Complete College Algebra Vocabulary Set
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numerical expression
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consists of numbers and operations
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evaluate
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to find the value of an expression
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order of operations
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the order in which operations in an expression to be evaluated are carried out. 1. parentheses 2. exponets 3. multiplication and divison 4. addition and subtraction
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variable
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a letter used to represent one or more numbers
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variable expression
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consists of numbers, variables, and operations
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power
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is a number made of repeated factors
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exponent
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a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself
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base
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is the number that is repeatedly multiplied in a power
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equation
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a mathematical sentence with an equal sign that shows that two expressions are equivalent
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solving an equation
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finding all the solutions of an equation
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formula
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An equation that shows a relationship among two or more quantities
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perimeter
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The sum of the lengths of the sides of a polygon
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area
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the number of square units needed to cover a flat surface
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integers
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Positive and Negative Whole Numbers and 0. Examples: .... -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3.....(Does not include fractions or decimals)
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absolute value
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the distance a number is from 0 on the number line, value of n is written l n l
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additive identity property
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The sum of a number and zero is always that number.
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additive inverse property
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The sum of a number and its opposite is zero.
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multiplication identity property
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The product of any number and one is that number.
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mean
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the sum of the values in a data set divided by the number of values in the set
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commutative property of addition
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In a sum, you can add terms in any order, a + b = b + a
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commutative property of multiplication
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the order of the factors does not change the product a x b = b x a
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associative property of addition
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changing the grouping of terms will not change the sum, (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
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associative property of multiplication
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changing the grouping of factors will not change the product, (ab)c = a(bc)
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distributive property
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a(b + c) = ab + ac an + ac = a(b+ c)
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terms
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in an expression are separated by addition and subtraction signs
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like terms
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terms that have identical variable parts raised to the same power
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coefficient
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number in front of a variable
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constant
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a term that has no variable and does not change
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coordinate plane
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A plane that is divided into four regions by a horizontal line called the x-axis and a vertical line called the y-axis. aka \"the Cartesian plane\" after René Descartes
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ordered pair
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A pair of numbers, (x, y), that indicate the position of a point on a coordinate plane.
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quadrant
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one of four sections into which the coordinate plane is divided
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Inverse Operation
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operations that undo each other, such as addition and subtraction
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Isolate the variable
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To get a variable alone on one side of an equation or inequality in order to solve the equation or inequality
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Equivalent Equations
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equations that have the same solution
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base
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the bottom of a triangle
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height
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the perpendicular (90 degrees) distance from the base of a triangle to the opposite vertex
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Inequality
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A statement that compares two quantities using , ≤,≥, or ≠
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Equivalent Inequalities
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inequalities that have the same solution
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prime number
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A whole number that has exactly two factors, 1 and itself.
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composite
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a number that has more than two factors
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monomial
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a single term made up of numbers and variables
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prime factorization
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a number written as the product of its prime factors
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greatest common factor
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The largest factor that two or more numbers have in common.
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simplest form
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when the GCF of the numerator and denominator is 1
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equivalent fractions
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fractions that have the same value and the same simplest form
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multiple
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skip-counting by any given number Ex: 4, 8, 12, 16...
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least common multiple
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the smallest multiple that two or more numbers have in common
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least common denominator
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The least common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions.
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scientific notation
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a method of writing very large or very small numbers by using powers of 10
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reciprocal
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one of a pair of numbers whose product is 1: the reciprocal of 2/3 is 3/2
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rational number
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A number that can be written as a/b where a and b are integers, but b is not equal to 0.
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repeating decimal
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a decimal in which one or more digits repeat infinitely
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median
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is the middle value in a data set where the numbers are ordered least to greatest
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mode
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is the value in a data set that occurs most often. If all values occur the same amount of times there is no mode for that set.
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range
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is the difference of the greatest value and the least value in a set of data.
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circle
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is the set of all points that are an equal distance from a point called the center
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center
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the point in the exact middle of a circle
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radius
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a line segment from the center of a circle to any point on the circle (is also half the diameter)
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diameter
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the distance across a circle through its center (is also twice the radius)
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circumference
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The distance around a circle.
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ratio
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a comparison of two numbers by division
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rate
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a ratio that compares two quantities measured in different units
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unit rate
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a rate that has a denominator of 1
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equivalent ratios
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Ratios that have the same value.
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proportion
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an equation that states that two ratios are equal Ex: 1/2 = x/10
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scale model
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a model of an object in which the dimensions are in proportion to the actual dimensions of the object.
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percent
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a ratio whose denominator is 100
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interest
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is the amount paid for borrowing or lending money
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principal
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the original amount of money loaned or borrowed
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annual interest rate
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apr, the percent of the principal you pay or earn a year
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probability of an event
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number of favorable outcomes divided by total number of possible outcomes
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theoretical probability
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what should occur in a probability experiment...an experiment is not actually done
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experimental probability
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probability based on what happens when an experiment is actually done
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opposite
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the number that is on the other side of 0 and is exactly the same distance away from 0
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radical expression
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an expression that contains a square root
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perfect square
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a number that has a whole number for a square root ex: 9, 16, 121
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irrational number
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a number that can not be written a/b
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Pythagorean Theorem
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a² + b² = c²
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Pythagorean triple
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a set of three positive integers that work in the pythagorean theorem
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Pi
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3.1415.... is an irrational number resulting from the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter
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cube
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special polyhedron with faces that are all squares
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surface area
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The total area of the 2-dimensional surfaces that make up a 3-dimensional object.
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volume
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the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object
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input
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the x-value in a function
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output
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the y-value in a function
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function
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a relation that assigns exactly one output value for each input value
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domain
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the set of all the input (x-values) for a function
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range
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the set of all the output (y-values) for a function
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linear equation
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an equation whose answers are ordered pairs (x,y) and whose answers graph a straight line
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x-intercept
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the point where a graph crosses the x-axis
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y-intercept
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the point where a graph crosses the y-axis
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slope
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the steepness of a line on a graph, rise over run
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slope intercept form
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y = mx + b
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tree diagram (probability)
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a diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes in an experiment
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odds
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the ratio of the number of ways the event can occur to the number of ways the event cannot occur. Favorable over Unfavorable.
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independent event (probability)
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an event that is not affected by another event.
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dependent event (probability)
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an event who's outcome does depend on the outcome of a previous event
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fundamental counting principle
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combinations
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permutations
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