COMMUNICATION STUDIES – Flashcards

question
According to Chapter One, all of the following are attributes needed to communicate successfully with people from different cultures except
answer
friendliness
question
Psychologist Abraham Maslow suggests that the most basic human needs
answer
must be satisfied before we concern ourselves with other ones.
question
All of the following elements are included in the transactional communication model introduced in Chapter One except
answer
sender.
question
All of the following are involved in learning to perform communication skills effectively except
answer
prowess.
question
The environments that communicators occupy are
answer
fields of experience that affect how they understand others' behavior.
question
"Decoding" is the process whereby
answer
we make sense out of the messages sent by others.
question
Strategies you can use to develop a more mindful and competent style of intercultural communication include
answer
All these contribute to a more mindful and competent style of communication.
question
Almost all messages have
answer
both content and relational dimensions.
question
Which of the following factors might contribute to different environments?
answer
All of these contribute
question
Research has shown that competent communicators achieve effectiveness by
answer
adjusting their behaviors to the person and situation.
question
Which of the following is an inaccurate description of communication?
answer
Meanings are in words.
question
Noise in the communication process is
answer
any force that interferes with effective communication.
question
Some of the characteristics that make relationships more interpersonal than impersonal are
answer
uniqueness, irreplaceability, and interdependence.
question
Effective communicators have been found to
answer
have a wide range of behaviors from which to choose.
question
When you pay attention to your behavior in relationships, you are
answer
self-monitoring.
question
Identity and communication are related in that we
answer
gain an idea of who we are from the way others communicate with us.
question
Which is an example of "psychological noise" as defined in your text?
answer
feeling embarrassed about a mistake you made
question
Which of the following is a channel for communication?
answer
TOUCHING WRITING TALKING GESTURING
question
Getting others to behave in ways that we want is considered what type of goal ?
answer
instrumental
question
The ability to construct a variety of different frameworks for viewing an issue is termed
answer
cognitive complexity.
question
Research described in your text about mediated communication suggests that
answer
all of these options are supported by research.
question
Self-fulfilling prophecies are
answer
positive or negative predictions of our behavior, imposed by others and/or ourselves.
question
Which of the following is not an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?
answer
All of these qualify as examples of self-fulfilling prophecies.
question
All of the following are true of the self-concept except that
answer
it is objective.
question
The term "self-concept" refers to
answer
the total of an individual's beliefs about his/her physical characteristics, intelligence, aptitudes, and social skills.
question
A "significant other" is best defined as
answer
a person who has affected one's self-concept.
question
According to your text, "ego-boosters and busters" are
answer
people or words that influence the self-concept positively or negatively.
question
People who are high self-monitors
answer
are much more aware of their impression management behavior than others.
question
The relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself is called your
answer
self-concept.
question
People who have low self-esteem
answer
expect to be rejected by others.
question
People who have high self-esteem
answer
expect to be accepted by others.
question
The kind of person you believe yourself to be is called the
answer
perceived self.
question
"Reference groups" are
answer
groups against which a person compares him/herself.
question
The tendency to seek and attend to information that conforms to an existing self-concept has been labeled
answer
cognitive conservatism.
question
The characteristic ways you think and behave across a variety of situations describes your
answer
personality.
question
When Joe hangs his framed medical degrees on his office wall he is managing his identity through
answer
setting.
question
To say that identity management is collaborative means that
answer
each person creates an identity in response to the other's behavior.
question
The process whereby the self-concept develops due to the way we believe others see us is called
answer
reflected appraisal.
question
People try to manage their identities in order to
answer
GET OTHERS TO DO SOMETHING THEY WANT SAVE ANOTHERS FACE INITIMATE A RELATIONSHIP
question
Popular TV shows featuring makeovers suggest to us that our appearance must be improved, which can lead us to feel worse about ourselves. This idea best relates to:
answer
social comparison
question
Which of these statements is not accurate, according to the text?
answer
Perception is not influenced by neurological or biological differences.
question
Which perceptual tendency is illustrated in the following example? Leah was trying to be helpful when she told Eric he should wear pants that make him look less fat. However, when Eric told Leah she should lay off the makeup because it makes her look "old," she perceived his comment as hurtful and mean.
answer
We judge ourselves more charitably than others.gain insight into another's viewpoint.
question
The story in your text about six men from Indostan illustrates
answer
different interpretations depending on point of view.
question
A perception check includes
answer
two possible interpretations of the behavior. a description of the behavior you have noticed. a request for clarification about how to interpret the behavior correctly.
question
What's missing from this perception check? "When you didn't do the grocery shopping today like you usually do, I figured you weren't feeling good or were mad at me."
answer
It doesn't request clarification.
question
What's missing from this perception check? "I figure you're either upset with me or worried about your test. Is it something like that?"
answer
It doesn't describe behavior.
question
What's missing from this perception check? "When you didn't call me when you said you would, I thought you might have forgotten or were mad at me. What happened?"
answer
Nothing is missing from this perception check.
question
All of the following perceptual factors influence the way we interpret behavior except which one?
answer
androgynous style
question
Talk is viewed as desirable and useful for both task and social purposes in
answer
Western culture.
question
armando made a poor first impression on Bianca as he first arrived, so throughout their evening date, despite his pleasant behavior, Bianca continued to see him in an unfavorable light due to
answer
the halo effect.
question
Being able to pick out your sister's comments from a babble of voices at a party illustrates the organizational principle of
answer
figure-ground organization.
question
Exaggerated beliefs associated with a perceptual categorizing system are
answer
stereotypes.
question
Phong is in the market for a new car and hopes to buy a Toyota Scion. It seems everywhere he goes lately he sees a Scion on the road. What does this exemplify in the process of selecting stimuli?
answer
motives
question
When Shilo meets Ted at a party and asks what he does for a living. This is an example of classifying people by
answer
social role.
question
The process whereby people influence each other's perceptions and attempt to achieve a shared perspective is called
answer
negotiation.
question
While on vacation with her family in Germany, Abigail criticized how Germans drove on the Autobahn compared to American freeway driving. According to the text, Abigail's attitude is considered
answer
ethnocentrism.
question
When Kasheem got caught speeding, Amy said he should have been more careful; later when Amy got caught speeding, she denied she was driving too fast. This is an example of what tendency in perception?
answer
The self-serving bias.
question
Which of the following is most likely to account for your tendency to overlook the faults of your new romantic partner?
answer
relational roles
question
According to your text, introverts are shy and usually don't like people.
answer
False
question
Children may have difficulty interpreting their father's emotions because fathers tend to mask their expressions more than mothers do.
answer
True
question
Writing out your feelings will not have the same benefit as expressing them verbally.
answer
false
question
Roxanne's mood was affected by the excellent service she received at the coffee shop. This is best explained by the concept of
answer
emotional contagion
question
The "amygdala" refers to
answer
the threat alarm system in the brain.
question
Social scientists generally agree that there are four components to the phenomena we label as "feelings." They are
answer
physiological changes, nonverbal reactions, cognitive interpretations, and verbal expression.
question
According to your text, one reason people don't express feelings is
answer
they lack awareness of their emotions.
question
Research described in this chapter found that when subjects were coached to move their facial muscles in ways that appeared afraid, angry, disgusted, amused, sad, etc., the subjects responded
answer
as if they themselves were having these feelings.
question
Many of our debilitative feelings come from
answer
our emotional memory. our genetic make-up. the beliefs we hold about events.
question
Which of the following is true of debilitative feelings?
answer
They keep you from functioning effectively They often last a long time. They are a product of your beliefs. They are intense.
question
People who subscribe to the fallacy of perfection believe
answer
a worthwhile communicator should be able to handle any situation with complete confidence and skill.
question
Which of the following is an example of falling for the fallacy of causation?
answer
"People at parties make me nervous."
question
Which of the following does the text offer as a guideline for expressing emotions?
answer
Share multiple feelings when appropriate.
question
You never listen to me!" is an example of subscribing to the fallacy of
answer
overgeneralization.
question
Which of the following is the best advice for expressing your emotions?
answer
Accept responsibility for your own feelings.
question
Two things that distinguish facilitative feelings from debilitative ones are
answer
intensity and duration.
question
Subscribing to the fallacy of catastrophic expectations can lead to
answer
self-fulfilling prophecies.
question
"I feel like quitting school" is an example of
answer
an emotionally counterfeit statement.
question
__________ is the term described in the text as the process of managing and sometimes suppressing emotions.
answer
Emotion labor
question
How is emotional intelligence defined in the text?
answer
the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and be sensitive to others' feelings
question
When a speaker uses powerful speech pattern he/she
answer
may undermine relational goals to accomplish short term goals
question
"We" language
answer
may accomplish the goals of "I" language and sound less egotistical. should be avoided when expressing personal feelings and thoughts can signal closeness and cohesiveness with others can offend another person in some circumstances
question
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is the best known declaration of
answer
linguistic relativism
question
In a low-context language culture, you will notice
answer
self-expression valued.
question
When we study semantic rules, we learn that
answer
understanding occurs as a result of users agreeing on the same meanings for words.
question
In cultures that stress formality in language
answer
language use defines social position
question
Equivocal words
answer
have more than one commonly accepted definition h
question
Which of the following is a way to avoid the abstraction in the statement "I've got to be a better student"?
answer
"I'm going to spend two hours a day studying."
question
The Star Wars character, Yoda, is following a different set of __________ rules when he says things like "the dark side are they."
answer
syntactic
question
To avoid fact-inference confusion, the authors advise you to use the skill of
answer
perception checking
question
Which if the following is not true of deception detection?
answer
We underestimate our abilities to detect others' lies.
question
Studies of nonverbal communication across cultures reveal that
answer
smiles and laughter are a universal signal of positive emotion
question
Studies of nonverbal posture behaviors have found that
answer
tension and relaxation of muscles can indicate status differences.
question
All of the following statements are true except which one?
answer
Nonverbal messages of the face and eyes are the easiest to read
question
When our nonverbal behavior is unintentional
answer
others recognize it and make interpretations based on it
question
When Kenji nods his head up and down rather than saying "Yes," he is using a nonverbal behavior known as a(n)
answer
emblem.
question
Nodding, looking away, or moving toward the door are nonverbal behaviors that illustrate the nonverbal function of
answer
regulating.
question
Ernesto's boss perceives him to be untrustworthy because he waits a week to reply to an important email. This behavior falls into the nonverbal category of
answer
chronemics.
question
Gina looked annoyed when she walked into the classroom and saw Megan sitting in the chair she usually sits in. The nonverbal communication Gina is demonstrating is
answer
territoriality
question
We spend more time listening than in any other type of communication.
answer
True
question
Speaking is an active process; listening is a passive activity.
answer
False
question
Because prompting involves using silences, it is not classified as a listening response.
answer
false
question
Accurate analysis of a problem may arouse defensiveness.
answer
true
question
A paraphrase that contains both thoughts and feelings can be a useful tool to help others because it allows the problem holder to unload concerns.
answer
true
question
Whereas hearing is a physiological process, attending is a psychological one.
answer
true
question
Listening is easier to do than speaking.
answer
false
question
Rapid thought is a factor in why we don't listen better because we can understand speech faster than the other person speaks.
answer
true
question
When considering what listening response style to choose, the best choice will always be your personal style.
answer
false
question
All of the following are ineffective listening styles mentioned in the text except
answer
signal listening
question
The process of using questioning and paraphrasing messages is a type of
answer
perception checking.
question
All of the following are reasons why it is difficult to listen all the time except which one?
answer
We comprehend words at a slower rate than people speak them.
question
According to your text, advice is
answer
actually unhelpful at least as often as it is helpful.
question
Imagine you've been listening for some time to a friend talk about whether or not to drop out of school. Which is the best helping paraphrase response?
answer
"You're confused because there are as many reasons to stay as there are to leave, right?"
question
When you try to reflect the underlying theme in a statement, you are engaging in
answer
paraphrasing.
question
Constructive criticism is a kind of listening response that falls into the category termed
answer
judging.
question
The residual message is
answer
the part of the message we remember.
question
When you give careful and thoughtful attention and responses to the messages you receive you are listening
answer
mindfully.
question
The theory that describes the different ways we listen (mindfully or mindlessly) is called __________.
answer
dual-process theory
question
Which of the strategies for managing dialectical tensions are most effective, according to research?
answer
balance recalibaration reaffirmation
question
In Chapter Eight's "Looking At Diversity" reading, Kevin Schomaker talks about how communicating on the Internet makes it easier to meet people since he
answer
is physically disabled
question
According to Knapp's model of interaction stages, symbolic public gestures that show the world that a relationship exists usually occur in which stage in interpersonal relationships?
answer
bonding
question
Social exchange theory suggests that we often seek out people who can give us
answer
rewards greater than or equal to the costs we encounter in dealing with them
question
Talking the most, interrupting the other person, and changing the topic most often are all common indicators of
answer
conversation control
question
"I was feeling trapped" is communication that characterizes what dialectical tension?
answer
connection autonomy
question
Saying to your partner, "I wish you didn't use that tone of voice with me" is an example of
answer
metacommunication.
question
Judith and Natalie work for the same employer and often have lunch together to talk about their current romances, problems with their families, and apartment headaches. Most Saturday afternoons they play tennis together. Which relationship stage do they seem to be in?
answer
intensifying
question
A research study found that college students use the following relational maintenance strategies most in email.
answer
openess and social networks
question
Social psychologist Roy Baumeister makes the case that, on average, most people want ___________ close, important relationships in their lives at any given time
answer
four to six
question
The text states that romantic partners who fear rejection and abandonment are likely to act in ways that increase the odds of their fears coming to pass. This example best relates to which concept from Chapter Two?
answer
self-fulfilling prophecy
question
Envisioning our family members represented in a mobile, with photos of each member suspended by a thread and connected to bars containing images of other members, may help us better understand the idea that
answer
families are systems
question
When Marlina and Zach fight, they blow things out of proportion, interrupt each other, and yell. Their conflict style is most likely
answer
volatile
question
Members of an individualistic culture like the United States
answer
act more familiar with strangers and disclose more personal information
question
Some studies show that computer-mediated communication
answer
enhances verbal, emotional, and social intimacy in interpersonal relationships.
question
mid and Micayla have an agreement that he will call to tell her when he will be late from work so she won't worry. When he forgets, Micayla is upset because of what type of transgression?
answer
relational
question
All of the following are major indicators of a committed romantic relationship except for
answer
trying not to over communicate
question
Messages shaping the communication climate of a relationship can be both verbal and nonverbal.
answer
true
question
Perception makes little difference in determining whether a message is disconfirming.
answer
false
question
When coping with criticism, it isn't a good idea to ask what else is wrong because it just brings up too much material to handle at one time.
answer
false
question
Behavior that fits into Gibb's category of "strategy" attempts to manipulate the other into doing what you want.
answer
true
question
What Gibb describes as "spontaneity" means saying the first thing that comes into your mind.
answer
false
question
A supportive climate usually results from the expression of empathy.
answer
true
question
When you decide to acknowledge an accurate criticism, an apology is also necessary.
answer
false
question
"Rankism" best relates to which of these behaviors?
answer
superiority
question
Cassie felt ignored because Jaime kept playing on his phone during their lunch together. This example best illustrates which type of disconfirming message?
answer
impervious
question
The elements of an assertive message are
answer
behavior, interpretation, feeling, consequence, and intention.
question
Evaluative language is also described as
answer
"you" language.
question
Destructive fights often start because the initiator confronts a partner who isn't ready for a confrontation
answer
true
question
Research has shown that strong marriages manage conflict in constructive ways.
answer
true
question
Which of the following is not an example of workplace bullying?
answer
assertive language
question
Stonewalling sends a(n) __________ message to the other person.
answer
disconfirming
question
Researcher John Gottman has been able to predict with over 90 percent accuracy whether a marriage will end in divorce by looking for evidence of
answer
the four horsemen of destructive conflict styles.
question
A person who buys a piece of new furniture, finds it damaged, and says nothing because he doesn't want to confront the retailer, is engaging in the personal conflict style of
answer
avoiding.
question
When people deliver subtle aggressive messages involving feelings of resentment, anger, or rage that they aren't able or willing to express directly, they are engaging in what psychologist George Bach calls
answer
crazymaking.
question
Conflict rituals are
answer
unacknowledged but repeating patterns of dealing with conflict.
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Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
According to Chapter One, all of the following are attributes needed to communicate successfully with people from different cultures except
answer
friendliness
question
Psychologist Abraham Maslow suggests that the most basic human needs
answer
must be satisfied before we concern ourselves with other ones.
question
All of the following elements are included in the transactional communication model introduced in Chapter One except
answer
sender.
question
All of the following are involved in learning to perform communication skills effectively except
answer
prowess.
question
The environments that communicators occupy are
answer
fields of experience that affect how they understand others' behavior.
question
"Decoding" is the process whereby
answer
we make sense out of the messages sent by others.
question
Strategies you can use to develop a more mindful and competent style of intercultural communication include
answer
All these contribute to a more mindful and competent style of communication.
question
Almost all messages have
answer
both content and relational dimensions.
question
Which of the following factors might contribute to different environments?
answer
All of these contribute
question
Research has shown that competent communicators achieve effectiveness by
answer
adjusting their behaviors to the person and situation.
question
Which of the following is an inaccurate description of communication?
answer
Meanings are in words.
question
Noise in the communication process is
answer
any force that interferes with effective communication.
question
Some of the characteristics that make relationships more interpersonal than impersonal are
answer
uniqueness, irreplaceability, and interdependence.
question
Effective communicators have been found to
answer
have a wide range of behaviors from which to choose.
question
When you pay attention to your behavior in relationships, you are
answer
self-monitoring.
question
Identity and communication are related in that we
answer
gain an idea of who we are from the way others communicate with us.
question
Which is an example of "psychological noise" as defined in your text?
answer
feeling embarrassed about a mistake you made
question
Which of the following is a channel for communication?
answer
TOUCHING WRITING TALKING GESTURING
question
Getting others to behave in ways that we want is considered what type of goal ?
answer
instrumental
question
The ability to construct a variety of different frameworks for viewing an issue is termed
answer
cognitive complexity.
question
Research described in your text about mediated communication suggests that
answer
all of these options are supported by research.
question
Self-fulfilling prophecies are
answer
positive or negative predictions of our behavior, imposed by others and/or ourselves.
question
Which of the following is not an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?
answer
All of these qualify as examples of self-fulfilling prophecies.
question
All of the following are true of the self-concept except that
answer
it is objective.
question
The term "self-concept" refers to
answer
the total of an individual's beliefs about his/her physical characteristics, intelligence, aptitudes, and social skills.
question
A "significant other" is best defined as
answer
a person who has affected one's self-concept.
question
According to your text, "ego-boosters and busters" are
answer
people or words that influence the self-concept positively or negatively.
question
People who are high self-monitors
answer
are much more aware of their impression management behavior than others.
question
The relatively stable set of perceptions you hold of yourself is called your
answer
self-concept.
question
People who have low self-esteem
answer
expect to be rejected by others.
question
People who have high self-esteem
answer
expect to be accepted by others.
question
The kind of person you believe yourself to be is called the
answer
perceived self.
question
"Reference groups" are
answer
groups against which a person compares him/herself.
question
The tendency to seek and attend to information that conforms to an existing self-concept has been labeled
answer
cognitive conservatism.
question
The characteristic ways you think and behave across a variety of situations describes your
answer
personality.
question
When Joe hangs his framed medical degrees on his office wall he is managing his identity through
answer
setting.
question
To say that identity management is collaborative means that
answer
each person creates an identity in response to the other's behavior.
question
The process whereby the self-concept develops due to the way we believe others see us is called
answer
reflected appraisal.
question
People try to manage their identities in order to
answer
GET OTHERS TO DO SOMETHING THEY WANT SAVE ANOTHERS FACE INITIMATE A RELATIONSHIP
question
Popular TV shows featuring makeovers suggest to us that our appearance must be improved, which can lead us to feel worse about ourselves. This idea best relates to:
answer
social comparison
question
Which of these statements is not accurate, according to the text?
answer
Perception is not influenced by neurological or biological differences.
question
Which perceptual tendency is illustrated in the following example? Leah was trying to be helpful when she told Eric he should wear pants that make him look less fat. However, when Eric told Leah she should lay off the makeup because it makes her look "old," she perceived his comment as hurtful and mean.
answer
We judge ourselves more charitably than others.gain insight into another's viewpoint.
question
The story in your text about six men from Indostan illustrates
answer
different interpretations depending on point of view.
question
A perception check includes
answer
two possible interpretations of the behavior. a description of the behavior you have noticed. a request for clarification about how to interpret the behavior correctly.
question
What's missing from this perception check? "When you didn't do the grocery shopping today like you usually do, I figured you weren't feeling good or were mad at me."
answer
It doesn't request clarification.
question
What's missing from this perception check? "I figure you're either upset with me or worried about your test. Is it something like that?"
answer
It doesn't describe behavior.
question
What's missing from this perception check? "When you didn't call me when you said you would, I thought you might have forgotten or were mad at me. What happened?"
answer
Nothing is missing from this perception check.
question
All of the following perceptual factors influence the way we interpret behavior except which one?
answer
androgynous style
question
Talk is viewed as desirable and useful for both task and social purposes in
answer
Western culture.
question
armando made a poor first impression on Bianca as he first arrived, so throughout their evening date, despite his pleasant behavior, Bianca continued to see him in an unfavorable light due to
answer
the halo effect.
question
Being able to pick out your sister's comments from a babble of voices at a party illustrates the organizational principle of
answer
figure-ground organization.
question
Exaggerated beliefs associated with a perceptual categorizing system are
answer
stereotypes.
question
Phong is in the market for a new car and hopes to buy a Toyota Scion. It seems everywhere he goes lately he sees a Scion on the road. What does this exemplify in the process of selecting stimuli?
answer
motives
question
When Shilo meets Ted at a party and asks what he does for a living. This is an example of classifying people by
answer
social role.
question
The process whereby people influence each other's perceptions and attempt to achieve a shared perspective is called
answer
negotiation.
question
While on vacation with her family in Germany, Abigail criticized how Germans drove on the Autobahn compared to American freeway driving. According to the text, Abigail's attitude is considered
answer
ethnocentrism.
question
When Kasheem got caught speeding, Amy said he should have been more careful; later when Amy got caught speeding, she denied she was driving too fast. This is an example of what tendency in perception?
answer
The self-serving bias.
question
Which of the following is most likely to account for your tendency to overlook the faults of your new romantic partner?
answer
relational roles
question
According to your text, introverts are shy and usually don't like people.
answer
False
question
Children may have difficulty interpreting their father's emotions because fathers tend to mask their expressions more than mothers do.
answer
True
question
Writing out your feelings will not have the same benefit as expressing them verbally.
answer
false
question
Roxanne's mood was affected by the excellent service she received at the coffee shop. This is best explained by the concept of
answer
emotional contagion
question
The "amygdala" refers to
answer
the threat alarm system in the brain.
question
Social scientists generally agree that there are four components to the phenomena we label as "feelings." They are
answer
physiological changes, nonverbal reactions, cognitive interpretations, and verbal expression.
question
According to your text, one reason people don't express feelings is
answer
they lack awareness of their emotions.
question
Research described in this chapter found that when subjects were coached to move their facial muscles in ways that appeared afraid, angry, disgusted, amused, sad, etc., the subjects responded
answer
as if they themselves were having these feelings.
question
Many of our debilitative feelings come from
answer
our emotional memory. our genetic make-up. the beliefs we hold about events.
question
Which of the following is true of debilitative feelings?
answer
They keep you from functioning effectively They often last a long time. They are a product of your beliefs. They are intense.
question
People who subscribe to the fallacy of perfection believe
answer
a worthwhile communicator should be able to handle any situation with complete confidence and skill.
question
Which of the following is an example of falling for the fallacy of causation?
answer
"People at parties make me nervous."
question
Which of the following does the text offer as a guideline for expressing emotions?
answer
Share multiple feelings when appropriate.
question
You never listen to me!" is an example of subscribing to the fallacy of
answer
overgeneralization.
question
Which of the following is the best advice for expressing your emotions?
answer
Accept responsibility for your own feelings.
question
Two things that distinguish facilitative feelings from debilitative ones are
answer
intensity and duration.
question
Subscribing to the fallacy of catastrophic expectations can lead to
answer
self-fulfilling prophecies.
question
"I feel like quitting school" is an example of
answer
an emotionally counterfeit statement.
question
__________ is the term described in the text as the process of managing and sometimes suppressing emotions.
answer
Emotion labor
question
How is emotional intelligence defined in the text?
answer
the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and be sensitive to others' feelings
question
When a speaker uses powerful speech pattern he/she
answer
may undermine relational goals to accomplish short term goals
question
"We" language
answer
may accomplish the goals of "I" language and sound less egotistical. should be avoided when expressing personal feelings and thoughts can signal closeness and cohesiveness with others can offend another person in some circumstances
question
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is the best known declaration of
answer
linguistic relativism
question
In a low-context language culture, you will notice
answer
self-expression valued.
question
When we study semantic rules, we learn that
answer
understanding occurs as a result of users agreeing on the same meanings for words.
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In cultures that stress formality in language
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language use defines social position
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Equivocal words
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have more than one commonly accepted definition h
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Which of the following is a way to avoid the abstraction in the statement "I've got to be a better student"?
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"I'm going to spend two hours a day studying."
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The Star Wars character, Yoda, is following a different set of __________ rules when he says things like "the dark side are they."
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syntactic
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To avoid fact-inference confusion, the authors advise you to use the skill of
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perception checking
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Which if the following is not true of deception detection?
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We underestimate our abilities to detect others' lies.
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Studies of nonverbal communication across cultures reveal that
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smiles and laughter are a universal signal of positive emotion
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Studies of nonverbal posture behaviors have found that
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tension and relaxation of muscles can indicate status differences.
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All of the following statements are true except which one?
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Nonverbal messages of the face and eyes are the easiest to read
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When our nonverbal behavior is unintentional
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others recognize it and make interpretations based on it
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When Kenji nods his head up and down rather than saying "Yes," he is using a nonverbal behavior known as a(n)
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emblem.
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Nodding, looking away, or moving toward the door are nonverbal behaviors that illustrate the nonverbal function of
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regulating.
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Ernesto's boss perceives him to be untrustworthy because he waits a week to reply to an important email. This behavior falls into the nonverbal category of
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chronemics.
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Gina looked annoyed when she walked into the classroom and saw Megan sitting in the chair she usually sits in. The nonverbal communication Gina is demonstrating is
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territoriality
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We spend more time listening than in any other type of communication.
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True
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Speaking is an active process; listening is a passive activity.
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False
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Because prompting involves using silences, it is not classified as a listening response.
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false
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Accurate analysis of a problem may arouse defensiveness.
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true
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A paraphrase that contains both thoughts and feelings can be a useful tool to help others because it allows the problem holder to unload concerns.
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true
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Whereas hearing is a physiological process, attending is a psychological one.
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true
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Listening is easier to do than speaking.
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false
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Rapid thought is a factor in why we don't listen better because we can understand speech faster than the other person speaks.
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true
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When considering what listening response style to choose, the best choice will always be your personal style.
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false
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All of the following are ineffective listening styles mentioned in the text except
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signal listening
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The process of using questioning and paraphrasing messages is a type of
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perception checking.
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All of the following are reasons why it is difficult to listen all the time except which one?
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We comprehend words at a slower rate than people speak them.
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According to your text, advice is
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actually unhelpful at least as often as it is helpful.
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Imagine you've been listening for some time to a friend talk about whether or not to drop out of school. Which is the best helping paraphrase response?
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"You're confused because there are as many reasons to stay as there are to leave, right?"
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When you try to reflect the underlying theme in a statement, you are engaging in
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paraphrasing.
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Constructive criticism is a kind of listening response that falls into the category termed
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judging.
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The residual message is
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the part of the message we remember.
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When you give careful and thoughtful attention and responses to the messages you receive you are listening
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mindfully.
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The theory that describes the different ways we listen (mindfully or mindlessly) is called __________.
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dual-process theory
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Which of the strategies for managing dialectical tensions are most effective, according to research?
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balance recalibaration reaffirmation
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In Chapter Eight's "Looking At Diversity" reading, Kevin Schomaker talks about how communicating on the Internet makes it easier to meet people since he
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is physically disabled
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According to Knapp's model of interaction stages, symbolic public gestures that show the world that a relationship exists usually occur in which stage in interpersonal relationships?
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bonding
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Social exchange theory suggests that we often seek out people who can give us
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rewards greater than or equal to the costs we encounter in dealing with them
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Talking the most, interrupting the other person, and changing the topic most often are all common indicators of
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conversation control
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"I was feeling trapped" is communication that characterizes what dialectical tension?
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connection autonomy
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Saying to your partner, "I wish you didn't use that tone of voice with me" is an example of
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metacommunication.
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Judith and Natalie work for the same employer and often have lunch together to talk about their current romances, problems with their families, and apartment headaches. Most Saturday afternoons they play tennis together. Which relationship stage do they seem to be in?
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intensifying
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A research study found that college students use the following relational maintenance strategies most in email.
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openess and social networks
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Social psychologist Roy Baumeister makes the case that, on average, most people want ___________ close, important relationships in their lives at any given time
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four to six
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The text states that romantic partners who fear rejection and abandonment are likely to act in ways that increase the odds of their fears coming to pass. This example best relates to which concept from Chapter Two?
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self-fulfilling prophecy
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Envisioning our family members represented in a mobile, with photos of each member suspended by a thread and connected to bars containing images of other members, may help us better understand the idea that
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families are systems
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When Marlina and Zach fight, they blow things out of proportion, interrupt each other, and yell. Their conflict style is most likely
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volatile
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Members of an individualistic culture like the United States
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act more familiar with strangers and disclose more personal information
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Some studies show that computer-mediated communication
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enhances verbal, emotional, and social intimacy in interpersonal relationships.
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mid and Micayla have an agreement that he will call to tell her when he will be late from work so she won't worry. When he forgets, Micayla is upset because of what type of transgression?
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relational
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All of the following are major indicators of a committed romantic relationship except for
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trying not to over communicate
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Messages shaping the communication climate of a relationship can be both verbal and nonverbal.
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true
question
Perception makes little difference in determining whether a message is disconfirming.
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false
question
When coping with criticism, it isn't a good idea to ask what else is wrong because it just brings up too much material to handle at one time.
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false
question
Behavior that fits into Gibb's category of "strategy" attempts to manipulate the other into doing what you want.
answer
true
question
What Gibb describes as "spontaneity" means saying the first thing that comes into your mind.
answer
false
question
A supportive climate usually results from the expression of empathy.
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true
question
When you decide to acknowledge an accurate criticism, an apology is also necessary.
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false
question
"Rankism" best relates to which of these behaviors?
answer
superiority
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Cassie felt ignored because Jaime kept playing on his phone during their lunch together. This example best illustrates which type of disconfirming message?
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impervious
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The elements of an assertive message are
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behavior, interpretation, feeling, consequence, and intention.
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Evaluative language is also described as
answer
"you" language.
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Destructive fights often start because the initiator confronts a partner who isn't ready for a confrontation
answer
true
question
Research has shown that strong marriages manage conflict in constructive ways.
answer
true
question
Which of the following is not an example of workplace bullying?
answer
assertive language
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Stonewalling sends a(n) __________ message to the other person.
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disconfirming
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Researcher John Gottman has been able to predict with over 90 percent accuracy whether a marriage will end in divorce by looking for evidence of
answer
the four horsemen of destructive conflict styles.
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A person who buys a piece of new furniture, finds it damaged, and says nothing because he doesn't want to confront the retailer, is engaging in the personal conflict style of
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avoiding.
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When people deliver subtle aggressive messages involving feelings of resentment, anger, or rage that they aren't able or willing to express directly, they are engaging in what psychologist George Bach calls
answer
crazymaking.
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Conflict rituals are
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unacknowledged but repeating patterns of dealing with conflict.
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