comm ch 9 – Flashcard

- full-sentence preparation - shorter speaking outline

- speech draft

- formal contracts that help organize the elements of a speech through the use of consistent symbolization - these symbols refer to main points and subpoints

- contains main points indicated by roman numerals

- contains subpoints indicated by capital letter

- contains sub-subpoints indicated by arabic numerals

- Subordination - Coordination - Division

- the organization of a hierarchy of ideas where the most general appear first, followed by subsequently more specific areas

- all information on the same level has the same significance - symbols allow for coordination (roman numerals)

- in order to divide a point you need to end up with two or more items - "Every A needs a B, every 1 needs a 2"

- first outline you construct - detailed outlines that use full sentences next to symbols in an effort to help you organize the speech - the online you create after gathering and organizing information for your speech

- General purpose statement - Specific purpose statement - Thesis

- a brief statement representing what you aim to do with the speech - 3 types: to inform, to persuade, to celebrate - identifying is the key to success as it stands as a broad foundation of your speech and can help you stay focused on your goals

- Aim of speech is to provide audience with information or deliver an informative speech - may have side effect of persuading audience but that is not the purpose - ex: sales leader giving a report on sales revenue

- Aim is to move the audience to do something, believe something, or act in a particular way - may have side effect of informing audience but that is not the purpose

- Aim is to praise - You seek to enhance or create an emotional connection between the audience and the subject of your speech - usually purpose of epideictic speeches

- a narrower version of the general purpose statement that identifies what you will talk about, what you will say about it, and what you hope the audience takes away from the speech - 3 components: beginning phrase, verb, identify speech topic

- identify specific goal - should be either "after my speech the audience will" or "my specific purpose is to inform the audience" - helps make the specific purpose statement a declarative sentence identifying your goal

- to capture what you hope to achieve - in informative speech: "learn" "understand" - persuasive speech: "believe" "feel" "do" - celebratory speech: "remember" "celebrate"

- include specific topic and what you will say about it (the main points) EXAMPLES - informative: My specific purpose is to TELL the audience what breast cancer is, what causes it, and what treatments are available. - persuasive: After my speech, the audience will know what Jimmy Choo shoes are, where they can be purchased, and why they should BUY them. - celebratory: After my speech, the audience will know that today is Labor Day, what Labor Day represents, and why it is important to CELEBRATE.

- language choice

- thesis statement

- the verbalized foundation of your entire speech in a single sentence which presents your topic, main points, and goal to the audience in an explicit and understandable way - reformulates the specific purpose statement for an audience's ears, sounds more spoken than written - no speech can actually say "after my speech the audience will" and so the thesis has to reword the SPS - more detailed than SPS EXAMPLES - informative: --SPS: My specific purpose statement is to tell the audience what breast cancer is, what causes it, and what treatments are available. --Thesis: Today, I will talk to you about what breast cancer is, what causes it, and what treatments are available. - persuasive: --SPS: After my speech, the audience will know what Jimmy Choo shoes are, where they can be purchased, and why they should buy them. --Thesis: Today I want to argue that you should purchase Jimmy Choo shoes because of their unique qualities, cost, and availability - celebratory: -- SPS: After my speech, the audience will know that today is Labor Day, what Labor Day represents, and why it is important to celebrate. -- Thesis: Today is Labor Day, a holiday originally established to recognize the importance of the American labor force, but now an important holiday because it gives us reasons to celebrate the end of summer!

- intro - body - conclusion

- Get audience's attention - State thesis - Establish credibility - Preview main body - Transition to the body

- connective statements that signal you are finished with one point and moving on to another - when moving from intro to body, the transition should connect to the first main point in body - example: "With these ideas in mind, let's look at my first main point"

- includes main points and subpoints - transitions between points - use of internal previews and internal summaries - outlines can help determine the number of main points - most bodies have 2-4 main points due to (1) time and (2) focus

- strong evidence

- at the start of a main point to let listener know what to listen for - not needed at every point - especially effective when upcoming topic has difficult terminology - example: "Next I am going to tell you why carbon dioxide is the silent killer"

- come at the end of a main point - serve to recap points that were just made - work best following an important or complicated point - should be used to highlight central components - not needed at every point

- Transitions - Internal previews - Internal summaries

- essential to making sure your audience understands the important concepts of your speech - 3 main elements: Signpost, restate thesis & summarize main points, and clincher

- indication you are about to wrap up the speech

- Strong statement a speaker uses in the conclusion

- Drafts tend to be free-flowing and less structured, allowing for possibility of losing focus and going off on tangents in the middle of the speech - We write differently than we speak

- manuscript

- the speaking outline

- a truncated form of your full-sentence preparation outline that does not include complete sentences - to help you delivery your speech more naturally and conversationally - same format as full-sentence outline (keep roman numerals and symbols) - can contain delivery cues and directions like a physical motion or visual aid

- speaking does not include full sentences unless you are using a direct quotation - speaking includes short hand versions of the sentences - speaking does not include in-text citations, general and specific purpose statements

- clincher

- the process of shortening words or eliminating word cluster in the transcription process - Cicero's slave used shorthand in recording his speeches

- bold key terms - write out quotes for accuracy - do not have cluttered or congested text - make main points easily recognizable - if using notecards, number them

- do not visually display hierarchy - danger of tangents - list of items with no clear connections

- you deliver the presentation