Cluttering – Flashcards
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Who in 1999 created the "cluttering umbrella"?
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Daly & Burnett
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Who in 1992 and then in 2007 created the lowest common denominator hypothesis to cluttering?
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St. Louis et al.
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In 2011, who created the current lowest common denominator hypothesis to cluttering which took out pieces that are not speech or language related?
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St. Louis & Schulte
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What are the 3 categories under the cluttering umbrella?
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1.) language 2.) motor 3.) speech
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Cluttering is a __________ disorder wherein segments of conversation in the speaker's native language typically are perceived as too __________ overall, too __________, or both.
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Fluency, Fast, Irregular
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In order to be diagnosed as cluttering, a person's speech must be perceived as too fast and must accompany at least 1 of what 3 things?
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1.) excessive normal dysfluencies 2.) excessive collapsing or deletion of syllables 3.) abnormal pauses, syllable stress, or speech rhythm
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Cluttered speech sounds fast to listeners because people who clutter use less __________.
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Pauses
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Cluttering must occur in __________ conversation, but it need not occur even a __________ of the time
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Naturalistic, Majority
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True or False: In order for a cluttering diagnosis to be made, the speaker's syllable rates must be faster than those of normal speakers.
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False - A cluttering diagnosis can be made even if the speaker's syllable rates do not exceed those of normal speakers.
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True or False: Cluttering occurs when a person speaks at a rate that is faster than normal.
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False - People who clutter are not necessarily speaking at a rate that is faster than normal, even though he/she could be. The speaker's rate is faster than their system can handle which results in breakdowns in fluency and/or intelligibility.
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What are 2 synonyms for irregular rate of speech?
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1.) jerky 2.) spurty
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True or False: Jerky and/or spurty speech is typically seen in small numbers in normal speakers and is normally not observed in stuttering.
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True
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syllables become mushed together, especially in multisyllabic words
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Over-coarticulating
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What are 4 synonyms for mushy speech?
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1.) collapsing 2.) excessive shortening 3.) telescoping 4.) over-coarticulating
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People who clutter may not take a breath during speech so this may lead to __________ in strange places.
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Pauses
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What are 4 nonstuttering-like dysfluencies?
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1.) repetitions of multiple syllable words 2.) phrase repetitions 3.) revisions 4.) interjections/fillers
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If interjections/revisions make speech less intelligible, this would be considered __________. This would be determined by how these things impact __________.
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Excessive, Speech
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type of conversation where the client retells a story
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Expository Discourse
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When obtaining a speech sample, get the client to speak for a minimum of __________ minutes. The goal of a speech sample is to get the client to speak effortlessly because thinking may do what to speech?
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5, may slow it down
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When doing a dysfluency analysis, what are 2 types of dysfluencies that need to be analyzed?
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1.) nonstuttering-like dysfluencies 2.) stuttering-like dysfluencies
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True or False: The dysfluencies that clutterers experience are not normally exhibited in stutterers.
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True - Clutterers experience normal dysfluencies not stuttering-like dysfluencies.
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What are 5 stuttering-like dysfluencies?
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1.) single-syllable whole word repetitions (with tension) 2.) sound or syllable/part-word repetitions 3.) prolongations 4.) blocks/tense pauses 5.) broken words
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What are 4 nonstuttering-like dysfluencies?
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1.) multisyllabic whole-word repetitions 2.) phrase repetitions 3.) revisions 4.) interjections/fillers
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Many people who clutter may show no trace of __________ and may feel no struggle at all.
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Stuttering
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When diagnosing cluttering, beware of the need for differential diagnosis because excessive dysfluencies may actually be a result of what 2 things?
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1.) difficulties with expressive language 2.) bilingualism
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When diagnosing cluttering, over-coarticulation may actually be due to what 2 things?
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1.) articulation disorder 2.) motor weakness such as dysarthria
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When diagnosing cluttering, atypical pauses may actually be due to what 2 things?
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1.) avoidance of a moment of stuttering 2.) word-finding
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What is the difference between an articulation disorder and cluttering?
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an articulation disorder will be consistent and cluttering will depend on speech rate
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What are the 4 goals of cluttering therapy?
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1.) foundation 2.) awareness 3.) changing how we say it 4.) self-regulation
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goal of cluttering therapy which is the initial buy-in; shows the client how therapy can improve them in the long-run; clients must be motivated and shown the benefits of therapy b/c many clients may not want to put in the effort to change their speech
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Goal 1: Foundation
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Clutterers must be told that everyone has moments of __________, and if their communication improves, they won't have to continually __________ themselves.
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Dysfluency, Repeat
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goal of cluttering therapy where SLP asks client in what ways may people not understand each other; gets client to realize that everyone has moments of dysfluency
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Goal 2: Awareness
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What is a strategy for clutterers to use to gauge if listeners are following what they're saying?
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clutterers can keep eye contact with their listener/s
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In what goal of cluttering is the eye contact strategy introduced?
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Goal 2: Awareness
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goal of cluttering therapy where pausing, over-emphasizing, and maintaining steady volume is introduced
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Goal 3: Changing How We Say It
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What are 3 strategies that are introduced in Goal 3: Changing How We Say It of cluttering therapy?
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1.) pausing in correct places 2.) over-emphasizing to reduce mushy speech 3.) maintain steady volume
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What is a strategy for SLPs to use when working with a client who has ASD and begins to talk like a robot when you tell him/her to over-emphasize their speech?
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use number lines and flow charts; tell the client that instead of sounding like a robot, go to a 5 on the number line
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strategy where client looks at others' behaviors and provides a solution; after client observes that their listener isn't following them, he/she will make the appropriate changes
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Reactive
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strategy where client deliberately chooses and carries out strategies the whole time he/she is having a conversation
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Proactive
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goal of cluttering therapy where SLP introduces regulation of speed and articulatory precision exercises
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Goal 4: Self-Regulation
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What are 2 exercises that are introduced in Goal 4: Self-Regulation of cluttering therapy?
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1.) fragile rate 2.) tongue twister words
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exercise where client speaks as fast as he/she possibly can
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Fragile Rate
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exercise where client picks the word that he/she thinks is the hardest for them to pronounce, and every time a word that starts with /r/, for example, appears in a passage, the client will say their "word" instead
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Tongue Twister Words
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What is the purpose of the fragile rate exercise?
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gets the client to be aware of when he/she is approaching their fastest rate of speech; allows them to understand when to switch their rates back and forth
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What is the purpose of the tongue twister exercise?
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gets the client to over-articulate and enunciate every sound
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For cluttering therapy, make strategies naturally __________, and in some cases, choose one strategy that causes the greatest amount of __________.
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Reinforcing, Change
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If a client comes to you and has a speech disorder and also clutters, which disorder should you target first, and why?
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Cluttering - cluttering strategies should be mastered before other treatment methods are introduced
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