Community health exam #1 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Healthy People provides science-based, 10-year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans.
answer
Healthy people 2020
question
Major health policy creation or changes—for the most part, governmental policy that affects healthcare delivery in a given place; affect the populations for which nurses provide care and the conditions under which they provide it
answer
Health care reform
question
A document jointly developed by the ANA and the National League for Nursing (NLN) that was significant in terms of its expression of nursing's values and in furthering an understanding of the profession itself. Values such as health services for all, illness prevention, and wellness were identified as prominent concerns.
answer
Nursing Agenda for health care reform
question
Begins when pathology is involved and is aimed at early detection through diagnosis and prompt treatment. This level of prevention is aimed at halting the pathological process, thereby shortening its duration and severity and getting the patient back to a normal state of functioning.
answer
Secondary Prevention
question
The practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences. The practice is population-focused, with the goals of promoting health and preventing disease and disability for all people through the creation of conditions in which people can be healthy.
answer
Public Health Nursing
question
A market approach based on managed competition as a major strategy to contain healthcare costs.
answer
Managed care
question
Consists of activities designed around rehabilitation of a person with a permanent, irreversible condition. The goal of tertiary prevention goes beyond halting the disease process to restoring the person to an optimal level of functioning within the constraints of the disability.
answer
Tertiary Prevention
question
A group of people who have at least one thing in common and who may or may not interact with each other
answer
Population
question
A group of people who share something in common, who interact with one another, and who may exhibit a commitment to one another.
answer
Community
question
Recognized as the founder of modern professional nursing, and for developing the first school of nursing.
answer
Florence Nightingale
question
Created to increase access to affordable and accessible health care for millions of uninsured and underinsured Americans, with an emphasis on preventive health care, as well as protections for citizens from insurance companies denying coverage due to preexisting conditions and high-risk health conditions. The ACA's purpose is twofold: (1) to increase the number of Americans covered by health insurance and (2) to decrease the cost of health care.
answer
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
question
The learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular group that guide their thinking, decisions, and actions in patterned ways.
answer
Culture
question
Founded in 1948 through a special agreement with the United Nations, it responsible for directing and coordinating international health. The focus of WHO's work is producing and disseminating global health standards and guidelines, helping countries to address public health issues, and supporting health research. Its primary objective is for all people to attain the highest possible level of health.
answer
World Health Organization
question
Those people who are essentially healthy but whose health status could be improved or protected.
answer
Population of interest
question
Measures that focus on prevention of health problems before they occur; it is not therapeutic, which means that it does not consist of symptom identification and use of the typical therapeutic skills of the nurse.
answer
Primary Prevention
question
The science that provides community and public health with a framework for addressing the primary, secondary, and tertiary health needs for a population and directs community health nursing practice
answer
epidemiology
question
Care provided primarily at the individual and family levels, which contribute to the health of the community; often refers to nursing care provided outside of acute care settings.
answer
Community-based nursing
question
All the surroundings and conditions that affect the health of individuals, families, and communities. The environment has many different components, including social, cultural, political, economic, and ecological factors.
answer
enviornment
question
A systematic process of delivering nursing care to improve the health of an entire community.
answer
Community Health Nursing
question
A growing practice arena for nurses. Within the managed care environment, care management attempts to provide more timely and coordinated care for individuals.
answer
Care management
question
A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
answer
Health
question
Refers to interventions aimed at health promotion and disease prevention that shape a community's overall health status.
answer
Population-focused care
question
The delivery of health services in the home setting for purposes of restoring or maintaining the health of individuals and families.
answer
home health care
question
The study of how we should behave, or how to determine the right thing to do in our interactions with others.
answer
Ethics
question
Interpret community- and population-level data to plan interventions more appropriately and efficiently to work within the limited resources of the present healthcare environment.
answer
community and population focused care
question
An exercise by which a collaborative partnership gathers information on the current strengths, concerns, and conditions of children, families, and the community.
answer
community assessment
question
Identification of "labels" or names for the health problems in the community.
answer
community health diagnosis
question
A person who gives information of which they have direct knowledge and experience to a researcher.
answer
Primary Informant
question
The health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group.
answer
population health
question
A process in which the components of a community—families, organizations, and populations—are able to collaborate effectively in identifying the problems and needs of the community, achieving a working consensus on goals and priorities, agreeing on ways and means to implement the agreed-on goals, and collaborating effectively in the required action.
answer
community competency
question
Analysis of records, documents, and other previously collected data that may already exist in the form of census data, historical accounts, diaries, previous studies of the community or aggregate, court records, minutes from community meetings, and research studies on population risks.
answer
Secondary data
question
These observations through the window of an automobile are a way of collecting information about a community's environment. As an initial data-collection technique, a windshield survey often reveals common characteristics about how people live (e.g., transportation primarily by automobile, little pedestrian traffic), where they live, and the type of housing they live in.
answer
windshield surveys
question
Analysis of records, documents, and other previously collected data.
answer
secondary analysis of existing data
question
A qualitative approach to learning about subgroups within the population regarding sociocultural and other specific characteristics. Members of a focus group differ from other small groups in that the members are usually chosen to be fairly homogenous in regard to specific characteristics, such as gender, age, or other social variables. By being highly selective about the membership of a focus group, the nurse can learn a great deal about that particular subpopulation's needs and perceptions about viable, acceptable solutions to health problems.
answer
focus groups
question
Conceptualizing the entire community as an individual in order to develop an appropriate level of intervention to improve health. Health problems of communities are more readily understood by clinicians when analyzed in the same way that clinicians analyze the health problems of individual patients.
answer
community as patient
question
During this phase priorities are established, goals and objectives are identified based on those priorities, and community-focused interventions are developed.
answer
planning phase
question
Describes communities and populations; a measure of vital statistics, leading causes of death, mental health statistics, and crime rates.
answer
status
question
Informant interviews involve directly questioning community residents.
answer
informant interviews
question
A strategy for community members to voice their views.
answer
community forums
question
A measure of community or population health that reflects how well a community/population functions to keep healthy.
answer
process
question
Healthcare interventions that target communities—groups of people who share something in common, who interact with one another, and who may exhibit a commitment to one another.
answer
community focused intervention
question
Evaluation conducted to better understand the demographic, political, economic, and health system factors affecting a population.
answer
population assessment
question
Policies or programs that shift the distribution of health risk by addressing the underlying social, economic and environmental conditions.
answer
population level interventions
question
The formal and informal leaders in the community who represent a cross section of age groups and ethnic groups. They include town officials, elected members, student and group leaders, and informal "spokespersons" such as barbers or postal carriers.
answer
key informant
question
The strategic use of the mass media to advance healthy public policy by applying pressure to legislators and other policymakers.
answer
media advocacy
question
A social-action process in which individuals and groups act to gain mastery over their lives in the context of changing their social and political environment; it involves a participatory educational process in which people are not just the recipients of political, educational, or healthcare projects, but become active participants in naming their problems and proposing solutions.
answer
community empowerment
question
A group of health professionals and community leaders who work together to achieve community-focused interventions.
answer
Collaborative arrangment
question
The status, structure, and process of communities.
answer
healthy communities
question
Theoretical perspectives for understanding community dynamics and assessing the needs and strengths or assets of communities. In addition to providing guidance on the criteria or systems to be assessed when the patient is a community, these theoretical perspectives provide guidance for the development of community diagnoses, program planning, and the process for data collection, analysis, and dissemination of the findings.
answer
community assessment frameworks and models
question
In constructed surveys, community or aggregate members in a random sample of the population provide answers to written or oral questions. This technique is costly and time-consuming and is used only when other resources have been exhausted.
answer
Constructed surveys
question
Purposefully looking and listening for significant events that are taking place in the community.
answer
observation
question
Involves manipulating the driving and restraining forces in ways that increase the likelihood of positive changes in the population. An underlying assumption of this process is that the community or population must participate in the planning of change.
answer
Healthy change
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New