Com Final – Flashcard

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throughout the entire process
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As a public speaker, you face ethical issues when
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-the title of the document -the author or organization responsible for the document -the date on which you accessed the document
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To avoid plagiarism when using information from an Internet document in your speech, your textbook recommends that you keep a record of
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Dealing with such matters as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion are all part of what your textbook calls
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critical thinking
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30
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The average adult spends about __________ percent of waking hours in conversation
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evaluating other people and culture's from ones' own standards
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ethnocentric point of view
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adrenaline
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When you experience stage fright, your body is producing extra ___________, a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress
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when they are thirty to sixty seconds into the speech
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Research has shown that the anxiety level of most speakers drops off significantly
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to get the interest and attention of the audience
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According to your textbook, the first thing a speaker needs to do in the introduction of a speech is to
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-double-space or triple-space your notes so they are easy to see -write down key terms and phrases rather than complete sentences -write or print on only one side of the index cards or paper
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According to your textbook, when you prepare speaking notes for your first speech, you should
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-maintain eye contact with the audience -use your voice expressively -avoid distracting mannerisms
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Your textbook recommends that when you deliver your first speech, you should make an effort to
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topical
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For his first speech, Peter is organizing his ideas around three holiday customs that were passed down by his Polish grandparents. According to your textbook, Peter's speech will most likely be organized in __________ order.
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ask family and friends for feedback
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Which of the following does your textbook recommend that you do when rehearsing your first speech
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Global Plagiarism
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takes a speech entirely from one source and passes it off as her or his own
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Yes
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Jerome found several excellent sources for his informative speech. He pulled key information from them, blended those ideas into his own perspective, and cited his sources when he presented the speech. Is Jerome ethical?
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patchwork plagiarism
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strung them together with a few transitions, and mentioned the sources of his information in passing
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Incremental Plagiarism
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failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people
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Avoid prejudging the speaker
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When Susan attended the first discussion section for her math class and heard her instructor begin speaking with an unfamiliar accent, she immediately decided, "I won't learn anything from this teacher." Susan failed to uphold which guideline for ethical listening
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Emil is guilty of incremental plagiarism
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Emil began his research early and found some excellent sources for his informative speech. He cut and pasted passages from several websites into a file in his word processor. When he started putting his speech together, he used some complete sentences from the cut-and-pasted materials, paraphrases from other passages, and several original ideas of his own. Unfortunately, Emil forgot to record his sources in his research notes, so he didn't cite any of the sources in his speech. Which of the following statements best describes Emil's situation?
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Tanya is guilty of global plagiarism
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Tanya went to the beach instead of staying in town and working on her speech. When she realized how soon the speech was due, she asked a friend who had already taken public speaking to loan her an old outline, which she used verbatim for her class speech. Which of the following statements best describes Tanya's actions
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listen attentively, avoid prejudging the speaker, and support free speech
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The three guidelines for ethical listening discussed in your textbook are
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-sufficiency -accuracy -objectivity -relevance
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When listening for a speaker's evidence, you should keep an ear out for its
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critical
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According to your textbook, when you listen to evaluate a speaker's message for purposes of accepting it or rejecting it, what kind of listening is involved?
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comprehensive
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Mary Garcia is listening to her meteorology professor explain how to interpret images from Doppler radar. Because Mary's goal is to understand the information being presented, she is engaged in ____________ listening
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POOR LISTENING
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focusing on a speakers appearance or delivery
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listening
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People spend more time ___________ than in any other communication activity
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topical
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If your specific purpose statement were "to inform my audience about the three major types of pet lizards," you would probably organize your speech in ________ order.
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concept
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"To inform my audience about the different notions of intellectual property in eastern and western cultures" is an example of a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n)
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process
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"To inform my audience how to prepare for a backpacking expedition" is a specific purpose statement for a speech about a(n)
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-Is the information communicated clearly? -Is the information communicated accurately? -Is the information made meaningful and interesting to the audience?
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According to your textbook, the questions listeners ask when judging an informative speech include which of the following?
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object
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"To inform my audience about the major parts of a 35-millimeter camera" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n)
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choosing a speech topic
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According to your textbook, brainstorming is especially helpful when you are having trouble
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inform
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When the general purpose of your speech is to ___________, you act primarily as a teacher or lecturer.
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persuade
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Advocating a position is most appropriate when the general purpose of your speech is to
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formulating the specific purpose
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According to your textbook, what is the most important early step in the process of developing a successful speech?
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contains more than one distinct idea
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"To inform my audience about the basic steps in car maintenance and how to protect their investment with auto insurance" is a poorly phrased specific purpose statement for a classroom speech because it
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it's too broad
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Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement for a classroom speech: "To inform my audience about Christianity."
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it's too general
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Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement for a classroom speech: "To inform my audience about the solar system."
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-written as a complete sentence -expressed as a statement, not a question -devoid of figurative language
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The central idea of a speech should be
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Yes. Chang's specific purpose is not suitable for an informative speech.
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Chang thinks he'd like to give an informative speech for class on what it's like to be an international student on a US college campus. His specific purpose is "To persuade my audience to be more accepting of international students." His central idea is "An international student's accent, use of English, and cultural customs should be accepted rather than criticized." Has Chang made any mistakes in this process?
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Yes. Orawan's central idea is not written as a complete sentence.
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Orawan plans to give an informative speech about her home country of Thailand. Her specific purpose is "To inform my audience about the interaction of ancient traditions and modern technology in Thai society." Her central idea is "Thailand: Customs and Computers." Has Orawan made any mistakes in this process?
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formal
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As the size of your audience increases, your presentation should usually become more
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the occasion for the speech
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Which of the following elements usually has the greatest impact on the length a speech should be?
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knowledge, interest, attitude
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According to your textbook, what are the three primary factors to consider when assessing an audience's disposition toward a speech topic?
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group membership
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Ramona is preparing a persuasive speech on environmental issues to present to members of the National Wildlife Federation. The most important factor Ramona should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its
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physical setting for your speech
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You are giving a speech on a community building project to a local service organization at its monthly luncheon. Dessert dishes are being cleared away as you walk into the overcrowded, overheated room. The most important situational factor to consider when adapting to your audience would probably be the
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disposition toward the speaker
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A landlord with a bad reputation among students for her high rent, deceptive advertising, and refusal to return security deposits is speaking to a campus group about how the city's new zoning law will affect students. The most important factor the landlord should consider in her situational audience analysis is probably her listeners'
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the ethnic background of the audience
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If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience arguing that all children should be required to use standard English in the public schools, the most important factor to consider in audience analysis would probably be
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the audience's knowledge of the topic
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Fran Breit, the golf pro at a local municipal course, has been asked by a social club to give a talk about how to play golf. What is probably the most important factor for Fran to consider in preparing her presentation?
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attitude toward the topic
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Michael is preparing a persuasive speech for class in opposition to gun control. The most important factor for Michael to consider when analyzing his audience is probably its
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age of the audience
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If you were giving an informative speech to a general audience about the war in Vietnam, the most important demographic factor to consider in analyzing your audience would probably be the
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No. Diane risked losing attention by passing out the drawing during the speech.
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During her speech about sailboats, Diane gave each member of her audience a copy of an intricate drawing showing the different parts of a sailboat. Did Diane follow the guidelines for visual aids presented in your textbook?
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a pie graph
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Which of the following would probably be the best kind of visual aid to demonstrate the five major areas of spending in the federal budget?
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convert it to a transparency and show it with an overhead projector
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As your textbook explains, if you plan to use a photograph as a visual aid in a speech, you should
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avoid using the chalkboard to present visual aids
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What does your textbook say you should do when presenting visual aids in a speech?
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graphs
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________ are especially valuable for showing an audience statistical trends and patterns.
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Speakers should look at the audience about 80 to 90 percent of the time they are talking.
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What does your textbook say about eye contact for public speakers who address audiences in the United States?
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-Gestures should be suited to the audience and occasion -Gestures should appear natural and spontaneous.
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What does your textbook advise regarding the use of gestures in a speech?
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vocalized pauses
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Malcolm said "um" or "uh" every time he got to a new PowerPoint slide in his informative speech. His instructor told Malcolm to reduce the number of _________ in his next speech.
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It allows greater spontaneity than does speaking from a manuscript
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Which of the following does your textbook mention as an advantage of extemporaneous delivery?
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sounds conversational even though it has been rehearsed
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Good speech delivery
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introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion
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A red herring fallacy
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-Explain your expertise on the speech topic. -Deliver your speeches fluently and expressively. -Establish common ground with your audience
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Which of the following is recommended in your textbook as a way to enhance your credibility in a persuasive speech?
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competence and character
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According to your textbook, the two most important factors affecting the credibility of a persuasive speaker are
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reasoning from specific instances
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What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? In recent months, newspapers have carried reports of vicious dogs attacking people in Los Angeles, St. Louis, Boston, and Orlando. These reports show that dog attacks are an increasingly serious problem nationwide.
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target
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Emily wanted to convince the technology department at her company to adopt a new database system. Some staff members supported the change, a few were opposed, and most were undecided. Emily realized that the undecided group was her ______________ audience, so she focused above all on persuading them.
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Answer the reasons for the audience's skepticism.
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If you want to persuade a skeptical audience, which of the following is it most important for you to do in your speech?
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value
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"To persuade my audience that preemptive strikes against suspected terrorists is morally justifiable" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of
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a kind of mental dialogue with the audience
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According to your textbook, you should think of your persuasive speech as
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fact, value, and policy
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The three types of questions that give rise to persuasive speeches are questions of
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quantify the speaker's ideas
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The main value of using statistics in a speech is to
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use visual aids when presenting statistics
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According to your textbook, a good way to clarify statistical trends is to
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give the gist of someone's statement in your own words
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To paraphrase is to
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it doesn't round off statistics
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How does the following excerpt from a classroom speech violate the guidelines for supporting materials presented in your textbook? According to a CNN / USA Today poll taken last month, 57.63 percent of those surveyed support legislation to ban the cloning of human beings.
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extended examples
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Using _________ is the best way to pull listeners into your speeches.
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recency
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According to your textbook, the three criteria for judging the reliability of research documents located on the Internet are authorship, sponsorship, and
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biographical aid
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As part of the research for his informative speech, Malik needs brief life and career facts about United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. The best kind of library reference source for him to consult would be a(n)
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virtual library
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The search engine that makes it easy to find high-quality web resources by combining Internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data is known as a(n)
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abstract
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A(n) ________ is a summary of a magazine or research article, written by someone other than the original author.
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MLA and APA
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The two major formats mentioned in your textbook for citing works in a speech bibliography are from the
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The speech should avoid creating discomfort for the main speaker.
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What does it mean to say that a speech of introduction should be "adapted to the main speaker"?
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Bring the speech to life by using a hypothetical example
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All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for a speech of introduction except
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a daughters eulogy for her father
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Which of the following is an example of a commemorative speech?
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summarizing the president's major accomplishments at the university
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A speaker introducing the president of a university to an audience of prospective students and their families will best accomplish this goal by
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build enthusiasm for the main speaker
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According to your textbook, when giving a speech of introduction you should
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a speech honoring Jack Nicholson for his lifetime achievements
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If you attended the Academy Awards and heard the following speeches, which one would be an example of a commemorative speech?
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tell why the recipient is receiving her or his award
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When giving a speech of presentation, you should usually
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a governor's remarks at the graduation ceremony
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Which of the following speeches that you might hear on a college campus would be an example of a commemorative speech?
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a speech of presentation
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When Peter Englund delivered a speech at the Stockholm Concert Hall explaining why Alice Munro was receiving the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, what kind of speech did Englund deliver?
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create a welcoming climate for the main speaker
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One main purpose of a speech of introduction is to
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giving meaning to
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Language helps to shape our sense of reality by __________ events
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terminal
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Audience members were unsure about the credibility of Jim Gilchrist, founder of the Minuteman Project border patrol group, when he came to speak on campus. As he spoke, he built his credibility by using high-quality evidence and relating to the concerns of his audience. After the speech, students agreed they would like to have him visit campus again for a roundtable discussion. According to your textbook, the credibility that Gilchrist produced by the end of his speech is called _________ credibility.
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the literal or dictionary meaning
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The denotative meaning of a word is
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connotative
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As your textbook explains, __________ meaning gives words their emotional power
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arouse an emotional response
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Jerome wants his audience to appreciate the harsh reality of life for migrant workers in the United States. In addition to using strong supporting materials, he decides to use words with connotative meanings because he knows they will help him
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imaginary and rhythm
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To use language vividly, your textbook recommends that speakers employ
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clichés
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Phrases such as "dry as a bone," "clear as a bell," "dark as night," and "smart as a whip" should be avoided in speeches because they are
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metaphor
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"My grandmother is the glue that holds our family together" is an example of
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antithesis
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According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of __________. "The greeting card industry began by creating a line for every occasion; to keep growing, it had to create an occasion for every line."
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alliteration
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"The flickering light of the fire revealed the fearful faces of the campers" is an example of
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all of the above
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When used effectively, repetition in a speech
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-Acquire speaking experience. -Turn negative thoughts into positive ones. -Don't expect perfection
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Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with stage fright?
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visualize yourself giving a successful speech
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Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches?
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ethically
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Because speechmaking is a form of power, we must always be sure to speak
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explain your creditability
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Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethical speechmaking
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-Using visual aids enhances the clarity of the speaker's message -Using visual aids can help combat the speaker's stage fright.
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Which of the following does your textbook mention as an advantage of using visual aids in a public speech
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need, plan, and practicality
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Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. They are
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critical
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Devon is president of the International Student Organization. He is listening to the Dean of Students present her plan for a new multicultural center so he can decide whether or not to support the plan. According to your textbook, Devon is engaged in _________ listening.
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-Be creative in structuring the speech. -Use colorful, descriptive language. -Describe an exciting experience.
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Which of the following does your textbook recommend for developing your first classroom speech
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abstract
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A(n) __________ is a summary of a magazine or research article, written by someone other than the original author
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hypothetical example
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According to your textbook, a(n) __________ is an imaginary story that makes a general point.
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adapting to her audience
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In her speech introduction, Kailyn asked, "Have you ever looked through old family photo albums and laughed at what people were wearing? Like many of you, I've noticed the changes in fashion and feared that my effort to look stylish today may eventually be a source of amusement to my future children." According to your textbook, by attempting to show her listeners why they should care about her topic, Kailyn was
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personalize your ideas
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Examples are especially helpful as supporting materials because they
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