Cognitive Psych Chap 1 Answers – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Cognitive Psychology
answer
an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes
question
Mind
answer
System That creates and controls mental functions such as perceptions, attention, memory, emotions etc.. and creates mental representations of the world.
question
Cognition
answer
the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning
question
Reaction Time
answer
the time that elapses between a stimulus and the response to it
question
Simple reaction Time
answer
reacting to the presence or absence of a single stimulus (as a opposed to having to choose between a number of stimuli before making a response)
question
Choice Reaction Time
answer
Reacting to one of two or more stimuli.
question
Savings Method
answer
method of testing memory retentions by comparing numbers of trials needed to learn material with number of trials needed to relearn material at later time
question
Structuralism
answer
an early school of psychology that attempted to identify the structures of the human mind
question
Analytic Introspection
answer
A technique in which trained participants described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli.
question
Behaviorism
answer
the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
question
Classical Conditioning
answer
conditioning that pairs a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that evokes a reflex
question
Operant Conditioning
answer
conditioning in which an operant response is brought under stimulus control by virtue of presenting reinforcement contingent upon the occurrence of the operant response
question
Cognitive map
answer
a mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it.
question
Information- Processing approach
answer
traces the sequence or mental operations involved in cognition
question
Cognitive revolution
answer
A Shift in psych from the behaviorist approach to an approach in which the main thrust was to explain behavior in terms of the mind.
question
Logic Theorist
answer
computer program devised by Alan Newell and Herbert Simon that was able to solve logic problems
question
Physiological Approaches
answer
Studying the mind by measuring the physiological and behavioral responses and explaining behavior in physiological terms
question
Behavioral Approaches
answer
studying the mind by measuring a person's behavior and explaining this behavior
question
Memory Consolidation
answer
The biological process through which memories are transformed from a transient and fragile status to a more permanent and robust state; according to most researchers, consolidation occurs over the course of several hours.
question
The main point in Donders Experiment
answer
measure the amount of time it takes to make a decision.
question
In Donders' experiment on decision making, when participants were asked to press a button upon presentation of a light, they were engaged in a
answer
simple reaction time task.
question
In Donders' experiment on decision making, when participants were asked to press one button if the light on the left was illuminated and another button if the light on the right was illuminated, they were engaged in a:
answer
choice reaction time task.
question
Reaction time refers to the time between the ________ of a stimulus and a person's response to it.
answer
presentation
question
Which of the following is a criticism of analytic introspection
answer
It produces variable results from person to person.
question
Behaviorists believe that the presentation of ________ increases the frequency of behavior.
answer
positive reinforcers
question
Who developed the concept of the cognitive map?
answer
Tolman
question
A mental conception of the layout of a physical space is known as
answer
a cognitive map
question
Which of the following events is most closely associated with the decline of behaviorism as an approach to psychology?
answer
Skinner's publication of the book, Verbal Behavior
question
Your text describes the occurrence of a "cognitive revolution" during which dramatic changes took place in the way psychology was studied. This so-called "revolution" occurred parallel to (and, in part, because of) the introduction of:
answer
computers.
question
According to your text, the behavioral approach to the study of the mind involves:
answer
measuring the relation between stimuli and behavior.
question
The process during which information is strengthened and transformed into a strong memory that is resistant to interference is known as:
answer
memory consolidation
question
Gais et al.'s research on the impact of sleep on memory consolidation illustrates which type of approach to the study of the operations of the mind?
answer
Physiological
