and is referenced by the disk controller in order to read and write data to the disk.

answer

Low-level Formatting

question

____________ is the process of preparing a disk or other storage medium for use by a particular operating system. The formatting process is typically divided into three distinct operations. First, a low-level format prepares the media for use. Second the media is partitioned with one or more partitions. Third, a high-level format applies a file system (such as FAT32 or NTFS) to the newly created partition(s).

answer

Disk Formatting

question

_________________ is the process of overwriting data with a series of zeros. You partially or completely zero-fill a given storage container to either overwrite the space where a recently deleted file was on the hard disk or to completely wipe the hard disk and all the files, folders, and other data structures contained therein.

answer

Zero-filling

question

The _________________ is a an algorithm for securely erasing the contents of a computer hard drive.

answer

Gutmann Method

question

DBAN is an acronym for ______________, an open source project. DBAN is a designed to facilitate simple and secure erase of hard drives so that data is no longer recoverable. It uses random number overwrites and includes scripts for the Gutmann Method, Quick Erase, and Department of Defense approved overwrites (3 and 7 pass).

answer

Darik's Boot and Nuke

question

In cryptography, both analog and digital, a ________ is an algorithm for transforming plaintext to _____text (unencrypted to encrypted) and reversing the process. A _____ could be as easy as shifting the vowels of the alphabet forward one (a shift-______) so that A becomes B and B becomes C, all the way around until Z because A. Modern encryption relies on radically more sophisticated ________s that use advanced computations, split keys, and other cryptographic tricks only feasible with the aid of computers.

answer

Cipher

question

In a __________________, there are two distinct keys used to encrypt and decrypt data. The public key is used to encrypt data for the recipient and then the recipient's private key is used to decrypt it. Thus if someone wanted to send a secure email message to Bill Gates via the widely used Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) email encryption program, they could look up Mr. Gates' public key on a public key server, use that key to encrypt his message, and then only he could turn around and use his private key to decrypt it.

answer

public-key cryptographic scheme

question

Introduced in 2003, __________ is the successor of the widely adopted PC Card peripheral form factor and interface standard. Like the interface that preceded it, ____________ allows you to expand or upgrade notebook functionality by adding networking interface cards, sound cards, graphics cards, and other mobile upgrades.

answer

ExpressCard

question

____________ is a form factor standard peripheral interface standard for notebook computers introduced in 1990. Originally intended to provide expanded storage space for mobile computers, the interface was quickly adapted for network cards and other upgrades. Although it underwent numerous revisions (designated by roman numerals I-III), it was eventually superseded by the Express Card standard in 2003. Several companies with high volume sales to government agencies and institutions still offer ______________ slots for backwards compatibility with older equipment.

answer

PC Card

question

The ___________________ is an international standards body that defines, promotes, and oversees standards for notebook computer expansion devices such as models, external hard drives, and other peripherals. Over time the acronym _______________ has been applied not only to the organization itself but to the the form-factor of the physical PC cards used in notebook computers.

answer

Personal Computer Memory Card International Association

question

___________________ is a form of parallel computing. Unlike supercomputer setups that feature custom built hardware, _________________ uses off-the-shelf hardware and computers to minimize costs. Companies use __________________because the cost of entry is low, parts are easy to replace, software and drivers are readily available, and the computers share a base architecture (such as Intel x86 or x64).

answer

Commodity Computing

question

__________________ is a form of computation in which a large number of calculations are carried out simultaneously on hardware run in parallel. Parallel computation allows for some calculations and processes to be performed faster than serial computations (wherein each command must finish before the next is executed).

answer

Parallel Computing

question

In modern email clients, both browser-based and stand-alone, you'll find the digital answer to analog address books: ___________. The most basic __________s simply contain the name of the contact and their email address, but more robust contact lasts (such as those found in Outlook and Gmail) hold significantly more information like your contact's physical mailing address, phone numbers, and other relevant information, including notes.

answer

Contact List

question

In computing, a __________ is a list of items that a security algorithm or filter will always block. If you set up a filter in your email client to explicitly block the address of someone spamming you, for example, you've created a simple ____________.

answer

Black List

question

In computing, a ___________ is a list of items that a security algorithm or filter will always allow to pass through.

answer

White List

question

A _______________ is a software function that produces multiple documents (which could be printed form letters, emailed letters, printed labels, or other outputs) from a single template form using a structured data set as input.

answer

Mail Merge

question

__________________ is an advanced form of spam prevention deployed at the server/provider level. The algorithms work in two primary ways: email body __________________ and email attachment _________________.

answer

Fingerprinting

question

_____________ was one of the earliest and most influential electronic mailing list applications. Released in 1986, the application is still going strong and in wide use around the world. _____________ introduced a wide variety of email list management features we take for granted today, such as automated subscribing and unsubscribing without the intervention of a human list curator, message templates, and spam filtering.

answer

Listserv

question

An ___________________ is a method of using email that allows for easy and widespread distribution of information to members of the list. There are two common forms of ________________: distribution lists and announcement lists.

answer

Electronic Mailing List

question

The __________________ is a folder found in the inboxes of most modern email services where emails that have not been outright rejected by the email provider's global spam filters, but which appear suspicious (because they, for example, contain marketing terms and the sender is not in the recipients address book or address whitelist), are dumped for further review. This is why companies will frequently request you check your _____________for emails that you have reported as unreceived, as legitimate commercial communications can often end up accidentally caught in the spam-hunting algorithms.

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Junk Folder

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A ______________ is a form of auto-response sent to the sender of an email when the email cannot be delivered to the intended recipient.

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Bounce Message

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_________________are computer programs that automatically answer email.

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Email Autoresponders

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A _____________is a web page or set of pages that traps any web crawler/search bot that comes across it. While some _____________s are unintentionally created (e.g. there is an element on the page such as a dynamic calendar with, essentially, infinite forward links for the crawler to follow), many __________________s are created with the intent of trapping spam crawlers looking for email addresses and other personal information. The heart of the trap, whether intentionally or unintentionally created, is series of links or a dynamic link system that a crawler gets stuck following (like a maze with no exit).

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Spider Trap

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______________ is the process of amassing lists of email addresses, almost always to spam them, using disreputable practices such as purchasing email lists in bulk from resellers, using giveaway/contest websites to harvest emails, or using harvesting bots to crawl web pages, forum and usenet posts, and other publicly accessible locations, looking for email addresses to add to the list.

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Email Harvesting

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An ______________ is a file sent along with the email message.

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Email Attachment

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In email composition, the \"BCC:\" section, short for _______________ is a method of sending an email to additional addressees without alerting the primary addressees (and the potential secondary addresses in the \"CC:\" section) that the email has been shared beyond those listed on the email.

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Blind Carbon Copy

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In email composition, the \"CC:\" section, short for ________________, is a method of sending an email to additional addressees without inserting them into the primary \"To:\" section.

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Carbon Copy

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________________ is an attempt to make an email address difficult for spam bots to harvest and begin spamming.

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Email Obfuscation

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____________ refers to the technology (both hardware and software) used to identify individuals based on their physical characteristics. Fingerprint scanners, facial recognition, and voice analysis are all methods of turning the user's physical characteristics into security checks.

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Biometrics

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In computer security slang, a \"_______________\" is a malicious computer hacker. Unlike their counterpart, the \"white hat\" hacker, ______________s are those who would exploit security flaws for personal gain (or for the benefit of the corporation, organization, or nation state they work for).

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Black Hat

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In computer security slang, a \"______________\" is an ethical hacker. The term ______________ is applied to individuals that seek out security flaws and then notify organizations so the security flaws can be remedied as well as hired security specialists who look over an organization's infrastructure to find the security flaws before malicious users do.

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White Hat

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________________ is a branch of marketing research that focuses on helping websites to appear as high as possible in a search engine's rankings. The goal, if all goes as planned, is to help a website appear within the first or second page of results provided by a search engine, thus greatly increasing the traffic to, and popularity of, the website in question.

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Search Engine Optimization

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The term _________ refers to the portion of HTML coding in a web page that provides a basic description about, or identifies the type of content a particular website contains. Two of the most important types of ____________s are 'keywords' and 'description' tags.

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Meta Tag

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__________________refers to measuring the number of 'visitors' who browse away from, or leave, a web site after having viewed only one page. The lower the _______________ is, the more 'visitors' are interacting with a web site once they reach it.

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Bounce Rate

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__________________ is a type of malware that will lock a computer user out of their computer, encrypt all their files and/or hard-drive, or severely restrict access to the infected system until the user pays the malware author a 'fee' to regain access to their files and/or system.

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Ransomware

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__________________ refers to software that is used to take advantage of unsuspecting or naive computer users for profit or malicious purposes. The authors of ______________ seek to create a sense of panic, shock, or anxiety about a supposed problem or threat to the user's computer system, when in fact, there is no problem at all.

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Scareware

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_________________ is software that anyone is free to redistribute for use by others. __________________ generally falls into two categories: free software that may be legally changed or modified as desired by a user, and proprietary software that may not be legally changed or modified by a user (i.e. freeware, shareware, demo/trial versions).

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Redistributable Software

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________________ refers to a business model where software or online services are offered for free with a limited set of features or capabilities available for use, but can be upgraded to a paid version for access to the full set of features and functionality of the product.

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Freemium

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______________ is the most frequently seen server-side error code in the HTTP status code canon. 503 stands for \"Service Unavailable\" and is the code returned when a user requests a web page from a server that is overloaded or down for maintenance. When visiting a link from a popular and heavily trafficked link aggregation site like Reddit or Stumble Upon, it's not uncommon to find that the deluge of traffic from the larger site had temporarily knocked the smaller web server offline.

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HTTP 503 Error

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_______________ is perhaps the best known of all HTTP error codes. The code indicates that your browser client successfully communicated with the server, but that the content you were looking for is not where the browser request indicated it should be (e.g. the article is actually at /pages/1.html/ and you requested it at /page/1.html instead).

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HTTP 404 Error

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______________ are two closely related HTTP status codes related to the server's inability to give you the data you are requesting. When the web site you are visiting gives you a 401 error, it means that you have no properly authenticated yourself with the server's security system in order to gain authorized access to the web page or data you wish to view. A 403 Forbidden error, by contrast, indicates that (authorized or not) you still do not have the proper access level for the material you wish to view.

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401 Unauthorized and 403 Forbidden

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_______________ are a tool used by web servers to return information about the state of a server and/or the information it is serving up to the browser. The codes are divided into 5 general classes, each of which is signified by the first of the three digits. 1xx codes are informational and indicate a response from the server, 2xx codes indicate successful communication with the server, 3xx codes correspond to redirection requests, 4xx codes indicate a client error, and 5xx codes indicate a server error.

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HTTP Status Codes

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______________ is a frustrating phenomenon on the world wide web wherein old or changed URLs no longer point to the resources they previously pointed to.

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Link Rot

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The ________________ is a technical term for the portion of the browser window which actually displays the content of the web site you are browsing.

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Browser Viewport

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A ___________ is a line of information, typically displayed at the bottom of a window in a graphical user interface. Although _________s have been around for decades, the most common place a typical computer user encounters a _________ is within a web browser. When hovering over a link, for example, such as this link to the front page of How-To Geek, most web browsers will display the actual address, http://www.howtogeek.com, in the _________ at the bottom of the window.

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Status Bar

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_____________s, typically referred to simply as links, are a core component of the web browsing experience. ______________s take the form of text and images that, when activated by the user (or automatically by a script or web browser component), take the user to the document or file indicated by the link. Without the extensive use of _______________s, the smooth experience of jumping from one document to another on the web (such as jumping from the front page of How-To Geek to an article in the sidebar that interests you) would be greatly disrupted.

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Hyperlink

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________________ is a feature included in modern web browsers that allows you to browse the web in a special window wherein no data will be stored locally. There will be no links in the browser history, no cookie data, and no stored images or page content.

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Private Browsing

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A _________________ is the list of web sites you have visited using your web browser.

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Browser History

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The _________________ is the GUI element of a web browser where the user inputs the web address (also known as a URL). In addition to web addresses, most web browsers also support additional protocols (such as ftp:// for FTP sites) and internal addressing (such as about:somefunction or chrome://) to access the internal workings of the web browser.

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Address Bar

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In software engineering, _________________is a system design principle focused on allowing an application to grow and provide additional features in the future. Web browsers are the most widespread example of system ______________and even include bundles of additional features released as extensions, a direct nod to the design principle they are modeled after.

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Extensibility

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_____________, like backwards compatibility, is a compatibility concept used in system and product design.

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Forward Compatibility

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In computing, _________________is the ability of a device to accept input from a previous generation of the product or technology. _______________ is very important to consumers in a variety of industries as it allows them to use previously purchased content with newer technology and products.

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Backwards Compatibility

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A ______________ is any expansion board that is attached to the motherboard. This includes any expansion board like a networking interface card, a soundcard, a RAID controller, or other hardware expansion which is added to a computer via motherboard expansion slot. ____________s are typically only found on desktop and server machines, as mobile computers such as notebook computers and smartphones are either only expandable via USB or not at all.

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Daughterboard

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A ______________ is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable electronic systems. The term _______________specifically refers to printed boards with the potential for future expansion (as the ________________serves as the \"mother\" which hosts and supports the expansion cards). While the term ______________ has been adopted to refer to just about any main board, for applications where there is no expansion (such as the main circuit board in a washing machine), it would be more accurate to refer to the board as the system board or mainboard.

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Motherboard

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______________ are plastic boards that mechanically support and electrically connect the electronic components mounted on the board. The printed circuit board is the ubquitious but often unseen foundation of the entire modern electronics and computing revolution. From the guts of a tiny USB flash drive to the much larger motherboard inside your desktop computer, _________________are everywhere.

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Printed circuit boards

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__________________ refers to the unauthorized download of data and files from a computer using an iPod, other brand of mp3 player, flash drives, etc. The small size of these devices and ease of connection makes this method of data theft a quick and stealthy endeavor.

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Pod Slurping

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POTS is an acronym that many of us may not be familiar with or have heard before, but it does stand for something we all know only too well: __________________.

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Plain Old Telephone System

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_________________ refers to software that a company has bought, but has never used on their computers, thus leaving it to 'collect dust on a shelf'. __________________ can also refer to unsold software remaining on a retailer's or dealer's shelves.

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Shelfware

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_________________ refers to the continued addition of new functions and features to a software or information system project during the development phase. The requests for new functions and/or features can come from the client's desire for a 'bigger and better' product, or from the developers' own desires to improve the product.

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Feature Creep

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A ____________is the graphic image, text, and/or navigation links at the top of a web page. A ____________'identifies' the website, and at times may also 'identify' a specific sub-section or subject area (category) of the website in question.

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Masthead

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_______________ refers to the inability to remember where a particular item of information was seen or heard. The temporarily forgotten information can come from a variety of sources such as: mail, e-mail, newspapers, magazines, websites, radio, and/or TV.

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Infonesia

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_____________ is software that is set up to filter out and/or block access to websites containing: undesirable web content, age-inappropriate content, sexually explicit content, illegal download websites, social websites in work environments, etc. Parental controls and software that limit the websites children have access to also fall into this category of software.

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Censorware

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__________________ refers to the use of a computer isolated from the main network with one or more anti-virus/anti-malware programs installed to check removable media for viruses or malware. The flash drives, portable hard discs, memory cards, CDs, etc. must clear this 'hurdle' before being allowed near the other computers or into a high security computing environment.

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Sheep Dipping

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________________ refers to large scale industrial computer systems (hardware and software) that control and monitor industrial processes like the examples listed below: •Industrial Processes such as manufacturing, fabrication, or refining. •Infrastructure Equipment for water treatment, electrical power transmission/distribution, telecommunications, etc. •Conditions in facilities like heating, ventilation, energy consumption, or security.

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Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

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________________ refers to optical fiber and supporting infrastructure that is installed or laid in the ground, but is not currently in use. The ____________ may have been set up in anticipation of customer growth and demand in a given area, or for future 'internal' use by the company who installed it to connect their own offices.

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Dark Fiber

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'________________' refers to the portion or sections of a web page that are visible to a visitor without scrolling. The portion or sections visible will vary in size due to different screen resolutions, choice of browser (combined with possible toolbars, etc.), zoom level and text size settings for the browser being used, and may even be 'affected' by the operating system installed on the computer.

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Above the Fold

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A ________________ is a small website that may: contain just a few web pages, focus on a very specific singular topic or subject, serve a very special purpose, or be created for a short term purpose (such as a convention, event, or marketing campaign). The ______________ will have its own unique address that visitors or users will be encouraged to link to directly.

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Microsite

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______________ is a 'general purpose' abbreviation that refers to the terms \"Anything as a Service\" and \"Everything as a Service\".

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XaaS

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________________ refers to a type of computer program structure where the program code is written (set up) as independent modules (subsystems) that call on one another as needed.

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Ravioli Code

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______________ is very similar to Hoteling, except focused on desks, cubicles, or work stations. These desks, cubicles, and work stations can be shared by multiple employees across different shifts, employees who are in the office at different times of the day, or simply be available to use as needed on a first come, first served basis without reservations ahead of time.

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Hot Desking

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______________ refers to the use of unassigned seating and/or office space as needed by telecommuters or mobile office workers. Use of the unassigned seating and office space is set up ahead of time via a reservation-based system.

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Hoteling

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_________________ refers to the use of technology by parents to track and monitor their children. At times this can, and does, include monitoring the people who help take care of children such as babysitters, nannies, school officials, etc.

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Big Mother

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__________________ refers to the process of detecting incomplete, incorrect, inaccurate, misspelled, improperly formatted, duplicate, and/or irrelevant data in a database. Once the erroneous data has been found, it is modified, replaced, updated, and/or deleted as necessary in order to make the database as accurate and consistent as possible.

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Data Cleansing

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________________ is software provided to users free of charge, but is licensed to benefit, or encourages the user to donate money to a particular charity of the software creator's or user's choice. Commercial grade _______________ includes a 'fee' collected for charity added to the price of the software.

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Careware

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_________________ refers to the condition of data in a database or the processes conducted to ensure the accuracy (cleanliness) of data in a database. Clean data will be completely error free or contain very few errors. Dirty data however, will contain errors such as: duplication of information, incorrect spelling or punctuation (names and addresses), incomplete or outdated information, erroneous data (incorrect amounts or names), etc.

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Data Hygiene

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_________________ is a slang term for an individual who is frequently away from their office traveling or on business, and engages in heavy use of their laptop and/or mobile phone while 'out and about'.

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Road Warrior

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__________________ refers to the use of older computer hardware and software. For most individuals, _________________ is a recreational hobby, but for others the focus is on collecting rare or valuable hardware and software (sometimes for sentimental reasons).

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Retrocomputing

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____________refers to the fear or anxiety an individual may feel when unable to obtain a signal from a mobile phone tower, forgetting to bring their mobile phone along, or having the battery run out of power, thus leaving them totally 'disconnected'. ______________is an abbreviation for \"no-mobile-phone phobia\".

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Nomophobia

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_____________ is a slang term that refers to a website that has not been updated for a very long period of time.

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Cobweb Site

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__________________ refers to the series of navigational steps taken to reach the desired location (information) in a website's content. _______________ are also found in file management software such as Windows Explorer, Mac OS Finder, Nautilus, Dolphin, etc.

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Breadcrumbs

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A _______________ is a computer facility that remains in a 'lights out' condition the majority of the time, with all monitoring and administration of the facility being done remotely. The only time a _________________ has people active in it is to conduct maintenance or repair work.

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Dark Data Center

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A ______________ is a web page that a user is presented with, and must interact with, before being allowed access to a particular network. ______________s can be as simple as: only requiring a set of log in credentials, present the user with a 'terms of use' policy that they must agree to in addition to entering log in credentials, and at times may even contain ads for the sponsors of a free network. _______________s are common for free Wi-Fi hot spots and can even be used as community bulletin boards.

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Captive Portal

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______________ refers to the practice of minimizing the amount of information that a user is burdened with at any one time when interacting with technology. Most of the interaction between the user and the information occurs in a monitoring periphery state, allowing the user to focus on parts of the information flow as desired or needed, and make it the center of attention without being overwhelmed by the rest.

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Calm Technology

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A _______________is a common word such as \"a, of, on, the\" that is not indexed and/or is ignored by search engines during a search query. The reason these words are not included is due to their frequent use in the language(s) individuals are using with a search engine. Excluding ______________s also helps save time when a search engine is returning results for a search query.

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Stop Word

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__________________ refers to the practice of directly translating a printed brochure into a web page without utilising any of the capabilities a web page format offers. All that a visitor to the page will see is static text and images

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...

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there will be no clickable links, image zoom, ability to leave feedback or see other visitors' opinions, video, etc. Literally, the only way to 'interact' with the page in any form is to print it out.

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Brochureware

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_____________ refers to the practice of browsing the internet with an inverted color palette (i.e. white text on a black background). It was a highly favored practice to save energy when people used CRT monitors in the past. With the advent of LCD monitors however, there is no need for the practice since it makes little difference in the amount of energy used.

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Black Surfing

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A ______________ (a.k.a. an Authentication Token) is a small hardware security device in the form of a swipeable card, key fob, or USB type of device. Once the _______________ has been activated in a manner appropriate to its physical form, the user will need to enter a personal identification number (PIN) or password, and may be required to enter an additional numerical code generated by the device. You can learn more about Two-Factor Authentication here.

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Security Token

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An ________________ is the web-based equivalent of a bibliography. Taking things one step further, an annotated _________________is the web-based version of an annotated bibliography. Andrew J. Butrica of NASA was the person responsible for coining the term during his work on the history of NASA's X-33 project.

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Arachniography

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________________ refers to hiding encrypted data or information inside of a common or completely innocent looking file such as an image, audio, or video file. For all intents and purposes, most people will never be aware that the file is more than it appears to be, thus providing a nice hiding place in plain sight. If someone does become aware of the 'extra data' in a file, it can be identified as encrypted data or information, but will be undecipherable without the decryption key.

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Steganography

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__________________ refers to the ability of a website to encourage visitors to stay longer and/or return more often. The more interesting, useful, or fun the content of a website is, the more __________________ it has. The website in question may be a tech blog with daily content, a portal site like the Yahoo homepage, an information website like Wikipedia, a flash games website, etc.

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Stickiness

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A ____________ is a waterproof wearable computer built specifically to withstand high underwater pressure. It allows divers to gather and enter data when conducting underwater studies, then transfer the data to a desktop computer via a serial cable after returning to the surface.

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WetPC

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A ________________ is a program used to dial phone numbers and test them for a connection to a computer modem. The program then adds the numbers with a successful modem connection to a database. Depending on the complexity of the __________________program, the operating system of connected computers may be identified, and could be followed by automated penetration testing to break into the computers or network found.

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War Dialer

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_______ is the term for spam that is delivered via instant messenger or chat services. While the volume of _____________ is not as bad as the volume of spam can be in our inboxes, it is more annoying in the sense that it displays directly when received, rather than being relegated to a junk or spam folder like it would in our inboxes.

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Spim

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__________________ refers to the transfer of electronic information, data, images, etc. by physically carrying it via a flash drive or other storage medium between different computers or networks

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Sneakernet

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________________ (UGC for short) refers to content such as information, data, news, reviews, blog posts, photos, videos, comments, etc. that an unpaid contributor has uploaded or provided to a website. Occasionally, the website in question will republish, promote, and/or possibly make a profit from ______________

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User-Generated Content

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_________________ refers to the practice of registering slightly misspelled variants of popular 'brand name' URLs as domains. The hope is to catch people who mistype the URL of the official 'brand name' website, which then leads them to the 'false' one instead.

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Typosquatting

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A __________________ is a temporary cookie that only exists as long as the browser is open. Once the browser has been closed, the ______________ is immediately erased and ceases to exist, unlike normal cookies that have a set 'expiration date' and remain on a computer after the browser is closed.

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Session Cookie

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____________ is a slang term for the well-known Ctrl-Alt-Delete function that many of us might have used more times than we wanted to over the years.

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Three Finger Salute

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A ________________ is a very basic level test of a program or new/repaired hardware that serves as an indicator of whether the rudimentary or most crucial functions are working. This could be as simple as seeing whether a new or freshly repaired computer will turn on at all without incident (i.e. smoke coming out of it literally), or seeing if a newly written program will at least run in some manner (even though it may not do much else at the moment).

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Smoke Test

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__________ is an umbrella term that refers to any compact and/or very lightweight distribution of Linux such as Damn Small Linux and Puppy Linux for example. These versions of Linux are ideal for older hardware, hardware with limited resources, low-cost devices, etc.

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Skinny Linux

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_____________________ refers to a work environment that focuses on the actual work done rather than the 'when and where' it is done.

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Results Only Work Environment

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________________refers to malware that allows an attacker to have remote administrator level control of an infected operating system. Once the malware has compromised a system, the attacker is free to do whatever they please such as: stealing personal/financial information, taking screenshots, stealing/deleting/altering files, accessing the system's webcam if it has one, installing keyloggers, using the compromised system to infect other computers, etc.

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Remote Access Trojan

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_________________ refers to the use of natural language (instead of programming language) to create a detailed outline of what a particular program or algorithm is supposed to do, just like creating a detailed outline for a major paper or report.

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Pseudocode

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PUP (short for _______________) refers to an unwanted program or piece of software that may be installed along with the program or software that a user actually wants on their system.

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Potentially Unwanted Program

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A _________________ refers to the blank areas (margins) on each side of bar codes. The _________________ 'tells' barcode readers where a barcode starts and stops, thus preventing the readers from 'seeing' other information that is not part of the bar codes, thus avoiding an inaccurate or unreadable scan.

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Quiet Zone

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A __________________ is software that copies data and/or defeats copy protection schemes by copying/reading a file or disk one bit at a time.

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Bit Nibbler

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An AIO (short for _______________) is a hardware device that combines many components, features, and/or abilities all into the same device housing. Two prominent examples are: AIO PCs, which have all the system components (except the keyboard and mouse) built into the monitor, and AIO Printers that combine printing, scanning, copying, and faxing all into the same device.

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All-In-One

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_________________ is a GPS system that uses network resources and city-based cell towers in addition to regular satellite signals to provide the quickest, most efficient, and stable positioning data possible. The network resources and city-based cell towers are called upon whenever satellite signal conditions are poor, thus providing continuous positioning data without interruption.

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Assisted-GPS

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A _____________ is an individual who loves testing and using beta-release versions of software. ____________s may be focused more on the testing (and breaking) side of things, or may be eager to try out new features that other users do not have access to yet.

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Betaphile

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_______________ is a procedure to analyze network transmission efficiency and determine the error rate (bits received in error) of transmissions.

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Bit Error Rate Test

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An _________________ is a website that 'observes' and adjusts to the interactions with, and habits of, its visitors. Once an ________________ has been able to establish patterns for its visitors, it will adjust the structure, content, and/or presentation of information in order to optimize the user experience for future interactions with those visitors.

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Adaptive Website

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An _____________ is an area where a collection of cellular, microwave, radio, satellite, and/or TV transmitting/receiving antenna equipment is located together in a group. Grouping all the antenna equipment together like this makes it easier to perform maintenance and protect the equipment from theft.

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Antenna Farm

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________________ refers to the theoretical concept of placing servers in the basements of residential homes, apartments, and offices as a source of heat for those buildings. Since servers generate large amounts of heat, it was theorized that a _______________ could be a cheaper source of heat for people while helping large companies save money in comparison to running full-blown data centers.

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Data Furnace

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________ is the term used to 'describe' when a website receives a warning letter about copyright violations and/or is forced to remove copyrighted material from the website in question.

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Foxed

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_______________ is a marketing strategy used to create a sense of insecurity in users and customers about a competitor's product. If effective, users and customers will be discouraged or hesitant about buying the competing product and stay with their current product supplier instead.

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Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt

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_________________is a network that has been specifically designed to withstand anomalies, disturbances, limitations, temporary (or intermittent) communications problems, and outages with as little impact as possible on regular network operations.

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Disruption Tolerant Network

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A _________________is an individual or organization that searches for and registers well-known or popular website domains whose registration has lapsed by accident or forgetfulness. The _______________ will then offer to sell the domain back to the original registrants for a 'price'.

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Domain Sniper

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An ___________________ is a private network or website that is not available to the general public, but is specifically set up for customers, partners, suppliers, vendors, etc. Access to an ________________ will require the appropriate login and password credentials, and can either be free or require a subscription.

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Extranet

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An ________________ is a program that works its way through a network searching for software that needs to be updated and/or patches that need to be applied for known vulnerabilities. Like the malicious version, an ________________ will most likely operate on and update the computers in a network without users being aware of its presence.

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Ethical Worm

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A ______________is a librarian who does most of their research and information retrieval via the internet, or an individual who specializes in using the internet as an information gathering and resource tool.

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Cybrarian

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_____________refers to the practice of internally using a product or service a company has developed before offering or releasing it to the public.

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Dogfooding

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A ________________ is a form of brute force attack used to discover passwords for user accounts, computers, and servers via the systematic entry of the words found in a dictionary.

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Dictionary Attack

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_________________ refers to the elemental functions or processes that are conducted with a set of data or a persistent database.

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Create - Retrieve (or Read) - Update - Delete

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_____________ refers to the density or number of typographic characters that will fit into an inch of printed line for a given font.

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Characters Per Inch

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A ______________ is a method used by spammers in order to build a database of valid (working) e-mail addresses. This is done by generating lists of random or common names and sending them out to valid domains like Yahoo, Gmail, etc.

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Directory Harvest Attack

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____________ is a nickname for an individual who enjoys spending time with people who are technical and/or more computer literate than they are.

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Droupie

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________________ refers to raw data that has been analyzed, extracted, manipulated, organised, presented, and/or processed for further use.

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Cooked Data

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____________ is a subset of standard HTML that was specifically adapted for use with small, 'limited ability' electronic devices such as mobile phones (older/earlier versions) and PDAs.

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C-HTML

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________________ refers to data that is archived or kept for reference, and is rarely (or never) changed or updated. _________________ may be stored in encrypted form on a variety of sources such as: servers, backup storage, external backup mediums, an employee's hard drive, etc.

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Data At Rest

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_________________ refers to the practice of using a search engine to see how many times and/or places your name is mentioned or cited on the internet.

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Ego-Surfing

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______________ refers to ceasing all contact and interaction with the internet whether it be via computers, mobile phones, tablets, etc. so that an individual can de-stress and/or focus on actual physical contact or social interaction with people.

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Digital Detox

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A __________, also referred to as an integrated circuit, is an unpackaged bare chip (a small block of semiconducting material on which a functional circuit has been fabricated).

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Die

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_________________ refers to the \"questionable\" practice of adding the term \"cloud\" to the name of a hardware or software product in order to make it sound fresh, up to date, or as an attempt to re-brand it simply because of the cloud's popularity.

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Cloud Washing

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________________ refers to the use of two or more cloud environments (public and/or private) for an application that requires a large amount of computing resources.

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Cloud Spanning

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_____________refers to the act of removing an item or data from a Queue (temporary holding place for data). The opposite action (Enqueue) refers to the act of adding an item or data to a Queue.

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Dequeue

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The original (and main) usage of the term ________________refers to the act of throwing someone or something out of a window. But when it comes to computers, the term ______________is humorously used to refer to the act of removing Microsoft Windows from a computer.

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Defenestration

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_______________ refers to the sudden loss of an audio or video digital transmission signal. Unlike analog transmission signals which can fade in and out, digital transmission signals are an all-or-nothing deal...either there is enough signal strength to maintain the minimum signal threshold or there is not.

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Cliff Effect

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_________________ refers to the percentage of customers who discontinue or cancel their mobile phone, online, subscription, or telephone service within a given period of time. The _________________is calculated by dividing the number of customers who discontinue or cancel their service by the average total number of customers for that time period.

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Churn Rate

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A _____________ is a link to any web page of a given website that is not its home page (i.e. a link to a specific blog post rather than the blog's home page).

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Deep Link

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_____________ refers to the 'moment of emergence' when an individual who has only observed a chat room, forum, etc. finally chooses to start actively participating and interacting with others.

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De-lurk

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_______________ refers to decorative pieces of jewelry, personal adornments, household decorations, etc. that have been made out of outdated and/or scrapped electronic components.

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Chip Jewelry

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A _________________ is a computer keyboard with flat, square keys with rounded corners that are reminiscent of Chiclets gum.

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Chiclet Keyboard

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A ____________ is a specific or special subset/repository of data in a Data Warehouse that is for use by a specific department within a company, or for a particular function/need in a company's operations.

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Data Mart

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________________ is a feature in most web browsers that lets an individual navigate a web page, select text, etc. with a \"|\" text cursor via their keyboard. The feature is also present in text editors, word processing programs, and desktop publishing programs.

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Caret Navigation

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____________ refers to the practice of spelling out the names of hardware and/or software products using multiple capital letters such as BlackBerry, TiddlyWiki, etc. The use of _____________ can also be applied to long names or words where no spaces are allowed between the words entered/used on a computer system, thus making the words easier to read and understand versus an 'all capitals' or 'all lower-case' entry (i.e. JaneSmith versus JANESMITH versus janesmith).

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CamelCase

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A _________________ can be either: A collection of blog posts that have been compiled, edited, and published as a printed book.

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Blook

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_____________ refers to compulsive, excessive, and/or meaningless ranting/raving by an individual on a blog.

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Blogorrhea

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______________ refers to the ability to use (operate) a computer mouse equally well with either one's left or right hand.

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Ambimoustrous

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______________refers to the use of location services in smart phones by installed social media apps to constantly (and automatically) 'broadcast' your location to others in a given range. This is done with the intent of helping people find their friends so that they can do things together, or to meet new people in a given area who share similar interests. The constant 'broadcasting' of a person's location to friends and strangers alike does raise concerns about privacy, and in some cases, personal safety.

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Ambient Social Networking

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_______________ refers to the practice of bribing and/or offering of desirable 'products' to bloggers in exchange for favorable write-ups, reviews, promoting, and/or mentions of a specific product or service on their blogs.

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Blogola

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A _____________ is a list of recommended links to other blogs that are related to the blog in question, may be of interest to readers, or included as a show of support for the blog owner's personal interests or affiliations (i.e. political, etc.).

answer

Computer Vocab

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