question

Who in 1964 said that cluttering is a central language imbalance and that speech is disorganized?

answer

Weis

question

In 1987, the __________ for __________ included the lack of awareness to cluttering. It was removed in __________ and was included with stuttering in new revisions.

answer

APA, DSM, 1994

question

In 1992, the __________ included rate, phrasing, and dysfluency in the definition of cluttering.

answer

WHO

question

In 1999, a/an __________ Special Interest Committee associated cluttering with phonological, language, and attention symptoms. By doing this, they gave cluttering a __________ definition.

answer

ASHA, Broader

question

Who in 1999 created the "cluttering umbrella"?

answer

Daly & Burnett

question

Who in 1992 and then in 2007 created the lowest common denominator hypothesis to cluttering?

answer

St. Louis et al.

question

In 2011, who created the current lowest common denominator hypothesis to cluttering which took out pieces that are not speech or language related?

answer

St. Louis & Schulte

question

What are the 3 categories under the cluttering umbrella?

answer

1.) language 2.) motor 3.) speech

question

Cluttering is a __________ disorder wherein segments of conversation in the speaker's native language typically are perceived as too __________ overall, too __________, or both.

answer

Fluency, Fast, Irregular

question

In order to be diagnosed as cluttering, a person's speech must be perceived as too fast and must accompany at least 1 of what 3 things?

answer

1.) excessive normal dysfluencies 2.) excessive collapsing or deletion of syllables 3.) abnormal pauses, syllable stress, or speech rhythm

question

Cluttered speech sounds fast to listeners because people who clutter use less __________.

answer

Pauses

question

Cluttering must occur in __________ conversation, but it need not occur even a __________ of the time

answer

Naturalistic, Majority

question

True or False: In order for a cluttering diagnosis to be made, the speaker's syllable rates must be faster than those of normal speakers.

answer

False - A cluttering diagnosis can be made even if the speaker's syllable rates do not exceed those of normal speakers.

question

True or False: Cluttering occurs when a person speaks at a rate that is faster than normal.

answer

False - People who clutter are not necessarily speaking at a rate that is faster than normal, even though he/she could be. The speaker's rate is faster than their system can handle which results in breakdowns in fluency and/or intelligibility.

question

What are 2 synonyms for irregular rate of speech?

answer

1.) jerky 2.) spurty

question

True or False: Jerky and/or spurty speech is typically seen in small numbers in normal speakers and is normally not observed in stuttering.

answer

True

question

syllables become mushed together, especially in multisyllabic words

answer

Over-coarticulating

question

What are 4 synonyms for mushy speech?

answer

1.) collapsing 2.) excessive shortening 3.) telescoping 4.) over-coarticulating

question

People who clutter may not take a breath during speech so this may lead to __________ in strange places.

answer

Pauses

question

What are 4 nonstuttering-like dysfluencies?

answer

1.) repetitions of multiple syllable words 2.) phrase repetitions 3.) revisions 4.) interjections/fillers

question

If interjections/revisions make speech less intelligible, this would be considered __________. This would be determined by how these things impact __________.

answer

Excessive, Speech

question

type of conversation where the client retells a story

answer

Expository Discourse

question

When obtaining a speech sample, get the client to speak for a minimum of __________ minutes. The goal of a speech sample is to get the client to speak effortlessly because thinking may do what to speech?

answer

5, may slow it down

question

When doing a dysfluency analysis, what are 2 types of dysfluencies that need to be analyzed?

answer

1.) nonstuttering-like dysfluencies 2.) stuttering-like dysfluencies

question

True or False: The dysfluencies that clutterers experience are not normally exhibited in stutterers.

answer

True - Clutterers experience normal dysfluencies not stuttering-like dysfluencies.

question

What are 5 stuttering-like dysfluencies?

answer

1.) single-syllable whole word repetitions (with tension) 2.) sound or syllable/part-word repetitions 3.) prolongations 4.) blocks/tense pauses 5.) broken words

question

What are 4 nonstuttering-like dysfluencies?

answer

1.) multisyllabic whole-word repetitions 2.) phrase repetitions 3.) revisions 4.) interjections/fillers

question

Many people who clutter may show no trace of __________ and may feel no struggle at all.

answer

Stuttering

question

When diagnosing cluttering, beware of the need for differential diagnosis because excessive dysfluencies may actually be a result of what 2 things?

answer

1.) difficulties with expressive language 2.) bilingualism

question

When diagnosing cluttering, over-coarticulation may actually be due to what 2 things?

answer

1.) articulation disorder 2.) motor weakness such as dysarthria

question

When diagnosing cluttering, atypical pauses may actually be due to what 2 things?

answer

1.) avoidance of a moment of stuttering 2.) word-finding

question

What is the difference between an articulation disorder and cluttering?

answer

an articulation disorder will be consistent and cluttering will depend on speech rate

question

What are the 4 goals of cluttering therapy?

answer

1.) foundation 2.) awareness 3.) changing how we say it 4.) self-regulation

question

goal of cluttering therapy which is the initial buy-in; shows the client how therapy can improve them in the long-run; clients must be motivated and shown the benefits of therapy b/c many clients may not want to put in the effort to change their speech

answer

Goal 1: Foundation

question

Clutterers must be told that everyone has moments of __________, and if their communication improves, they won't have to continually __________ themselves.

answer

Dysfluency, Repeat

question

goal of cluttering therapy where SLP asks client in what ways may people not understand each other; gets client to realize that everyone has moments of dysfluency

answer

Goal 2: Awareness

question

What is a strategy for clutterers to use to gauge if listeners are following what they're saying?

answer

clutterers can keep eye contact with their listener/s

question

In what goal of cluttering is the eye contact strategy introduced?

answer

Goal 2: Awareness

question

goal of cluttering therapy where pausing, over-emphasizing, and maintaining steady volume is introduced

answer

Goal 3: Changing How We Say It

question

What are 3 strategies that are introduced in Goal 3: Changing How We Say It of cluttering therapy?

answer

1.) pausing in correct places 2.) over-emphasizing to reduce mushy speech 3.) maintain steady volume

question

What is a strategy for SLPs to use when working with a client who has ASD and begins to talk like a robot when you tell him/her to over-emphasize their speech?

answer

use number lines and flow charts; tell the client that instead of sounding like a robot, go to a 5 on the number line

question

strategy where client looks at others' behaviors and provides a solution; after client observes that their listener isn't following them, he/she will make the appropriate changes

answer

Reactive

question

strategy where client deliberately chooses and carries out strategies the whole time he/she is having a conversation

answer

Proactive

question

goal of cluttering therapy where SLP introduces regulation of speed and articulatory precision exercises

answer

Goal 4: Self-Regulation

question

What are 2 exercises that are introduced in Goal 4: Self-Regulation of cluttering therapy?

answer

1.) fragile rate 2.) tongue twister words

question

exercise where client speaks as fast as he/she possibly can

answer

Fragile Rate

question

exercise where client picks the word that he/she thinks is the hardest for them to pronounce, and every time a word that starts with /r/, for example, appears in a passage, the client will say their "word" instead

answer

Tongue Twister Words

question

What is the purpose of the fragile rate exercise?

answer

gets the client to be aware of when he/she is approaching their fastest rate of speech; allows them to understand when to switch their rates back and forth

question

What is the purpose of the tongue twister exercise?

answer

gets the client to over-articulate and enunciate every sound

question

For cluttering therapy, make strategies naturally __________, and in some cases, choose one strategy that causes the greatest amount of __________.

answer

Reinforcing, Change

question

If a client comes to you and has a speech disorder and also clutters, which disorder should you target first, and why?

answer

Cluttering - cluttering strategies should be mastered before other treatment methods are introduced

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