Combo with "Swaggy#$" and 1 other – Flashcards
125 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 125question
The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population's
answer
gene pool.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin's observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galápagos Islands?
answer
adaptation
Unlock the answer
question
Natural selection acts directly on
answer
phenotypes.
Unlock the answer
question
The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called
answer
the founder effect.
Unlock the answer
question
When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of
answer
artificial selection.
Unlock the answer
question
The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because it
answer
prevents interbreeding between the populations.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following clades is most likely to survive a series of catastrophic events over time?
answer
A clade with many distantly related and diverse species.
Unlock the answer
question
Fossils of the coelocanth, a primitive fish, date back about 140 million years. Modern coelacanths are virtually identical to their fossil ancestors. This species most likely evolves through the process of
answer
punctuated equilibrium.
Unlock the answer
question
If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase?
answer
whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than other lizards
Unlock the answer
question
Charles Darwin viewed the fossil record as
answer
useful support for his theory.
Unlock the answer
question
When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for
answer
natural variations that are present in a species.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following adaptations is most likely the result of coevolution?
answer
a curved beak in a bird that eats from a single species of flower
Unlock the answer
question
Based on the adaptations Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galápagos, he wondered
answer
if species living on different islands had once been members of the same species.
Unlock the answer
question
Each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT
answer
population size is very large.
Unlock the answer
question
The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on different Galápagos Islands varied in certain structural adaptations. One of the most significant adaptations that Darwin noted was the
answer
birds' different-shaped beaks.
Unlock the answer
question
The Australian flying phalanger is a marsupial flying squirrel. Its appearance, behavior, environment and diet closely resemble those of the American flying squirrel, a placental mammal. This resemblance is most likely due to
answer
convergent evolution.
Unlock the answer
question
Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
answer
fitness
Unlock the answer
question
Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to
answer
surviving in the environments in which they lived.
Unlock the answer
question
In organisms that reproduce sexually, most variation that can be inherited is due to
answer
gene recombination during sexual reproduction.
Unlock the answer
question
Compared to a polygenic trait, a single-gene trait tends to have
answer
fewer phenotypes.
Unlock the answer
question
The fossil record shows
answer
that most organisms that ever lived on Earth are now extinct.
Unlock the answer
question
HEHE
answer
stabilizing selection.
Unlock the answer
question
In the past, mass extinctions encouraged the rapid evolution of surviving species
answer
by making new habitats available to them.
Unlock the answer
question
Sexual reproduction contributes to genetic diversity by allowing
answer
genes from two parents to be mixed and remixed before being passed to offspring.
Unlock the answer
question
Which statement is part of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?
answer
More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.
Unlock the answer
question
One end of Figure 17-1 shows an increase in average beak size for a population of birds. When individuals at only one end of a bell curve of phenotype frequencies have high fitness, the result is
answer
directional selection.
Unlock the answer
question
Which is a major concept included in Lamarck's evolutionary hypothesis?
answer
Body structures can change according to the actions of the organism.
Unlock the answer
question
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the
answer
possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.
Unlock the answer
question
Although they often live in the same habitat, the American toad breeds earlier in the spring than the Fowler's toad does. What can be inferred from this information?
answer
The two species do not interbreed because of temporal isolation.
Unlock the answer
question
The principle of common descent helps explain why
answer
birds and reptiles share a number of inherited characteristics.
Unlock the answer
question
What did Charles Darwin learn from reading the work of James Hutton and Charles Lyell?
answer
Gradual change operating over long periods of time can result in dramatic changes.
Unlock the answer
question
Gradualism is a pattern of evolution in which
answer
a species evolves at a slow, steady pace.
Unlock the answer
question
On the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed
answer
species similar to mainland South American species
Unlock the answer
question
Sexual reproduction among members of a population results in
answer
no changes in the allele frequencies in the gene pool.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following is not an echinoderm?
answer
Sea Anemone
Unlock the answer
question
A collection of sensory neurons and interneurons that are concentrated together is called
answer
cephalization.
Unlock the answer
question
The ability to navigate, hunt, and communicate by electric current in water most likely helps make up for the effect of dark, murky water on which sense?
answer
vision
Unlock the answer
question
A side-to-side movement of the jaws would be most useful in an animal that eats
answer
grass.
Unlock the answer
question
nar002-1.jpg Figure 27-4 In vertebrates with a double-loop circulation as illustrated in Figure 27-4, the loop that passes through the lungs is responsible for
answer
exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen from the air.
Unlock the answer
question
Which group has the most identified species?
answer
invertebrates
Unlock the answer
question
Mantle cavities, tracheal tubes, and book lungs are all types of respiratory structures in
answer
terrestrial invertebrates.
Unlock the answer
question
Your belly button is on your ventral side.
answer
true
Unlock the answer
question
Which animal does not have a complete digestive tract (in one end out the other)?
answer
Platyheilmenthes
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following aquatic animals must use lungs to breathe?
answer
dolphins
Unlock the answer
question
What is an example of a non-vertabrate chordate?
answer
lancelet
Unlock the answer
question
The hydrostatic skeleton is a function of which feature of a cnidarian? (hint used to move)
answer
gastrovascular cavity
Unlock the answer
question
The mammals whose offspring are little more than embryos are
answer
marsupials.
Unlock the answer
question
The muscular organ in birds that grinds seeds into small pieces is called a
answer
gizzard.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the characters from the show Sponge Bob is the least complex?
answer
Bob
Unlock the answer
question
Which trpe of animal has radial symmetry?
answer
echinoderm
Unlock the answer
question
You have actually thought about how and when to study for your finals (IF not make it so then answer this).
answer
true
Unlock the answer
question
Many fishes and snakes move by
answer
contracting muscles in waves down the body, which bends the body to each side.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following represents a neural circuit that would be involved in the response to a stimulus?
answer
sensory cell mc019-9.jpg sensory neuron mc019-10.jpg interneuron mc019-11.jpg motor neuron mc019-12.jpg muscle
Unlock the answer
question
What do you call the cell that has a flagellum in a sponge?
answer
chanocyte
Unlock the answer
question
An animal's immune system must be able to tell the difference between
answer
body cells and pathogens.
Unlock the answer
question
What type of animal has a pseudocoelom?
answer
Nematoda
Unlock the answer
question
What group did animals probably evolve from?
answer
protists
Unlock the answer
question
What is a pharynx?
answer
Feeding tube
Unlock the answer
question
A tendon is a tough piece of connective tissue that
answer
connects muscles to bones.
Unlock the answer
question
One difference between a nymph and a larva is that a nymph
answer
resembles an adult of the same species, but a larva does not.
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following statements describes how a muscle moves an arthropod leg?
answer
A muscle contracts, pulling on a tendon which is attached to the inside of the exoskeleton.
Unlock the answer
question
Of the following choices, the simplest form of nervous system is a
answer
nerve net
Unlock the answer
question
Both oysters and squid are mollusks. Why do you think an open circulatory system is adequate for an oyster but not for a squid?
answer
Oysters do not move around, but squid are very active.
Unlock the answer
question
The compound eyes of insects
answer
detect color and form images.
Unlock the answer
question
Intracellular digestion occurs when food is digested
answer
inside specialized cells.
Unlock the answer
question
You will post your questions on the review wiki on moodle if you have one. Remember this was more than a suggestion.
answer
true
Unlock the answer
question
Study Figure 28-2. The contraction of flexor muscles causes limbs to bend. The contraction of extensor muscles causes limbs to straighten. Based on this information, what is happening to the grasshopper's leg at point A?
answer
The extensor muscle in the femur is contracting and straightening the leg.
Unlock the answer
question
Information in the environment that causes an animal to react is
answer
a stimulus
Unlock the answer
question
Humans have lungs with alveoli. This implies that humans
answer
have a higher metabolic rate than amphibians and reptiles
Unlock the answer
question
A closed circulatory system is one in which
answer
blood travels through a system of blood vessels that extend throughout the body.
Unlock the answer
question
In sponges, internal fertilization occurs when
answer
the sperm is taken in from the surrounding water.
Unlock the answer
question
A cats head is at its anterior end.
answer
true
Unlock the answer
question
Which of the following groups of animals rely on sensory cells rather than sensory tissues and organs?
answer
tunicates
Unlock the answer
question
Study Figure 28-4. Which of the following conclusions about body temperature can be drawn from this graph?
answer
A lizard's body temperature is about the same as the temperature of its environment.
Unlock the answer
question
Which one of these characteristics do all animals share?
answer
multicellular
Unlock the answer
question
What phylum is lacking body symmetry?
answer
Porifera
Unlock the answer
question
Which phylum has jointed apendages, segmented bodies and an exoskeleton?
answer
Arthropoda
Unlock the answer
question
Which system is illustrated in Figure 27-2?
answer
respiratory system
Unlock the answer
question
Which group represents the most numerous and diverse group?
answer
Arthropods
Unlock the answer
question
A parasite is a type of
answer
symbiont
Unlock the answer
question
In stage of life can a sponge swim?
answer
Larva
Unlock the answer
question
What phylum is named after their stinging cells?
answer
Cnidaria
Unlock the answer
question
Genetics
answer
Scientific study of heredity
Unlock the answer
question
Fertilization
answer
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
Unlock the answer
question
Trait
answer
A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.
Unlock the answer
question
Hybrid
answer
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Unlock the answer
question
Gene
answer
a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain
Unlock the answer
question
Allele
answer
An alternative form of a gene.
Unlock the answer
question
Principal of dominance
answer
some alleles are dominant and some are recessive
Unlock the answer
question
Segergation
answer
seperation, as in seperation of one racial group from another
Unlock the answer
question
Gamete
answer
A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
Unlock the answer
question
self-pollination
answer
the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to the stigma of the same flower or to the stigma of another flower on the same plant
Unlock the answer
question
Mendal
answer
father of genetics
Unlock the answer
question
probability
answer
A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
Unlock the answer
question
homozygous
answer
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Unlock the answer
question
heterozygous
answer
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Unlock the answer
question
Phenotype
answer
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
Unlock the answer
question
genotype
answer
An organism's genetic makeup
Unlock the answer
question
independent assortment
answer
Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
Unlock the answer
question
dihybrid cross
answer
A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene
Unlock the answer
question
condon
answer
Mrna
Unlock the answer
question
anticondon
answer
Trna
Unlock the answer
question
Ribosome
answer
A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which make up two subunits.
Unlock the answer
question
cytosine
answer
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
Unlock the answer
question
Adenine
answer
purine base found in DNA and RNA
Unlock the answer
question
Thymine
answer
A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base.
Unlock the answer
question
Uracil
answer
a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine
Unlock the answer
question
Guanine
answer
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Unlock the answer
question
Deletion
answer
Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is removed
Unlock the answer
question
inversion
answer
a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a chromosome is reversed
Unlock the answer
question
Polyploidy
answer
Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
Unlock the answer
question
James Watson
answer
Who discovered the structure of DNA?
Unlock the answer
question
Alfred Hersey
answer
Found that DNA is the Genetic material
Unlock the answer
question
Fredrick Griffith
answer
Proved a process called transformation: genetic material from one cell can be transferred to another cell.
Unlock the answer
question
Oswald Avery
answer
Discovered that the nucleic acid in DNA stores and transmits genetic information from one generation of bacteria to the next.
Unlock the answer
question
Erwin Chargaff
answer
Analyzed the base content of DNA and found that the amount of adenine equaled and amount of thymine and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine.
Unlock the answer
question
DNA
answer
a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix
Unlock the answer
question
Mutation
answer
any event that changes genetic structure
Unlock the answer
question
Hydrogen bonds
answer
Very weak bonds; occurs when a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to the electrostatic atom in another molecule
Unlock the answer
question
transcription
answer
the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
Unlock the answer
question
Translation
answer
the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
Unlock the answer