CompTIA Linux+ – Flashcards

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During Linux installation, you need to configure a minimum of how many user accounts?
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two
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Filesystem that performs journaling
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ext3
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Shares password databases among Linux systems
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Network Information Service (NIS)
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Program started by the BIOS that loads the Linux kernel into memory from a hard disk partition inside the computer
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boot loader
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command that halts the system immediately and powers down the computer
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poweroff
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Allows you to choose the operating system upon system startup
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dual booting
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Specify a commands' working parameters
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arguments
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Channel that allows a user to log in
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terminal
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Alter the way a command works
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options
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Traditional filesystem still used on most Linux computers
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ext2
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In Linux, what is used to accept input from the user and pass input to the kernel for processing?
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Shell
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To find all of the commands that have the word list in their name or description, you would type what?
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man -k list
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What metacharacterindicates background command execution?
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;
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What is the shell that is used by default in Linux?
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BASH
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Which Linux Command displays your login name?
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whoami
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What is the most common method of installing Linux?
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DVD installation
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Because you need to document so many pieces of hardware and software information, you should create a ______ that contains all important installation information as well as hardware information.
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Preinstallation checklist
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What are specific letters that start with a dash (-)?
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Options
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What directory contains system commands and utilities?
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/usr
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What filesystem is compatible with the Windows FAT filesystem?
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VFAT
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Hard disks can contain how many major partitions?
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4
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The command that displays the calendar for the current month is what?
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cal
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what is the metacharacter for command termination?
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;
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Which Linux command gets you out of your current shell?
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exit
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The recommended size for the /home directory is _____ per user.
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200 MB
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What command will confirm the system directory that you are currently in?
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pwd
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What metacharacter can also be used to refer to the current user's home directory?
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~
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To move from the /home/joe/test/data to the home/joe directory, what command would you use?
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cd../..
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If you type enough unique letters of a directory and press the _____ key, the BASH shell will find the intended file or directory being specified and fill in the appropriate information.
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Tab
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Most files on a Linux system that contain configuration information are what kind of files?
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text files
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To view a list of files and their type, use the ____ switch to the ls command.
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-F
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The ____ symbol indicates a linked file.
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@
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The ____ command can be used to provide a long listing for each file in a certain directory.
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ls -l
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Using wildcard metacharacters, how can one indicate a number is either 1, 2, 3, or 4?
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[1-4]
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The ____ command displays the last five lines of a text file
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tail -5
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Extended regular expression metacharacters
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?, +, {}, |
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The ____ regular expression metacharacter matches 0 or more occurrences of the previous character.
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*
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What key combination, commonly used in the vi editor command mode, displays current line statistics?
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ctrl + g
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The ____ can be used with LISP artificial intelligence programming language and supports hundreds of keyboard functions like the vi editor.
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Emacs editor
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The ____ editor is functionally analogous to the Windows Wordpad and Notepad editors.
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gedit
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Displays files in reverse order
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tac command
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Displays lines of test that match extended regular expressions
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egrep comand
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Identifies a channel that passes information from one process in memory to another, and in some cases can be mediated by fiels on the hard drive
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named pipe
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Special file that serves as placeholders to organize other files
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directory
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Displays the first ten lines of a text file
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head command
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A file that represents a device on the system, such as a hard disk or serial port
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Special device file
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Files that have an association with one another
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Linked files
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A file that contains the most recent entries at the bottom of the file
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log file
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A file that allows a process on another computer to write to a file on the local computer while another process reads from that file
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socket file
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In the FHS, the ____ directory contains the Linux kernel and files used by the boot loader
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/boot
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In FHS, the ____ directory is the root user's home directory
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/root
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In the FHS, the ____ directory contains most system commands and utilities
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/usr
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Copying a file can be accomplished using what command?
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cp
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What command takes a list of arguments specifying the absolute or relative pathnames of files to remove?
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rm
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The fastest method to search for files in the Linux Directory tree is to use what command?
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locate command
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You can see the contents of a certain variable in memory by using the ____ metacharacter with the echo command
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$
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The ____ section of a filesystem is the section that contains information about the filesystem in general.
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superblock
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To create a hard link, you must use the ____ command
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ln
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The section of an inode that stores permissions is called the _____ of a file.
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mode
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In a file's mode, if a permission is unavailable, a ____ character replaces its position in the mode
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-
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If a user has _____ permission for a file, they can open. read, and edit the contents of a file
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write
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When using the chmod command for a specific file, the ______ argument would add read permissin and remove write permission for the group persmission
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g+r-w
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When using the chmod command, the mode rwx can be replaced by the number____.
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7
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To set all of the special permission on a certain file or directory, you can use the command _____, where name is the name of the file or directory.
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chmod 7777 name
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Command used to change the permissions for a certain file or directory
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chmod
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Command used to view you current user name
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whoami
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Command used to view your group memberships and primary group
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groups
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Command used to change the group owner of a file or directory
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chgrp
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Command used to test network connectivity
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ping
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Command used to change the ownership of a file or directory
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chown
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Command used to display BASH shell aliases
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alias
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Special variable on the system used to take away permissions on new files and directories immediately after they are created.
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umask
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Command used to quickly create an empty file.
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touch
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Devices that transfer data in a character-by-character fashion are referred to as______devices.
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character
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The ____ device file represents the first primary partition on the second IDE hard disk drive (primary slave).
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/dev/hdb1
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The ____ device file represents the second serial port on the system (COM2).
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/dev/ttyS1
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The ____ filesystem is used by software programs that write to a CD-RW or DVD-RW drive.
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udf
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The _____ filesystem contains most of the operating system files.
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root
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To format a filesystem with a specified filesystem type, you can use the ____ option with the mkfs command.
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-t
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To mount all filesystems in the /etc/fstab file that are intended to mount at boot time, you can simply type the ____ command.
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mount -a
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CD-ROMs typically use the _____ filesystem
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iso9660
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Linux requires how many partitions at minimum?
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two
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Data is read off of hard disks in concentric circles called what?
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tracks
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To create partitions after installation, you can use the _____ command
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fdisk
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The easiest method for monitoring free space by mounted filesystems is to use the _____ command
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df
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Errors on a filesystem are often referred to as filesytem ____ and are common on most filesystems.
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corruption
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To check a filesystem for errors, you can use the _____ command, which can check filesystems of many different types.
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fsck
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You can edit the quotas for certain users by using the _____ command
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edquota
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Directory that stores devices files
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/dev
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Indicates a particular device
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minor number
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File on the hard disk representing a device on a Linux system
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device file
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Command used to create modify system parameters
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tune2fs
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The first readable sector of a hard disk, where partition definitions are stored
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MBR
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File that contains a list of devices that are currently used on the filesystem and their major numbers
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/proc/devices
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Rigid quota limits that the user cannot exceed
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hard limits
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Points to the device driver for a device in the Linux kernel
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major number
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Hard disk quotas that the user can exceed for a certain period of time.
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Soft limits
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Each SCSI device is assigned a unique ID number known as a _____.
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target id
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Most Parallel SCSI controllers support up to ____ devices.
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15
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The highest priority SCSI device is given a SCSI ID of______.
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7
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The _____ standard supports speeds of up to 80 MB/s.
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SCSI-3 Ultra2 Wide
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Raid level _____ is often referred to as disk mirroring.
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1
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Raid level ____ is commonly referred to as disk striping with parity
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5
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A Fedora 13 CD installation requires ___ CDs.
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six
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In Fedora Linux, a ____ file is a script file that speifies the choices that you would normally choose when you install the operating system
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kickstart
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If a Linux installaion ends abnormally and the screen displays a "fatal signal _____" error message, it indicates an error known as a segmentation fault.
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11
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Some installation fail to place a boot loader on the hard disk properly; this is often the case with large hard disk drives that have over ____ cylinders.
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1024
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_____ installation log files are create by the Fedora installation program.
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two
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to verify hardware settings, you can examine the contents of the _____ directory.
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/proc
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The ____ file in the /proc directory contains a list of memory address ranges reserved for device use.
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ioports
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The ____ in the /proc directory contains statistics on the performance of the processor.
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loadavg
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A remote disk to which a computer connects using iSCSI
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iSCSI target
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File that contains a lists of packages that were installed as well as a list of those that were not installed
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/root/install.log
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A type of RAID level 0 that consists of two hard disks that are seen as one large volume.
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spanning
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A unique identifier for each devie attached to any given node in a SCSI chain
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Logical Unit Number (LUN)
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File that lists all of the system events that occurred during the installation, such as the creation of user and group accounts
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/root/install.log.syslog
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A version of RAID controlled by the system BIOS
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firmware RAID
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A protocol that may be used to install Fedora via the network.
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Network File System (NFS)
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A type of RAID level 0 in which an individual file is divided into sections and saved concurrently on multiple disks.
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disk striping
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The situation in which a program has accessed an area of RAM that was not assigned
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segmentation fault
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The file descriptor stderr is represented by the number___.
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2
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You can ue the BASH shell to redirect standard output and standard error from the terminal screen to a file on the filesystem using the ___ shell metacharacter followed by the absolute or relative pathname of the file
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>
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You can redirect a file to the standard input of a command using the ____ character.
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<
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The ____ command can be used to replace characters in a file sent via Standard Input
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tr
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You can send the standard output of one command to another command as standard input using the ____ shell metacharacter.
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|
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The ____ command count the number of lines, words, and characters in a file
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wc
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The ____ command can be used to extract, manipulate, and format text using pattern-action statements
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awk
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Most configuration files on Linux systems are delimited using ____ characters
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colon
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To see a list of the environmental variables and their current values on a system, you can use the ____ command
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set
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The _____ command could be used to view the contents of the environment variable that represents the BASH shell prompt.
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echo $PS1
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To see a list of all exported environment and user-defined variables in the shell, you can use the ____ command
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env
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The _____ environment fiel is always executed immediately after login for all users on the system, and sets most environment variables, such as HOME and PATH.
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/etc/profile
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If you have _____ permission to a shell script, you cn execute the shell script like any other executable program on the system.
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read and execute
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The test statement ____ would be used to determine if A is numerically greater than B
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[ A -gt B ]
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Labels representing command input and output
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file descriptors
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Any error messages generated by a command
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stderr
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Shell variables that are typically set by the system and contain information that the system and programs access regularly
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environment variables
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Files that are typically used to create custom programs that perform administrative tasks on Linux systems.
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shell scrpits
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The first line in a shell script, which specifies the pathname to the shell that interprets the contents of the shell script
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hashpling
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The information that is processed by the command during execution
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stdin
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Constructs that alter the flow of a program based on whether a command in the program completed successfully or based on a decision that the uer makes given a question posed by the program
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a decision construct
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The normal output of a command
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stdout
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A filter command that takes information from standard input and sends that information to a file, as well as to standard output.
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tee
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The Linux kernel is stored in the _____ directory.
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/boot
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_____ of the GRUB boot loader typically resided on the Master boot record
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Stage 1
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To create an encrypted password for use in the /boot/grub/grub.conf, you can use the ____ command
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grub-md5-crypt
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In the /etc/lilo.conf file, the ____ keyword specifies the absolute pathname to the Linux kernel.
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image=
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In the /etc/lilo.conf file, the ____ keyword specifies the file that contains the physical layout of the disk drive.
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install=
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After the entries in /etc/inittab have been executed, the ____ file is executed to perform tasks that must occur after system startup.
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/etc/rc.d/rc.local
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You can use the ____ command to start, stop, or restart any daemons listed within the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory.
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service
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Which utility can be used to modify runtime configuration files so that they start and stop daemons when entering a particular runlevel?
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ntsysv
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___ is a freely available version of X Windows used in many Linux Distributions.
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XFree86
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The two most common dsktop environments that are used on Linux are ____and____.
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kde and gnome
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The ______ window manager is used for the GNOME desktop in Red Hat Fedora Core 2
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metacity
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If your system uses the X.org implementation of X Windows, the mouse, keyboard, monitor, and video adapter card information is stored in the ____ file in text format
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/etc/x11/xorg.conf
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To configure your keyboard, you can use the _____ command from either a GUI or terminal environment and restart X Windows
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system-config-keyboard
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After configuring X Windows, you can fine-tune the vsync and hsync of the video card using the ____ utility withing the desktop environment.
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xvidtune
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Programs that tell X Windows how to draw teh graphics and display the reult
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X Client
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A LILO version available for Intel Pentium and Itanium computers that use Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI).
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ELILO
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Utility used to configure video card and monitor
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Display settings
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Modifies the look and feel of X Windows
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Window manager
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A system process tha performs useful tasks, such as printing, scheduling, and operating system maintenance
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daemon
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Another name for runlevels
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initstates
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Partition to which the MBR points
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active partition
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Most common boot loader on modern Linux systems.
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Grand unified bootloader
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Used to run multiple OSs at the same time
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virtualization software
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