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42. This has been called "the concept of the 1990s."

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d. Globalization

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43. What were the student protesters who occupied Tiananmen Square in Beijing in June 1989 demanding?

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a. Greater democracy

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44. The Velvet Revolution was

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a. the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe.

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45. By the end of 1991, Soviet attempts at economic reform had created chaos, and the

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b. Soviet Union dissolved, ending the Cold War.

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46. Which African state, which had practiced apartheid for decades, elected anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela president in 1994?

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d. South Africa

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47. Operation Desert Storm

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a. quickly drove the Iraqi army out of Kuwait.

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48. Bill Clinton

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d. all of these (a. secured the Democratic nomination for president because he combined social liberalism with elements of conservatism. b. had an election campaign director who was fond of the saying "It's the economy, stupid" [the American people are most worried about the economy]. c. appointed his wife to head the panel on health-care reform.)

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49. Third-party candidate Ross Perot

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a. received the most votes for a third-party candidate since Theodore Roosevelt.

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50. NAFTA

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c. created a free-trade zone for the United States, Mexico, and Canada.

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51. The "Freedom Revolution" was

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b. the Republican victory at the 1994 congressional elections.

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52. The Contract with America

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c. included the promise to cut government spending and end affirmative action.

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53. How did Pres. Clinton respond to the Republican victory in the 1994 congressional elections?

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c. He campaigned against radical Republicans and moved toward the center.

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54. Concerning the presidency of Bill Clinton, all of the following are true, EXCEPT:

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c. During the Balkan crisis, Pres. Clinton refused to commit troops to the conflict.

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55. Concerning the American economy in the 1990s and the year 2000, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

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c. NAFTA spurred the new economy.

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56. By the start of the 21st century, dot coms symbolized the

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c. negative impact of stock speculation among technology companies.

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57. Countless corporate scandals and stock frauds stemmed directly from the 1999 repeal of which New Deal measure?

answer

a. The Glass-Steagall Act

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58. Antiglobalization protesters made all of the following demands in the "Declaration for Global Democracy," EXCEPT:

answer

c. Globalization should continue along a course set by the United Nations.

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59. By the end of the 1990s, the American economy

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a. was characterized by rising employment rates and declining income for poor and middle-class Americans.

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60. Because of the changes made in immigration laws in 1965, thirty-five years later the immigrant population in the United States

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b. increasingly came from Asia and Latin America.

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61. By the start of the 21st century, the largest minority group in the United States was

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a. Latino.

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62. Increasingly visible during the 1990s, Asian-Americans

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b. were hailed by white Americans as a "model minority."

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63. During the 1990s, African-American civil rights

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b. declined as the legal definition of discrimination was narrowed.

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64. In the 1990s, school segregation

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b. was on the rise.

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65. In the 1990s, the prison population

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b. increased as state governments increased penalties for crimes and decreased parole.

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66. This city witnessed riots and looting in 1992 after tensions snapped over an episode of police officers beating an unarmed African-American man?

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d. Los Angeles

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67. By the year 2000, the AIDS epidemic

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c. was spreading less rapidly among gay Americans.

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68. A visible sign of Native American quasi-sovereignty has been

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b. Casinos

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69. The battles that raged throughout the 1990s over moral values were called

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b. culture wars.

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70. At the end of the 20th century, the Christian Coalition

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c. was a major force in Republican Party politics.

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71. The term "pay gap" refers to

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c. the discrepancies in pay rates for men and women.

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72. Casey v. Planned Parenthood of Pennsylvania

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d. repudiated the centuries-old claim that a husband had a legal claim to control the body of his wife.

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73. By the start of the 21st century, American women

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b. received over 40 percent of the advanced degrees in law, business, and medicine.

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74. The abortion rate declined throughout the 1990s largely because

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c. teenagers had increasing access to contraception.

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75. The 1995 truck bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City was organized by

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c. a far-right private militia group.

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76. In 1998, Congress brought impeachment charges against Pres. Clinton because he

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b. lied about his extramarital affair before the grand jury.

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77. Bush v. Gore ordered

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c. Florida to halt its recount.

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78. The outcome of the 2000 presidential race between George W. Bush and Al Gore was

answer

a. finally decided by the Supreme Court.

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79. By the start of the 21st century, American voter participation rates had

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b. declined even further from previous years.

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80. According to a 2000 public-opinion poll, 69 percent of Americans who responded were most proud of the nation's

answer

c. equal opportunity laws.

question

81. In response to the terrorist attacks on Washington, D.C., and New York City on September 11, 2001, Pres. Bush

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b. declared a war on terrorism.

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82. During his first year in office, George W. Bush

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c. persuaded Congress to enact the largest tax cut in American history.

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83. The Kyoto Protocol of 1997

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b. addressed the issue of global warming, but was rejected by Pres. Bush.

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84. In a September 20, 2001 speech, Pres. Bush announced that "freedom and ____________ are at war."

answer

d. Fear

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85. Operation Enduring Freedom was launched in October 2001

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a. against Afghanistan, because the nation was harboring Osama bin Laden.

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86. What made Bush's 2002 "National Security Strategy" fundamentally different from previous American policy?

answer

d. It advocated the use of preemptive action.

question

87. Pres. Bush characterize the toppling of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan as

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d. only the beginning of the war on terror.

question

88. Concerning the events surrounding U.S. relations with Iraq and its leader in the early 2000s, all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT:

answer

a. In opposition to Colin Powell, Pres. Bush, VP Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, and Paul Wolfowitz all were determined to oust Saddam Hussein from power.

question

89. Who was America's sole ally during the initial phase of the Iraq War?

answer

b. Great Britain

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90. The USA Patriot Act

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b. expanded the rights of law enforcement agencies to conduct secret searches and detain suspected aliens.

question

91. After the September 11 attacks, this person authorized the National Security Agency (NSA) to listen to domestic telephone conversations without a court warrant.

answer

d. Pres. Bush

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92. What did the Justice Department label the captured members of Al Qaeda in order to get around the Geneva Conventions?

answer

b. Unlawful combatants

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93. Who among the cabinet members strongly urged Pres. Bush to ban torture in the war on terror—with certain exceptions provided?

answer

b. Sec. of State Powell

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94. This event took place at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq.

answer

c. Under the supervision of U.S. military personnel, many prisoners were mistreated, humiliated, and tortured.

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95. Which statement is NOT TRUE concerning the economy in the 2000s?

answer

b. The economy was especially strong in the technology sector.

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96. All of the following statements about John Kerry and the 2004 presidential campaign are true, EXCEPT:

answer

b. He was very in touch with the people and embraced by the common man.

question

97. Which state's supreme court ruled that homosexual marriages must receive legal recognition, spurring a moral values debate during the 2004 presidential election?

answer

d. Massachusetts

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98. Surrounding the disaster of Hurricane Katrina, which of the following statements is INACCURATE?

answer

b. The mayor of New Orleans was slow to order an evacuation of the city.

question

99. Which statement is true about the immigration issue?

answer

d. all of these (a. Both legal and illegal immigrants pay taxes and mostly work at jobs that other Americans don't want because of lower wages. b. The House of Representatives passed a bill in 2006 that made it a felony to be in the country illegally and a crime to offer aid to illegal immigrants. c. In reaction to the bill, both legal and illegal immigrants engaged in several popular demonstrations demanding their right to remain in the United States.)

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100. Why is the characterization of the war on terror as a "clash of civilizations"—the West vs. Islam—unhistorical?

answer

c. It denies a long past of cultural exchanges between the two.

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101. Pres. George W. Bush insisted that the war on terror was not

answer

b. a war on Islam.

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102. How did opponents describe the plans for a new Islamic Cultural Center near the World Trade Center in 2010?

answer

b. As a "Trojan Horse"

question

103. In a Supreme Court decision in 2003, the right to use affirmative action in college admissions was

answer

b. reaffirmed.

question

104. In Lawrence v. Texas (2003), the Supreme Court extended the right of freedom to

answer

c. intimate conduct.

question

105. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld ruled that

answer

a. the president had to uphold the Geneva Conventions.

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106. All of the following contributed to the banking crisis of 2008, EXCEPT:

answer

b. The Federal Reserve Bank and other regulatory agencies slowed the speculative frenzy.

question

107. In the midst of the stock market crash of 2008 and the housing crisis, most Americans

answer

a. cut back on spending, leading to business failures and a rapid rise in unemployment.

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108. Why did Goldman Sachs have to pay a fine of half a billion dollars in 2010?

answer

c. It had knowingly sold "toxic" mortgage-based securities and then bet on their failure.

question

109. In 2008 testifying before Congress, Alan Greenspan, the former head of the Federal Reserve Bank,

answer

b. admitted that there had been a "flaw" in his long-held conviction that free markets would produce the best results.

question

110. Banks that the Federal Government labeled as "too big to fail"

answer

a. were interconnected with other institutions, and the government argued that their collapse would drive the economy into a depression.

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111. Why did the number of Americans receiving food stamps rise after 2008?

answer

c. The number of needy Americans skyrocketed with the recession.

question

112. All of the following statements about the 2008 Democratic primaries are true, EXCEPT:

answer

d. Barack Obama was a well-known senator from Illinois when the campaign began.

question

113. Sen. John McCain, the Republican nominee, selected Sarah Palin as his running mate because

answer

b. he sought to draw Democratic women into the Republican Party.

question

114. In the 2008 election, when Barack Obama "redrew the nation's political map," he

answer

d. won in states that had been reliably Republican for years as well as in Democratic strongholds.

question

115. All of the following statements about Pres. Obama's inaugural address are true, EXCEPT:

answer

d. He repeatedly spoke about freedom.

question

116. How did the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico illustrate the downsides of globalization and deregulation?

answer

c. The Korean-built oil rig was operated by a Swiss company under contract with British Petroleum.

question

117. Why did American consumers cut back on borrowing and spending after 2008?

answer

d. The net worth of Americans had shrunk by trillions of dollars in the great recession.

question

118. By 2011, the rate of black unemployment remained ______ that of whites.

answer

c. nearly double

question

119. All of the following statements about Pres. Obama's first year in office are true, EXCEPT:

answer

a. The Obama administration abolished the military tribunals Bush had established.

question

120. Which of the following actions won Pres. Obama wide acclaim in May 2011?

answer

c. He authorized the raid on a Pakistani compound that killed Osama Bin Laden.

question

121. By 2012, American troops or planes were involved in the war on terror in

answer

b. Yemen, Pakistan, Somalia, and Afghanistan.

question

122. Of the claims conservative Tea Party activists put forth in 2010 was one that maintained that Pres. Obama

answer

a. was born in Africa, not the United States.

question

123. During the first term of Pres. Obama, illegal immigration from Mexico

answer

a. ceased almost entirely.

question

124. The Occupy movement

answer

c. introduced to the nation the political term "The 1 percent."

question

125. Which of the following was a liability for Pres. Obama as he entered his reelection campaign of 2012?

answer

c. Unemployment remained high even though the recession was officially over.

question

126. It is evident that for the foreseeable future, the United States will

answer

a. remain a major player in global affairs.

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