Combo with World history chapter 15 test Eddy and 1 other – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
encomienda system
answer
system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills.
question
peons
answer
workers forced to labor for a landlord in order to pay off debt
question
encomiendas
answer
rights to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans
question
viceroy
answer
a governor or ruler exercising authority on behalf of a sovereign in a province or colony
question
Bartolome las Casas
answer
Spaniard who fought for Native American rights against encomienda system
question
peninsulares
answer
People living in the New World Spanish colonies but born in Spain. highest positions
question
mestizos
answer
The Mestizos were the race of people created when the Spanish intermarried with the surviving Indians in Mexico.
question
mulattoes
answer
In colonial Latin America, Spanish/African who were denied basic political, economic, and social rights due to their mixed heritage.
question
privateer
answer
pirates
question
Treaty of Tordesillas
answer
by what treaty did Portugal claim its empire ?
question
king set up the council of Indies to pass laws for the colonies appointed viceroys
answer
How did the spain rule its Empire in Americas
question
creole
answer
person in Spain's colonies in the Americas who was an American-born descendent of Spanish settlers
question
converting native americans to christianity
answer
What was as important to Spain as important as gaining land
question
european clothing, carpentry, Spanish language,locksmith
answer
what else missionaries introduce
question
silver and gold, sugar cane
answer
what was most valuable resource shipped to Spain from the Americas
question
encomienda system
answer
system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills
question
ate food from Americas, traveled in Indian Style canoes Europeans taught their religion and introduced animals especially horses Africans contributed with their farming methods, cooking styles and crops africans in cuba and haiti blended African and Christian beliefs
answer
how did the blending of diverse traditions change peoples lives in the Americas?
question
to educate priests
answer
Why did the Church build universities in the Americas
question
convents
answer
women who wanted an education went to _____
question
Juana Ines de la Cruz
answer
who was one of the greatest women poets to rite poetry in Spanish language?
question
European wealth and power
answer
Broad avenues and public monuments symbolized_______ in the towns and cities
question
conquistador
answer
a Spanish conqueror of the Americas seized the Native Americans gold
question
immunity
answer
resistance
question
seized their gold ornaments made them pan for gold made them convert to Christianityguns and cannons were superior brought disease helped them take control because Europeans brought over disease that Native Americans had no immunity to
answer
how did the Spanish conquistadors treat the Tainos
question
Herman Cortes
answer
He was a Spanish explorer who conquered the Native American civilization of the Aztecs in 1519 in what is now Mexico.
question
Tenochtitlan
answer
Capital city of the Aztec Empire,located where Mexico City stands now
question
Malinche
answer
a young Indian woman who served as a translator and adviser to Hernan Cortes
question
alliances
answer
agreements between countries to support one another against enemies Aztecs and Spanish
question
Moctezuma
answer
Aztec Ruler, mistook Cortes to be god and welcomed him into the empire. Offered him gifts, but was killed nonetheless.
question
Francisco Pizzarro
answer
This Spanish military commander conquered the Inca of South America near modern day Peru.
question
civil war
answer
War fought between two groups of people in the same nation
question
New France
answer
French colony in North America, with a capital in Quebec, founded 1608. New France fell to the British in 1763.
question
revenue
answer
the money a government collects from taxes or other sources
question
Pilgrims
answer
Group of English Protestant dissenters (separatists) who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands.
question
compact
answer
an agreement, or contract, among a group of people
question
Mayflower Compact
answer
A document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government.
question
French and Indian War
answer
this struggle between the British and the French in the colonies of the North America was part of a worldwide war known as the Seven Years' War
question
Treaty of Paris
answer
This ended the long conflict between Britain & France and ended French power in North America (1763)
question
A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa
answer
What was the triangular trade and how did it work
question
Olaudah Equiano
answer
African who was enslaved and brought to North America in 1756. He later wrote a book about the journey from West Africa to the colonies.
question
Middle Passage
answer
middle leg of the triangular trade route that brought captured Africans to the Americas to serve as slaves
question
mutiny
answer
Rebellion against any authority
question
Colonial economies grew and merchant and certain industries thrived.
answer
how did triangular trade affect colonial economies?
question
The war was fought because both the France and England claimed the same valuable land around the Great Lakes and Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.
answer
Why was the French Indian war fought?
question
religious freedom profit gifts from English kings
answer
what reasons were the 13 colonies established
question
by trying to escape, overcoming their captors, or killing themselves
answer
how did enslaved africans resist captivity?
question
Columbian Exchange
answer
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages
question
inflation
answer
a rise in prices and a decrease in the value of money
question
price revolution
answer
Period in European History when inflation rose rapidly
question
1. Because in the 1700s there was a great dispersal of new food crops from the Americas that was distributed from continent to continent.(especially beans, corn, and potatoes.)
answer
why did the global population explode
question
entrepreneurs
answer
a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business
question
mercantilism
answer
an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
question
capitalism
answer
an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit
question
conquistadors
answer
spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain
question
Jaques Cartier
answer
French explorer who discovered the st. lawrence river, and claimed much of present day Canada for France
question
viceroys
answer
Royal governors sent by Spain to rule in the King's name.
question
encomiendas
answer
a system used to force native americans to labor under brutal conditions,
question
Francisco Pizzarro
answer
Spanish explorer who led the conquest of the Inca Empire of Peru in 1531-1533.
question
Why did the population of New France grow slowly?
answer
Because wealthy landowners bought large tracts to farm land-harsh climate so French peasants would not go there
question
entrepreneurs
answer
people who take financial risk to make profits, who start new businesses, introduce new products, and improve management techniques
question
Monctezuma
answer
leader of the Aztecs; believed Cortez was quetzelcoatl (God) killed in battle
question
privateers
answer
pirates who operated with the approval of european governments
question
mercantilism
answer
an economic system (Europe in 18th C)based on a nation exporting more goods than it imports
question
Hernan Cortes
answer
Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
question
middle passage
answer
the route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade
question
capitalism
answer
an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.
question
price revolution
answer
a dramatic rise in prices (inflation). A major problem in europe in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, causes economic collapse in Spain
question
treaty of Tordesillas
answer
a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
question
Why was the colony of Pennsylvania established?
answer
so there could be a colony with the freedom of religion.
question
How were spanish colonies governed?
answer
with the counsel of Indies
question
What was the first permanent colony established in america?
answer
Jamestown
question
How did joint stock companies help european capitalists?
answer
they alowed them people to pool large amonts of capital needed for overseas ventures.
question
How was cortes able to defeat the aztecs?
answer
Spanish had superior weapons,help from other native groups,spread of European disease
question
Why did inflation hit europe?
answer
enormous amount of silver and gold flowing into Europe from America
question
How did spain ensure their colonies would be profitable?
answer
closely controlled trade, colonists could only export raw materials to Spain and could only buy manufactured goods from Spain
question
who formed alliances with conquered people who hated the Aztecs?
answer
Hernan Cortez
question
Francisco Pizarro
answer
The conquistador who added the lands of the present day countries of Peru, Ecuador and Chile to the spanish Empire
question
Peninsulares
answer
At the top of spanish colonial society
question
Treaty of Tordesillas
answer
In 1494 portugal claimed its empire of Brazil
question
Why did the population of New France grow slowly?
answer
Harsh winters kept many French from settling there
question
The english colonies of Masachusetts, Pennsylvannia, and Maryland were mainly set up as?
answer
havens for persecuted religious groups
question
The first leg of the triangular trade route was?
answer
brought European goods to Africa
question
What is an estimate of the number of Africans that probably died in passge to the Americas during the African slave trade?
answer
2 million
question
Widespread inflation struck Europe in the mid-1500's due to ?
answer
increasing amounts of silver and gold form the americas
question
What mercantilist policy was designed to protect local industries form foreign competition?
answer
Tariffs increased the price of imported goods
question
When he encountered the Taino people in the West Indies, Christopher Columbus?
answer
claimed their land for the Spanish king
question
What are creoles?
answer
native born descendants of Spanish settlers
question
What did Spain do to ensure that its colonies would be profitable?
answer
Established strict trade laws for its colonies
question
In 1607 where did the English establish their first permanent colony in the Americas?
answer
Jamestown, Virginia
question
What lands did Britain gain as a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1763?
answer
Canada and all French lands east of the Mississippi river
question
What foods were first introduced to the Americas by Europeans through the columbian exchange?
answer
wheat and grapes
question
How did Spain try to change its American colonies with the New law of the Indies in 1542?
answer
The laws forbade enslavement and abuse of native americans
question
What is true about capitalism?
answer
It encourages private ownership of most businesses
question
Joint stock companies allowed early European capitalists to ?
answer
raise large amounts of capital
question
What did Spanish do in their effort to gain control of the Incas
answer
They captured the Inca ruler Atahualpa
question
The period in European history in the 1500's when rising inflation rose rapidly is known as?
answer
the price revolution
question
Why were the salve ships known as floating coffins
answer
half the Africans died from disease brutal mistreatment *suicide
question
How did Malinche influence the Americas
answer
help Cortes make alliances with groups of natives that were conquered by Aztecs
