Comm Quest Two – Flashcards
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The process of developing closer, intimate relationships with people by mutual self-disclosure
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Social Penetration Theory
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Objective
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What is the approach of SPT?
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Socio-psychological
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What tradition does SPT fall under?
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Cause-and-effect. We assume that if we share this information with people, we will get them to disclose information as well, which is not always the case
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What is the link for SPT? Why is this link a problem?
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How communication is used to reduce uncertainties in initial interactions
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory
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Initial interactions are full of ambiguity --> we don't like uncertainty so we want to reduce it --> we use com to increase predictability
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What is the process of URT (the 3-part link)?
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Liking and Info-Seeking
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What axiom presents a problem for URT?
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Relational development through CMC and based on IP impressions
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Social Information Processing Theory
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SIP - CMC (Computer-meditated COM), SIP - Like drinking one sip at a time, it takes longer to get to know someone. GULP - FTF (Face-To-Face), like chugging an entire drink in seconds; you get to know someone quickly FTF
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What is SIP vs GULP?
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Social Info -> Impression Formation -> Relationship Development
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What is the SIP link?
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A theory about how people make decisions about revealing and concealing private information
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Communication Privacy Management Theory
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Relational development
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Theories that view relationships as linear focus on:
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A self-evident truth that requires no additional proof
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Axiom
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People are motivated to reduce uncertainty in initial interactions
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The basic premise of Uncertainty Reduction Theory is that:
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It equates self-disclosure with closeness
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Social Penetration has been criticized because:
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Extraordinary closeness
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The hyperpersonal perspective was added to the Social Information Processing Theory to explain:
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Boundary linkages
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According to Communication Privacy Management Theory's boundary coordination, the question, "who else gets to know," is covered by which of the following processes?
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Establish effective boundaries through mutually established privacy rules
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The best advice Sandra Petronio, theorist of Communication Privacy Management Theory, can provide to people revealing private information is to:
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Stability/change
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Which of the contradictions from the Relational Dialectics Theory is connected to the Uncertainty Reduction Theory?
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Expression/Non-expression
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Ron and Karen have been married for nine months. Karen has kept a diary for most of her life, which she keeps private, but Ron feels like she is trying to hide something. Which dialectic is this couple struggling to manage?
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Communication Privacy Management Theory
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Which of the Relational Theories prescribes to the Cybernetics Tradition?
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Socio-psychological
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The vocabulary term social penetration indicates that self-disclosure (cause) leads to relationship development (effect). This suggests that Social Penetration Theory is part of the _________________ tradition.
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Breadth; depth
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There are two dimensions of self-disclosure. ________________ refers to the range of disclosure topics, while _________________ refers to the degree of intimacy of disclosures.
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Simplistic
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According to the theory critique in the textbook, theorist Sandra Petronio has a problem with Social Penetration Theory because she believes saying that self-disclosure equates to closeness is:
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Increasing predictability
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory is part of the objective approach. This is because theory focuses on uncertainty reduction or:
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Increased knowledge of what kind of person another is, which allows one to forecast how a future interaction will turn out
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What is uncertainty reduction?
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Perception-checking
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Which of the following eight truths (axioms) about uncertainty is not used in Uncertainty Reduction Theory?
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Social Information -> Impression Formation -> Relationship Development
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Social Information Processing is part of the objective approach. This is because theory focuses on the following cause and effect link:
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Socio-psychological
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The theorist, Joe Walther, gives advice about how to successfully develop relationships online and; therefore, Social Information Processing Theory would fit within the ________________ tradition.
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All five standards are met
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Which of the following statements is true about the Social Information Processing (SIP) Theory critique?
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Socio-cultural
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Because the Communication Privacy Management focuses on individuals creating and maintaining shared boundaries for private information through communication, it is likely to be classified in the __________________ tradition.
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Aesthetic appeal
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Which of the following standards is not met by Communication Privacy Management Theory?
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Co-owners of private information need to negotiate mutually agreeable privacy rules about telling others
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According to the textbook critique of Communication Privacy Management Theory, which principle causes a problem?
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Phenomenological
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Because the Relational Dialectics Theory focuses on understanding the tensions of relationships through dialogue, it is likely to be classified in the ___________________ tradition.
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Within a relationship; Between couple and their community
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An internal dialectic focuses on tensions ____________________ while an external dialectic focuses on tensions __________________.
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Sensitizing
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According to the critique section of the textbook, the Relational Dialectics theorist, Leslie Baxter believes it is a _________________ theory because it should be judged on the basis of its ability to help us see close relationships in a new light.
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The theory of developing a deeper and more intimate relationship wit someone by self-disclosing or through other forms of expressing vulnerability
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Social Penetration
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The theory that the personality should be revealed in forms of layers. The surface is something everyone can see with the eye (i.e. appearance). Beneath the surface are things that are only shared with certain people (i.e. being religious and having opinions about "sensitive" topics). The most inner layer is the most vulnerable. This is where your values self-concept and deep emotions lie that you may never share with anyone
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Personality Structure
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Practice Matching Terms on Study Guide
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Practice Matching Terms on Study Guide
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being "transparent"
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Self-disclosure
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the degree of intimacy or disclosure in a specific area of an individual's life
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Depth of penetration
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Exchange them sooner and more frequently than private information
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What should we do with "peripheral" items?
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Reciprocal
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What should self-disclosure be, especially in the early stages of a relationship?
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You are sharing mostly surface-area information. Many people make the mistake of disclosing too much too fast which causes relationships to die out quicker.
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Why is penetration rapid in the beginning of a relationship?
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A gradual process of layer-by-layer withdrawal. Depentration willl occur if I begin to start shutting people out in areas where I once let them in.
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Depenetration
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A paced and orderly process in which openness in one person leads to openness in te other; "You tell me your dreams, I'll tell you mine."
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Law of Reciprocity
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The range of areas in an indivudual's life over which disclosure takes place. This is when you are very open about certain details in your life, but not something as deep as your father's alcoholism
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Breadth of Penetration
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when your behavior in a relationship is regulated by both parties' evaluations of perceived rewards and costs of interaction with each other
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Social Exchange
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the perceived rewards minus the costs or interpersonal interaction. This is wat you expect wat will hapen before you even interact with that person
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Outcome
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People seek to maximize their benefits but minimize their costs AKA their efforts
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Minimax Principle of Human Behavior
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The threshold above which an interpersonal outcome seems attractive; a standard for relational satisfaction. For example, if I always had dinner w/ Ash on Tuesdays and she decided to cancel, I'd be sad. But I'd be hella happy if she took me to Popeyes instead
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Comparison Level
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Sticking with something just because it's the best option. For example, sticking with an abusive partner because in that moment, that feels better than being completely alone
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Comparison Levels of Alternatives
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The belief that we should all live as selfishly as possible and maximize our own pleasure and minimize our own pain
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Ethical Egoism
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When we feel like there's an imbalance of intimacy and privacy in the relationship and there is tension between withdrawal and disclosure
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Dialectical Model
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Feeling the need to claim a physical location or object as our own
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Territorality
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Always feeling the need to predict and explain why people do and act the way they do
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Attribution Theory
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Having better knowledge on a person's personality will help you predict future interactions
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Uncertainty Reduction
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A self-evident truth that requires no aditional proof
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Axiom
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Forming an impression by observing a person interacting wit people
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Passive Strategy
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Forming an impression by asking another person about the person
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Active Strategy
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Forming an impression by interacting wit them face to face
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Interactive Strategy
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Being creepy & FB stalking to find out about a person
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Extractive Strategy
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A characteristic of a message plan based on the level of detail it provides and the number of contengencies it over
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Plan Complexity
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Being strategic and funny to get your group out of a bad situation, such as a failed goal
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Hedging
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When we say something and someone doesn't get it, our first thing is to say it louder in hopes that they will suddenly grasp the information better
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Hierarchy hypothesis
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Doubts about our own thoughts, the thoughts of the oter person , or the future of the relationship
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Relational Uncertainty
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Occurs when a relational partner gets in the way of your goals, plans, and activities or vice versa
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Partner interference
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Negative emotions tat arise when you are perceiving problems in te relationship
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Relational turbulence
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Thinking of future benefits and costs of interaction just based on very limited experience wit the other person
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Predicted outcome value
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Computer-Mediated Communication, someting such as text-based messages whic filter out nonverbal cues
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CMC
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Suggests that CMC deprives users of te sense tat an actual person other than yourself is involved in the interaction (false perception of the other)
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Social Presence Theory
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shows that you can't get that same feeling that you would FTF when you speak CMC because CMC is too narrow to convey rich relational messages, but it is OK for everyday use
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Media richness theory
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Interpretation of CMC tat regards lack of nonverbal cues as a fatal flaw for using te medium for relationship development (CMC makes you feel more self-absorbed and less chill), youre walking on egg shells when communicating online
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Cues filtered out
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Using multiple media to maintain a relationship such as having to talk WAY more online than you would FTF just to achieve the same amount of closeness
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Multimodal
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A way of extending psychological time; talking way more online to get that same closeness as you would FTF
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Anticipated future interaction
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How people perceive, use, and respond to issues of time in our interaction with others
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Chroemics
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theory that people are closer in CMC than IRL
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Hyperpersonal Perspective
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your online ego or your online image that you can falsely portray
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Selective self-presentation
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both parties can use the online communication channel nonsimutaneously-at different times. This is more relaxed.
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Asynchronous Channel
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if i expect something from someone and it comes true either indirectly or directly just because that is what i was originally anticipating (this can be good or bad)
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Self-fulfilling prophecy
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in the presence of anonymity, a person may misinterpret information about his/herself
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Warranting value
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Highlights the tension, struggle, and general messiness of close personal ties
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Relational dialectics
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Ongoing tensions played out within a relationship
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Internal Dialectics
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Ongoing tensions between a couple and their community
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External Dialectics
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A class of relational dialectics that includes connection-autonomy, inclusion, seclusion, and intimacy-independence
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Integration-separation
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A class of relational dialectics that includes certainty-uncertainty, conventionality-uniqueness, predictability-surprise, and routine-novelty
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Stability-change
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A class of relational dialectics that includes openness-closedness, revelation-concealment, candor-secrecy, and transparency-privacy
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Expression-nonexpression
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Communication that is constitutive, always in flux, capable of achieving aesthetic moments
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Dialogue
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Communication that creates, sustains, and alters relationships and the social world; social construction
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Constitutive dialogue
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A metaphor to show how people think of the borders between private and public information
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Privacy boundaries
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The content of potential disclosures; information that can be owed
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Private information
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A theory that assumes that we can understand why people act the way they do given the rules that they follow to manage their lives
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Rule-based theory
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When a number of people are in charge of holding responsibility for private information
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Collective privacy boundary
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Perhaps a couple agrees not to share certain information because they mutually agreed that it should be held as personal information
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Mutual privacy boundary
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Co-owners having to take responsibility if information starts to spill because it was their decision to tell the private information
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Boundary ownership
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A confidant that holds the information private based on the original owner of the information's own set of rules
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Shareholder
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Someone that sought out to seek the private information, (deliberately)
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Deliberate confidant
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Someone who co-owns information although they did not want to ever get involved or seek for it
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Reluctant confidant
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An alliance formed by 2+ people to find out who should be allowed to ever find out about the information
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Boundary linkage
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Refers to the degree that privacy boundaries aren't 100% secure
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Boundary permeability
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Disruptions in the way that co-owners control and regulate the flow of private info to third parties. There is turbulence when skeptical-ism arises once other people start to find out
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Boundary turbulence
