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uses pins and inked ribbons to print text or images on a piece of paper.

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impact printer

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printer that creates each character from an array of dots. pins striking a ribbon against the paper, one pin for each dot position, form the dots. may be a serial printer or a line printer.

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dot-matrix printers

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dot-matrix printers use this grid, or matrix, of tiny pins to strike an inked printer ribbon to produce images on paper.

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printwires

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the case that holds printwires.

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printhead

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what 9-pin dot-matrix printers are generically known as.

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draft quality

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what 24-pin dot-matrix printers are also known as.

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near-letter quality (NLQ)

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aka: ink-dispersion printers. uses liquid ink, sprayed through a series of tiny jets, to print text or images on paper.

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inkjet printers

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enables the printer to print automatically on both sides of the paper.

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duplex assemblies

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a continuous-feed paper with holes on its sides that are engaged by metal spokes to pull the paper through.

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tractor-feed paper

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part on an inkjet printer that holds the ink.

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carriage

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on an inkjet printer, this grabs the paper from the paper tray and advances it through the printer.

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roller

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the density of ink, which affects print quality and the print speed. resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi) and speed is measured in pages per minute (ppm).

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print resolution

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aka: thermal-dye transfer printing. printer that uses a roll of heat-sensitive plastic film embedded with dyes, which are vaporized and then solidified onto specially coated paper to create a high-quality image.

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dye-sublimation printer

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smaller, specialized dye-sublimation printers made for printing photos at a reduced cost compared to their full-sized counterparts.

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snapshot printers

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the printed image is not constructed of pixel dots, but a continuous blend of overlaid differing dye colors.

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continuous tone image

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use closely packed, single-color dots to simulate blended colors.

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dithered images

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use a heated printhead to create a high-quality image on special or plain paper.

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thermal printers

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use a heating element to burn dots into the surface of special, heat-sensitive paper.

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direct thermal printer

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work similarly to dye-sublimation printers, except that instead of using rolls of dye-embedded film, the film is coated with colored wax. the thermal printhead passes over the ribbon and melts the wax onto the paper.

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thermal wax transfer printer

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electro-photographic printer in which the laser is used as the light source. relies on photoconductive properties of certain organic compounds.

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laser printer

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means that particles of these compounds, when exposed to light, will conduct electricity.

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photoconductive

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in a laser printer, this supplies the toner that creates the image on the page.

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toner cartridge

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aka: imaging drum. in a laser printer, an aluminum cylinder coated with particles of photosensitive compounds. the drum itself is grounded to the power supply, but the coating is not. when light hits these particles, whatever electrical charge they may have "drains" out the grounded cylinder.

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photosensitive drum

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in a laser printer, it exposes the entire surface of the photosensitive drum to light, making the photosensitive coating conductive. any electrical charge present in the particles bleeds away into the grounded drum, leaving the surface particles electrically neutral.

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erase lamp

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aka: primary charge roller. in a laser printer, its located next to the photosensitive drum, it never touches the drum. when it is charged with an extremely high voltage, an electric field (or corona) forms, enabling voltage to pass to the drum and charge the photosensitive particles on its surface.

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primary corona wire

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in a laser printer, regulates the transfer of voltage, ensuring that the surface of the drum receives a uniform negative voltage of between ~600 and ~1000 volts.

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primary grid

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in a laser printer, this charges the toner with a negative charge of between ~200 and ~500 volts. because that charge falls between the original uniform negative charge of the photosensitive drum (~600 to ~1000 volts) and the charge of the particles on the drum's surface hit by the laser (~100 volts), particles of toner are attracted to the areas of the photosensitive drum that have been hit by the laser.

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toner cylinder

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in a laser printer, a fine powder made up of plastic particles bonded to iron particles. typically carbon particles mixed with a polyester resin.

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toner

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on a laser printer, a thin wire, usually protected by other thin wires, that applies a positive charge to the paper during the printing process, drawing the negatively charged toner particles off of the drum and onto the paper. newer printers accomplish the same feat using a transfer roller that draws the toner onto the paper.

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transfer corona

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in a laser printer, this prevents the paper from wrapping around the drum by removing the charge from the paper.

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static charge eliminator

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in a laser printer, mechanism that uses two rollers to fuse toner to paper during the print process.

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fuser assembly

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aka: gearboxes. in laser printers, these gear systems are packed together in discreteunits. they can be easily removed and most have their own motor or solenoid to move the gears.

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gear packs

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in a laser printer, this board is the main processor, the printer's ROM and the RAM used to store the image before it is printed.

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system board

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to prevent buildups of ozone in the laser printer, this helps counter that problem and need to be vacuumed or replaced periodically.

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ozone filter

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printer that uses solid sticks of non-toxic "ink" that produce vibrant color documents with much less waste than color laser printers.

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solid ink printers

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industry-standard 8-bit characters used to define text characters, consisting of 96 upper and lower case letters, plus 32 nonprinting control characters. each of which is numbered. these numbers were designed to achieve uniformity among computer devices for printing and the exchange of simple text documents.

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American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

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language defined by Adobe for describing how to create an image on a page. the description is independent of the resolution of the device that will actually create the image. it includes a technology for defining the shape of a font and creating a raster image at many different resolutions and sizes.

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PostScript

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printer language created by Hewlett Packard and used on a broad cross-section of printers.

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printer control language (PCL)

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component of Windows that utilizes the CPU rather than the printer to process a print job as a bitmapped image of each page.

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graphical device interface (GDI)

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provides several improvements over GDI, including enhanced color management and better print layout fidelity.

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XML paper specification (XPS) print path

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connection for the synchronous, high-speed flow of data along parallel lines to a device, usually a printer.

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parallel port

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IEEE standard involving parallel communication. supports five distinct modes: compatibility mode, nibble mode, byte mode, EPP and ECP.

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IEEE 1284

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usually refers to a printer cable with the male DB-25 connector on one end and a 36-pin Centronics connector on the other.

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standard parallel cable

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comes with its own onboard network adapter that uses a standard RJ-45 Ethernet cable to connect the printer directly to the network by way of a router.

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network printer

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a standalone network device that connects your printer to the network.

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print server

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processing, charging, exposing, developing, transferring, fusing and cleaning.

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seven steps of laser printing:

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area of memory that queues up print jobs that the printer will handle sequentially.

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print spooler

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a chip in a laser printer that translates the raster image into commands to the laser.

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raster image processor (RIP)

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Also called bitmap images, they are made of a grid of pixels. Bitmap images can represent subtle gradations and tones; therefore, these types of graphics are best used for continuous-tone images such as photographs. When editing these images you edit groups of pixels rather than shapes as in vector images. Adobe PhotoShop and other photo imaging software use bitmap graphics.

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raster image

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technology that uses small dots to smooth out jagged edges that are typical of printers without it, producing a higher quality print job.

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resolution enhancement technology (RET)

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using a substitute printer driver for a printer, as opposed to using one made exclusively for that printer.

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printer emulation

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matches the print output of your printer to the visual output on your monitor and governs that through software.

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calibration

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a preference file that instructs your printer to print colors a certain way - for example, to match what is on your screen.

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International Color Consortium (ICC) color profile

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feature of Windows Vista/7 that helps build color profiles for use across devices. based on a standard Microsoft calls color infrastructure and translation engine (CITE).

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Windows Color System (WCS)

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special, low-static vacuum designed especially for electronic components.

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toner vacuum

CompTIA A+, Chapter 28

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