COMMUNICATION STUDIES - Flashcards

Q: The environments that communicators occupy are

fields of experience that affect how they understand others\' behavior.

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According to Chapter One, all of the following are attributes needed to communicate successfully with people from different cultures except

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friendliness

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Psychologist Abraham Maslow suggests that the most basic human needs

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must be satisfied before we concern ourselves with other ones.

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All of the following elements are included in the transactional communication model introduced in Chapter One except

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sender.

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All of the following are involved in learning to perform communication skills effectively except

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prowess.

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The environments that communicators occupy are

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fields of experience that affect how they understand others' behavior.

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"Decoding" is the process whereby

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we make sense out of the messages sent by others.

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Strategies you can use to develop a more mindful and competent style of intercultural communication include

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All these contribute to a more mindful and competent style of communication.

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Almost all messages have

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both content and relational dimensions.

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Which of the following factors might contribute to different environments?

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All of these contribute

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Research has shown that competent communicators achieve effectiveness by

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adjusting their behaviors to the person and situation.

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Which of the following is an inaccurate description of communication?

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Meanings are in words.

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Noise in the communication process is

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any force that interferes with effective communication.

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Some of the characteristics that make relationships more interpersonal than impersonal are

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uniqueness, irreplaceability, and interdependence.

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Effective communicators have been found to

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have a wide range of behaviors from which to choose.

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When you pay attention to your behavior in relationships, you are

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self-monitoring.

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Identity and communication are related in that we

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gain an idea of who we are from the way others communicate with us.

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Which is an example of "psychological noise" as defined in your text?

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feeling embarrassed about a mistake you made

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Which of the following is a channel for communication?

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TOUCHING WRITING TALKING GESTURING

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Getting others to behave in ways that we want is considered what type of goal ?

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instrumental

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The ability to construct a variety of different frameworks for viewing an issue is termed

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cognitive complexity.

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Research described in your text about mediated communication suggests that

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all of these options are supported by research.

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Self-fulfilling prophecies are

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positive or negative predictions of our behavior, imposed by others and/or ourselves.

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Which of the following is not an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

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All of these qualify as examples of self-fulfilling prophecies.

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All of the following are true of the self-concept except that

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it is objective.

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The term "self-concept" refers to

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the total of an individual's beliefs about his/her physical characteristics, intelligence, aptitudes, and social skills.

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A "significant other" is best defined as

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a person who has affected one's self-concept.

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According to your text, "ego-boosters and busters" are

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people or words that influence the self-concept positively or negatively.

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People who are high self-monitors

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are much more aware of their impression management behavior than others.

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The relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself is called your

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self-concept.

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People who have low self-esteem

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expect to be rejected by others.

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People who have high self-esteem

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expect to be accepted by others.

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The kind of person you believe yourself to be is called the

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perceived self.

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"Reference groups" are

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groups against which a person compares him/herself.

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The tendency to seek and attend to information that conforms to an existing self-concept has been labeled

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cognitive conservatism.

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The characteristic ways you think and behave across a variety of situations describes your

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personality.

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When Joe hangs his framed medical degrees on his office wall he is managing his identity through

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setting.

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To say that identity management is collaborative means that

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each person creates an identity in response to the other's behavior.

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The process whereby the self-concept develops due to the way we believe others see us is called

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reflected appraisal.

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People try to manage their identities in order to

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GET OTHERS TO DO SOMETHING THEY WANT SAVE ANOTHERS FACE INITIMATE A RELATIONSHIP

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Popular TV shows featuring makeovers suggest to us that our appearance must be improved, which can lead us to feel worse about ourselves. This idea best relates to:

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social comparison

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Which of these statements is not accurate, according to the text?

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Perception is not influenced by neurological or biological differences.

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Which perceptual tendency is illustrated in the following example? Leah was trying to be helpful when she told Eric he should wear pants that make him look less fat. However, when Eric told Leah she should lay off the makeup because it makes her look "old," she perceived his comment as hurtful and mean.

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We judge ourselves more charitably than others.gain insight into another's viewpoint.

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The story in your text about six men from Indostan illustrates

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different interpretations depending on point of view.

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A perception check includes

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two possible interpretations of the behavior. a description of the behavior you have noticed. a request for clarification about how to interpret the behavior correctly.

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What's missing from this perception check? "When you didn't do the grocery shopping today like you usually do, I figured you weren't feeling good or were mad at me."

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It doesn't request clarification.

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What's missing from this perception check? "I figure you're either upset with me or worried about your test. Is it something like that?"

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It doesn't describe behavior.

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What's missing from this perception check? "When you didn't call me when you said you would, I thought you might have forgotten or were mad at me. What happened?"

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Nothing is missing from this perception check.

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All of the following perceptual factors influence the way we interpret behavior except which one?

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androgynous style

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Talk is viewed as desirable and useful for both task and social purposes in

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Western culture.

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armando made a poor first impression on Bianca as he first arrived, so throughout their evening date, despite his pleasant behavior, Bianca continued to see him in an unfavorable light due to

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the halo effect.

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Being able to pick out your sister's comments from a babble of voices at a party illustrates the organizational principle of

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figure-ground organization.

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Exaggerated beliefs associated with a perceptual categorizing system are

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stereotypes.

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Phong is in the market for a new car and hopes to buy a Toyota Scion. It seems everywhere he goes lately he sees a Scion on the road. What does this exemplify in the process of selecting stimuli?

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motives

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When Shilo meets Ted at a party and asks what he does for a living. This is an example of classifying people by

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social role.

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The process whereby people influence each other's perceptions and attempt to achieve a shared perspective is called

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negotiation.

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While on vacation with her family in Germany, Abigail criticized how Germans drove on the Autobahn compared to American freeway driving. According to the text, Abigail's attitude is considered

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ethnocentrism.

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When Kasheem got caught speeding, Amy said he should have been more careful; later when Amy got caught speeding, she denied she was driving too fast. This is an example of what tendency in perception?

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The self-serving bias.

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Which of the following is most likely to account for your tendency to overlook the faults of your new romantic partner?

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relational roles

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According to your text, introverts are shy and usually don't like people.

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False

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Children may have difficulty interpreting their father's emotions because fathers tend to mask their expressions more than mothers do.

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True

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Writing out your feelings will not have the same benefit as expressing them verbally.

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false

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Roxanne's mood was affected by the excellent service she received at the coffee shop. This is best explained by the concept of

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emotional contagion

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The "amygdala" refers to

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the threat alarm system in the brain.

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Social scientists generally agree that there are four components to the phenomena we label as "feelings." They are

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physiological changes, nonverbal reactions, cognitive interpretations, and verbal expression.

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According to your text, one reason people don't express feelings is

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they lack awareness of their emotions.

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Research described in this chapter found that when subjects were coached to move their facial muscles in ways that appeared afraid, angry, disgusted, amused, sad, etc., the subjects responded

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as if they themselves were having these feelings.

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Many of our debilitative feelings come from

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our emotional memory. our genetic make-up. the beliefs we hold about events.

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Which of the following is true of debilitative feelings?

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They keep you from functioning effectively They often last a long time. They are a product of your beliefs. They are intense.

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People who subscribe to the fallacy of perfection believe

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a worthwhile communicator should be able to handle any situation with complete confidence and skill.

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Which of the following is an example of falling for the fallacy of causation?

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"People at parties make me nervous."

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Which of the following does the text offer as a guideline for expressing emotions?

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Share multiple feelings when appropriate.

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You never listen to me!" is an example of subscribing to the fallacy of

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overgeneralization.

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Which of the following is the best advice for expressing your emotions?

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Accept responsibility for your own feelings.

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Two things that distinguish facilitative feelings from debilitative ones are

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intensity and duration.

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Subscribing to the fallacy of catastrophic expectations can lead to

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self-fulfilling prophecies.

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"I feel like quitting school" is an example of

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an emotionally counterfeit statement.

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__________ is the term described in the text as the process of managing and sometimes suppressing emotions.

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Emotion labor

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How is emotional intelligence defined in the text?

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the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and be sensitive to others' feelings

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When a speaker uses powerful speech pattern he/she

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may undermine relational goals to accomplish short term goals

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"We" language

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may accomplish the goals of "I" language and sound less egotistical. should be avoided when expressing personal feelings and thoughts can signal closeness and cohesiveness with others can offend another person in some circumstances

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The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is the best known declaration of

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linguistic relativism

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In a low-context language culture, you will notice

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self-expression valued.

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When we study semantic rules, we learn that

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understanding occurs as a result of users agreeing on the same meanings for words.

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In cultures that stress formality in language

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language use defines social position

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Equivocal words

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have more than one commonly accepted definition h

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Which of the following is a way to avoid the abstraction in the statement "I've got to be a better student"?

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"I'm going to spend two hours a day studying."

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The Star Wars character, Yoda, is following a different set of __________ rules when he says things like "the dark side are they."

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syntactic

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To avoid fact-inference confusion, the authors advise you to use the skill of

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perception checking

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Which if the following is not true of deception detection?

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We underestimate our abilities to detect others' lies.

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Studies of nonverbal communication across cultures reveal that

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smiles and laughter are a universal signal of positive emotion

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Studies of nonverbal posture behaviors have found that

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tension and relaxation of muscles can indicate status differences.

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All of the following statements are true except which one?

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Nonverbal messages of the face and eyes are the easiest to read

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When our nonverbal behavior is unintentional

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others recognize it and make interpretations based on it

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When Kenji nods his head up and down rather than saying "Yes," he is using a nonverbal behavior known as a(n)

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emblem.

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Nodding, looking away, or moving toward the door are nonverbal behaviors that illustrate the nonverbal function of

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regulating.

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Ernesto's boss perceives him to be untrustworthy because he waits a week to reply to an important email. This behavior falls into the nonverbal category of

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chronemics.

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Gina looked annoyed when she walked into the classroom and saw Megan sitting in the chair she usually sits in. The nonverbal communication Gina is demonstrating is

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territoriality

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We spend more time listening than in any other type of communication.

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True

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Speaking is an active process; listening is a passive activity.

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False

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Because prompting involves using silences, it is not classified as a listening response.

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false

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Accurate analysis of a problem may arouse defensiveness.

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true

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A paraphrase that contains both thoughts and feelings can be a useful tool to help others because it allows the problem holder to unload concerns.

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true

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Whereas hearing is a physiological process, attending is a psychological one.

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true

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Listening is easier to do than speaking.

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false

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Rapid thought is a factor in why we don't listen better because we can understand speech faster than the other person speaks.

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true

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When considering what listening response style to choose, the best choice will always be your personal style.

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false

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All of the following are ineffective listening styles mentioned in the text except

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signal listening

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The process of using questioning and paraphrasing messages is a type of

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perception checking.

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All of the following are reasons why it is difficult to listen all the time except which one?

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We comprehend words at a slower rate than people speak them.

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According to your text, advice is

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actually unhelpful at least as often as it is helpful.

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Imagine you've been listening for some time to a friend talk about whether or not to drop out of school. Which is the best helping paraphrase response?

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"You're confused because there are as many reasons to stay as there are to leave, right?"

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When you try to reflect the underlying theme in a statement, you are engaging in

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paraphrasing.

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Constructive criticism is a kind of listening response that falls into the category termed

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judging.

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The residual message is

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the part of the message we remember.

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When you give careful and thoughtful attention and responses to the messages you receive you are listening

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mindfully.

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The theory that describes the different ways we listen (mindfully or mindlessly) is called __________.

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dual-process theory

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Which of the strategies for managing dialectical tensions are most effective, according to research?

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balance recalibaration reaffirmation

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In Chapter Eight's "Looking At Diversity" reading, Kevin Schomaker talks about how communicating on the Internet makes it easier to meet people since he

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is physically disabled

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According to Knapp's model of interaction stages, symbolic public gestures that show the world that a relationship exists usually occur in which stage in interpersonal relationships?

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bonding

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Social exchange theory suggests that we often seek out people who can give us

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rewards greater than or equal to the costs we encounter in dealing with them

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Talking the most, interrupting the other person, and changing the topic most often are all common indicators of

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conversation control

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"I was feeling trapped" is communication that characterizes what dialectical tension?

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connection autonomy

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Saying to your partner, "I wish you didn't use that tone of voice with me" is an example of

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metacommunication.

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Judith and Natalie work for the same employer and often have lunch together to talk about their current romances, problems with their families, and apartment headaches. Most Saturday afternoons they play tennis together. Which relationship stage do they seem to be in?

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intensifying

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A research study found that college students use the following relational maintenance strategies most in email.

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openess and social networks

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Social psychologist Roy Baumeister makes the case that, on average, most people want ___________ close, important relationships in their lives at any given time

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four to six

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The text states that romantic partners who fear rejection and abandonment are likely to act in ways that increase the odds of their fears coming to pass. This example best relates to which concept from Chapter Two?

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self-fulfilling prophecy

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Envisioning our family members represented in a mobile, with photos of each member suspended by a thread and connected to bars containing images of other members, may help us better understand the idea that

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families are systems

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When Marlina and Zach fight, they blow things out of proportion, interrupt each other, and yell. Their conflict style is most likely

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volatile

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Members of an individualistic culture like the United States

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act more familiar with strangers and disclose more personal information

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Some studies show that computer-mediated communication

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enhances verbal, emotional, and social intimacy in interpersonal relationships.

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mid and Micayla have an agreement that he will call to tell her when he will be late from work so she won't worry. When he forgets, Micayla is upset because of what type of transgression?

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relational

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All of the following are major indicators of a committed romantic relationship except for

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trying not to over communicate

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Messages shaping the communication climate of a relationship can be both verbal and nonverbal.

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true

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Perception makes little difference in determining whether a message is disconfirming.

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false

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When coping with criticism, it isn't a good idea to ask what else is wrong because it just brings up too much material to handle at one time.

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false

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Behavior that fits into Gibb's category of "strategy" attempts to manipulate the other into doing what you want.

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true

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What Gibb describes as "spontaneity" means saying the first thing that comes into your mind.

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false

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A supportive climate usually results from the expression of empathy.

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true

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When you decide to acknowledge an accurate criticism, an apology is also necessary.

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false

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"Rankism" best relates to which of these behaviors?

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superiority

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Cassie felt ignored because Jaime kept playing on his phone during their lunch together. This example best illustrates which type of disconfirming message?

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impervious

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The elements of an assertive message are

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behavior, interpretation, feeling, consequence, and intention.

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Evaluative language is also described as

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"you" language.

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Destructive fights often start because the initiator confronts a partner who isn't ready for a confrontation

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true

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Research has shown that strong marriages manage conflict in constructive ways.

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true

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Which of the following is not an example of workplace bullying?

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assertive language

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Stonewalling sends a(n) __________ message to the other person.

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disconfirming

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Researcher John Gottman has been able to predict with over 90 percent accuracy whether a marriage will end in divorce by looking for evidence of

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the four horsemen of destructive conflict styles.

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A person who buys a piece of new furniture, finds it damaged, and says nothing because he doesn't want to confront the retailer, is engaging in the personal conflict style of

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avoiding.

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When people deliver subtle aggressive messages involving feelings of resentment, anger, or rage that they aren't able or willing to express directly, they are engaging in what psychologist George Bach calls

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crazymaking.

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Conflict rituals are

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unacknowledged but repeating patterns of dealing with conflict.

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