question

Treaty of Tordesillas

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Moved the \"line of demarcation\" further west. Ignored by most other European nations.

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Vasco Nunez de Balboa

answer

crossed the isthmus of Panama - First European to see the Pacific Ocean

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Juan Ponce de Leon

answer

explored Florida in search of gold and the fountain of youth. Claimed Florida for Spain

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New Spain

answer

autocratic empire to benefit the parent country. utilized slavery and imported african slaves

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John Cabot

answer

Italian explorer for England - searched for the Northwest Passage

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Giovannia da Verrazano

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Italian explorer for France

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Jacques Cartier

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claimed area of the St Lawrence River - Montreal - for france, also searched for the NW Passage

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Huguenots

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French Protestants came to New World to escape catholic french persecution. were massacred by the spaniards.

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Francis Drake

answer

English captain, sailed around the world. Funded by Queen Elizabeth

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The Impeachment Process

answer

Per Article 1 - House initiates impeachment & acts as grand jury. Next, the Senate with the chief justice presiding begins a trial for guilt or innocence of the president.

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the Dutch Colony of New Netherland

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hostile relations with indians because of exploitation of fur trade (main source of wealth). Ethically diverse which led to internal struggling.

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Spanish colonization of new world was characterized by:

answer

exploitation of indians, establishing african slavery, introduction of the horse to america, and the creation of large agriculture plantations

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Puritans

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sought to create perfect religions utopia. Came to the new world to escape persecution. Were not pacifists, did not approve of the pilgrims, or catholics.

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King Philips War

answer

Wampanoag Indians organized by King Philip to destroy New England settlements, Puritans counterattacked and won - ended indian resistance to white settlement

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A series of wars between England and France for control of North America

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King Williams War, Queen Anne's War, King George's War and the Seven Years War - French were defeated

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James Otis

answer

earned his fame for the Writs of Assistance.

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John C Calhoun

answer

leader in the states right movement

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Henry Clay & Daniel Webster

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supporters of the union - against secession

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The Compromise of 1850

answer

California admitted free; stricter fugitive slave law; slave trade forbid in D.C.; New Mexico admitted by popular sovereignty

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The Missouri Compromise

answer

Engineered by Henry Clay To balance the number of \"slave states\" and \"free states,\" Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. Prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30'

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The Battle of Saratoga

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America victory that prompted the French to form an alliance against england.

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Maryland

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purchased by Catholic Lord Baltimore to be a refuge for persecuted Catholics

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Mercantilism

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Export more than import. Encouraged Americans to provide raw materials to England and purchase manufactured goods. Americans were to engage in exclusive trade with England.

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Virginia

answer

founded as a joint stock colony - became a Royal Colony

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The Jay Treaty

answer

attempted to settle conflict with Britian at sea, and curtail their agitation of indians on western borders. provided for the evacuation of English troops from their posts along the Great Lakes. Was not supported because english refused to stop the impressment of American sailors

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The Election of 1800

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Jefferson & Burr Tied - the house cast votes to decide - Jefferson elected

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The Burr Conspiracy

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Burrs scheme to create a new nation of the Southern Territory of the US

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The Treaty of Ghent

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ended the war of 1812 - restored territory taken during the war

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The Monroe Doctrine

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President James Monroe's 3 principles on foreign police. Pledged that America would remain free of European wars and any future colonization. Established the areas of North & South America as an American sphere of influence. Supported by England to prevent war.

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Dred Scott

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1859 Roger taney's decision on slavery - stated the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

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Andrew Jackson

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7th president, strong term, Vetoed the Second Bank, \"kitchen cabinet\", created the spoils system.

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Nicholas Biddle

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The Second Bank

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The Gadsden Purchase

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purchase of the land south of the Gila river purchased by Jefferson Davis so that the transcontinental railroad could pass through the south

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When it formed in the 1850s, the Republican Party platform included:

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support of national unity and free labor

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The Trent Affair

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1861. Almost provoked hostilities between Union and England during the civil war.

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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

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established Mexican recognition of the acquisition and the souther boundary at the Rio Grande River - ended Mexican War

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The Tariff Act of 1832

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established high import fees for all European goods in an effort to protect Northern industries. It offered no benefit to southern states and raised prices for consumers. Led to the Nullification Crisis.

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The Nullification Crisis

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proved by South Carolina by voting to nullify the tariffs of 1828 and 1832

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Compromise Tariff of 1833

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It was a new tariff proposed by Henry Clay and John Calhoun that gradually lowered the tariff to the level of the tariff of 1816 This compromise avoided civil war and prolonged the union for another 30 years.

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The Rush-Bagot Treaty

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1818 Great Britain and the United states agreed to take military ships from the Great Lakes

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The Treaty of Paris 1763

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Ended the Seven Years War/ The French and Indian War. France gave up its claims in America. Spanish gave up Florida to Britain but gained New Orleans and Lousiana.

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The Prohibitory Act of 1775

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Declared Americans to be no longer under the protection of King George III and amounted to a virtual declaration of war.

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Became president upon Lincoln's assassination

answer

Andrew Johnson

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The Ostend Manifesto

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forced Spain to sell cuba to the US, or the US would seize the island.

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Slave population in south in 1860

answer

4 million

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The Tenure of Office Act

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passed in 1867 to reduce the power of President Andrew Johnson

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The Adams-Onis Treaty

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Spain gave the US both East and West Florida in return for US pmnt of $5 million in claims of american citizens against the spanish

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Alexander Hamilton's \"Report of Public Credit Proposed

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proposed to assume state & confederate debt. 1. pay off all foreign and domestic debts 2. have a National Bank 3. have a protective tariff 4. have an excise tax

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John Winthrop

answer

1629 - He became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony, and served in that capacity from 1630 through 1649. A Puritan with strong religious beliefs. He opposed total democracy, believing the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders. He helped organize the New England Confederation in 1643 and served as its first president.

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Louisburg

answer

key british victory in the french and Indian War

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The Sellout of 1876

answer

Republican Rutherford Hayes tied w/ Democrat Tilden in the college. When fraud claimed, Hayes met w/ southern Representatives and traded their votes for his promise to withdraw Union troops and end Reconstruction.

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The Albany Plan

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Benjamin Franklin's plan for colonial unity in 1754. \"join, or die\" was the slogan.

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The Homestead Act of 1862

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Sponsored by Lincoln - Granted 160 acres of government land to any person who would farm it for at least five years.. The majority of homesteaders failed and returned back East.

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national hero of the US; naval lieutenant; fought against Barbary Pirates

answer

Stephen Decatur

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Governor of Massachusetts whose house was burned by protesters

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Thomas Hutchinson

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Leisler's Rebellion

answer

riot against lordly land holders in NYC

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leader of Jamestown Colony

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Captain John Smith

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met in 1774 to redress colonial grievances

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First Continental Congress

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Land Ordinance of 1785

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A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers. - provided the land in the Old Northwest to be sold in order to pay off the national debt

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America's 1st two political parties

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Democratic-Republicans and Federalists

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Bacon's Rebellion

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frontiersman in VA rioted against Governor Berkley b/c of his lack of protection from Indians on the Frontier

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Sir Walter Raleigh

answer

launched first attempt to colonize New World at Roanoke

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name for the path of the Atlantic slave trade

answer

middle passage

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Northwest Ordinance of 1787

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Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states. Provided support for public education, prohibited slavery, sought fair treatment of Indians and set the precedent of a territory becoming a new state equal with all existing states.

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incident of the late 1790s in which French secret agents demanded a bribe and a loan to France in lieu of negotiating a dispute over the Jay Treaty and other issues

answer

the XYZ affair

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Tariff of Abominations 1828

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Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South. Led to Nullification Crisis

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belief that the Constitution cannot be changed and is what it is

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Strict construction

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3rd President and advocate of states rights

answer

Thomas Jefferson

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The 9th President (1st Whig) died in office of Pneumonia

answer

William Henry Harrison

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The most famous Methodist traveling frontier preacher. He traveled around the country preaching to large groups.

answer

Peter Cartwright

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Royal African company

answer

A trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct its merchants' trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa. - transported slaves

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Tecumseh

answer

A Shawnee chief who, along with his brother, Tenskwatawa, a religious leader known as The Prophet, worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The league of tribes was defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. Tecumseh was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813.

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Embargo Act 1807

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This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade. It was difficult to enforce because it was opposed by merchants and everyone else whose livelihood depended upon international trade. It also hurt the national economy, so it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act.

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Samuel Adams

answer

American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence

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Massachusetts Bay Colony

answer

1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government

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John Peter Zenger Trial 1735

answer

Man was accused of overstepping freedom of speech and press by printing bad things bout the royal governor of NY - found not guilty, sent precedent for freedom of the press - Encouraged editors to be more critical of public officials.

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Baron von Steuben

answer

A stern, Prussian drillmaster that taught American soldiers during the Revolutionary War how to successfully fight the British.

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Indian Removal Act

answer

(1830) a congressional act signed by Andrew Jackson that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River

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Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

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1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty. By allowing slavery above 36°30', it repealed the Missouri Compromise

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Alien & Sedition Acts 1797-1798

answer

President Adams - A series of laws that sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies. Increased residency requirements for citizenship from 5 to 14 years. President was granted broad powers to remove \"undesirable\" aliens and laws were established for large monetary fines and prison sentences for anyone who attached the American government.

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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

answer

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.

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Townshend Acts

answer

passed by Parliament in 1767, placed taxes on imported materials such as glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. Led to outrage and the boycott of British goods.

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Neutrality Proclamation 1793

answer

a 1793 statement by President Washington that the United States would not support or aid either France or Britain in their European conflict

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Father of the Constitution; 4th President

answer

James Madison

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The Pinckney Treaty

answer

- established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

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American System

answer

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.

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2nd President and federalist

answer

John Adams

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Non-Intercourse Act 1809

answer

reopened trade with all nations of the world except france and Br.

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House of Burgesses

answer

1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses.

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Henry Polk

answer

11th president; expansionist; provoked mexican War

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1st National Bank

answer

Created by Alexander Hamilton in 1791 to stimulate Northern Businesses

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Dartmouth v. Woodward

answer

1819--New Hampshire had attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter. The Court (John Marshall) ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution; upholds the sanctity of contracts.

question

Gibbons vs. Ogden

answer

supreme court decision that ruled that the constitution gave control of interstate commerce to the U.S. Congress, not the individual states through which a route passed.

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Martin v. Hunter's Lessee

answer

Established the supremacy of federal courts over state courts (1816)

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Fletcher v. Peck

answer

Supreme Court case which protected property rights and asserted the right to invalidate state laws in conflict with the Constitution. John Adam's \"Midnight Appointments\" was an issue.

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Cohens v Virginia

answer

Supreme Court case which asserted the right of the Supreme Court to review the decision of state supreme courts

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McCulloch vs. Maryland

answer

1819 Court ruled that congress did have authority to charter bank, citing the necessary and proper clause; States couldn't tax government property

question

Marbury vs. Madison

answer

Case in which the supreme court first asserted the power of Judicial review in finding that the congressional statue expanding the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional

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Morrill Tariff Act

answer

1861 This was an act passed by Congress in 1861 to meet the cost of the war. It raised the taxes on shipping from 5 to 10 percent however later needed to increase to meet the demanding cost of the war.

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National Banking Act

answer

1863 - Established system of national charters for banks

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Conscription Act

answer

Enacted in April of 1862, it subjected all white males between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five to military service for three years. It was repealed in 1863.

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Turnpikes

answer

important means of transportation in the 1790s

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Eerie Canal

answer

Completed in 1825. Increased profitableness of farming in the old Northwest, encouraged the emigration of European immigrants and New England farmers to the Northwest, forced many New Englanders to either abandon their farms or to switch to dairy, fruit, & vegetable farming, weakened political alliance between the farmers in the NW and planters in the south.

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Treaty of Paris of 1783

answer

A peace agreement that officially ended the Revolutionary War and established British recognition of the independence of the United States. Boundaries of the US were Canada, Florida, and the Mississippi River.

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The Freeport Doctrine

answer

Stephen Douglas's belief that the issue of slavery in the western territories should be determined by popular sovereignty.

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Manifest Destiny, American Exceptionalism, Social Darwinism

answer

All tied together to the belief that Americans were Gods chosen people, were superior, and therefore would dominate other inferior cultures and peoples. American Imperialism

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The French and Indian War

answer

1754 - 1763. The culmination of a series of wars between France and England. Spain gained control of Louisiana. The myth of British invincibility was shattered. The French were eliminated from the American colonial frontier. The colonists began thinking of themselves as Americans rather than British.

question

The Revolutionary War took place in:

answer

1775 until 1783. The Revolutionary War began with the confrontation between British troops and local militia at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, on April 19, 1775.

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The Judiciary Act of 1789

answer

Provided for a six-judge Supreme Court, 13 district courts, 3 circuit courts and the office of the attorney general. It gave the Supreme Court the power to review state laws that conflicted with federal statuses

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John Brown

answer

Well-known abolitionist. used violence to stop slavery immediately, Harpers Ferry, VA he was tried, convicted of treason and hung.

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The Secret Six

answer

a group of New York millionaires who provided the financial backing for John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859

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Lincoln's Plan of Reconstruction

answer

Former Confederate states could resume their part in the Union after 10% of voters as of 1860 took an oath of allegiance to the US Constitution, also had to agree to abolish slavery, educate the ex-slaves, establish republican state governments. Opposed by radical republicans

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Wade-Davis Act of 1864

answer

Radical Republicans openly broke from Lincoln's reconstruction plans and sought to treat the south as a conquered territory under military rule. Demanded 50% pledge loyalty to the union. Lincoln vetoed the act.

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Yorktown

answer

1781; last battle of the revolution; British surrendered to Washington

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Wilmot Proviso

answer

1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico

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The Louisiana Purchase

answer

The US purchased Louisiana from France for $15 million, Jefferson expanded the powers of the presidency, The US doubled in size, the treaty of cession left some boundaries vague.

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Texas

answer

Texas won independence from Mexico in 1846 through rebellion.

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The First Bank of the United States

answer

Joint private-public enterprise. Stock was owned by both federal and private individuals in addition to its directors.

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The Stamp Act Congress of 1765

answer

established the boycott of British goods after the Stamp Act. It provided an important opportunity for colonial leaders to meet and establish ties with one another. 9 colonies participated in it.

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The Boston Tea Party

answer

Responded to the 1773 Tea Act

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Intolerable Acts

answer

in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses

question

closed the Port of Boston until damages had been paid for the Boston Tea Party

answer

Boston Port Act

question

The Panic of 1837

answer

Caused by the destruction of the Second Bank of the US, overextension of bank credit, a poor wheat crop, and the Specie Circular of 1836

question

The Specie Circular of 1836

answer

1836 required that only gold or silver, or bank notes backed by gold or silver could be used to pay for public land. Contributed to economic depression.

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John Jay

answer

Federalist Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1789-1784

question

John Marshall

answer

Served as chief justice from 1801-1835 and oversaw the development of the Court's power to judge the constitutionality of the acts of Congress

question

Roger B. Taney

answer

Chief Justice from 1836-1864 (dred scott)

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Articles of Confederation

answer

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War - Congress had the power to control foreign affairs, make war, settle disputes between the states and coin or borrow money but it did NOT have the power to tax

question

Salutory Neglect

answer

The British policy of the 17th century in which the British were lax in the enforcement of laws in the colonies, especially the Navigation Acts, allowing the colonies to develop without much interference from the British government.

question

The Declaration of Independence was signed in:

answer

1776

question

The Constitutional Convention took place in:

answer

1787

question

The Great Compromise

answer

authored by Roger Sherman - allowed the production of the US Constitution. 2 houses, House of Representatives would be based on population, the senate would have 2 representatives from each state

question

The Constitution was Ratified in:

answer

1789

question

The First Amendment

answer

focuses on free speech, assembly religion, and the right to petition(1791)

question

The Second Amendment

answer

This amendment protects the right to keep and bear arms. (1791)

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The Third Amendment

answer

deals with illegal quartering of soldiers in private homes (1791)

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The Fourth Amendment

answer

This amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. (Warrant with proof is needed.) (1791)

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The Fifth Amendment

answer

Protects the rights of the accused, including required indictments, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, due process and just compensation (1791)

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The Sixth Amendment

answer

guarantees right to speedy and public trial, the confrontation by witnesses, and the right to call one's own witnesses (1791)

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The Seventh Amendment

answer

Guarantees a jury trial (1791)

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The Eighth Amendment

answer

Protects against excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment (1791)

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The Ninth Amendment

answer

States that all rights not enumerated are nonetheless retained by the people (1791)

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The Tenth Amendment

answer

States that all powers not specifically delegated to the federal government are retained by the states

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The Eleventh Amendment

answer

States may not be sued by individuals (1798)

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The Twelfth Amendment

answer

required the electoral college to vote separately for president and vice president 1894

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The Thirteenth Amendment

answer

abolished slavery entirely in 1865

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The Fourteenth Amendment

answer

Extended citizenship to all persons; made Confederate debt void and Confederate leaders ineligible for public office; states which denied voting rights to blacks would have their representation in Congress reduced; conferred \"dual\" citizenship on all citizens - 1868

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The Fifteenth Amendment

answer

Extended voting rights to blacks 1870

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The Proclamation of 1763

answer

The proclamation of 1763 ordered the ending of settlement west of the peaks of the Appalachians because of increasing problems with the Indians.

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Sugar Act 1764

answer

Forbade trade with the non-English West Indies and required trials for those breaking the law to be held in Admiralty Courts which had no juries.

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The Middle Colonies

answer

New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware

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New England Colonies

answer

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

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The Southern Colonies

answer

Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland

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Credit Mobilier Scandal

answer

1872 illegal manipulation of contracts by a construction and finance company associated with the building of the Union Pacific Railroad (during Grant's presidency)

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The Hartford Convention

answer

Hartford Resolutions: Demanded a series of amendments by the federalists. 1.constitutional amendment which would restrict the president to a single term and would prohibit successive presidents from the same state 2. Omit slaves from the census used to apportion representation at congress 3. require 2/3 vote of congress to declare ware

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The Doctrine of Nullification

answer

Supported heavily by Calhoun that stated a state had the right to overrule, or nullify, federal legislation. This could protect the minority against the tyranny of the majority

question

First states to secede

answer

1860 - South Carolina (prior to Lincoln's inauguration), 1861 - Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas.

question

Final states to secede after Fort Sumter - April 12, 1861

answer

Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina

question

Years of the Civil War

answer

1861-1865

question

Battle of Fort Sumter

answer

the spark that started the Civil War; Lincoln sends in troops to the South to recapture federal forts and preserve the Union, four new states secede (Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee)

question

Battle of Antietam

answer

Civil War battle in which the North succeeded in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties

question

Gold Rushes

answer

California in 1849. Colorado and Nevada in 1859. South Dakota in 1874. Alaska in 1880 and 1896.

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Black Codes

answer

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

question

Unitarianism

answer

the most influential of the organized religious philosophies in the 18th century. Formally organized by William Ellery Channing in 1825.

question

Webster-Hayne Debate

answer

An argument between Daniel Webster and Robert Hayne, about the issue states' rights versus national power. Webster said that Hayne was a challenge to the integrity of the Union. Hayne responded with a defense of the theory of nullification. Webster then spent two full afternoons delievering what became known as his \"Second Reply to Hayne.\" He concluded with the ringing appeal: \"Liberty and Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable.\"

question

Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842

answer

1842 - Established Maine's northern border against Canada, and the boundaries of the Great Lake states. Provided for a join Anglo-American effort to suppress the African Slave trade.

question

Washington's Farewell Address

answer

-Washington retired from office after his 2nd term in 1797. His Farewell Address is actually a letter. In it he reacted sharply to Republicans, by warning against international entanglements (more specifically, denouncing against the Republicans that had been conspiring with the French to frustrate the Federalist diplomatic program.and against the dangers of permanent alliances with foreign nations. (Ex. The Jay Treaty)Warned against sectionalism (Ex: put down the Whiskey Rebellion). Temporary alliances wouldn't be quite as dangerous, but they should be made only in \"extraordinary emergencies\". He also spoke against partisan bitterness. (Federalist and Republican parties) 1775-1825

question

Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws

answer

Montesquieu was a French noble of the 18th century. The work, spirit of the laws, used the empirical method and decided that no political laws apply to all people at all times in all places. It depends on variables.

question

Tocqueville's Democracy in America

answer

In Democracy in America, published in 1835, Tocqueville wrote of the New World and its burgeoning democratic order. Observing from the perspective of a detached social scientist, Tocqueville wrote of his travels through America in the early 19th Century when the market revolution, Western expansion, and Jacksonian democracy were radically transforming the fabric of American life. He saw democracy as an equation that balanced liberty and equality, concern for the individual as well as the community. Tocqueville's impressions of American religion and its relationship to the broader national culture are likewise notable.

question

Cotton Mather

answer

leading Puritan minster and intellectual. Leading figure in the Salem witch trials, earned fame for his book \"Magnalia Christi Americana\", a homage to great Puritan Americans.

question

Oliver Ellsworth

answer

Third Supreme Court Chief Justice, Senator from Connecticut

question

Era of Good Feelings

answer

A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts. Ended by the Missouri Compromise

question

US Population more than doubled from:

answer

9 million in 1820 to 23 million 1850

question

The American Colonization Society

answer

An antislavery organization that advocated gradual emancipation on an individual basis. Once freed, the slaves would be shipped back to Africa as they believed there was no place for them in America.

question

Seneca Falls Convention

answer

(1848) the first national women's rights convention in New York at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

question

The Newburgh Conspiracy

answer

disgruntled army officers disgusted with a central gov. too week to collect taxes to pay them & their troops. - the use of the Continental Army to create a more centralized Union of the states.

question

Seward's Folly

answer

the name given to the purchase of Alaska. , -Secretary of State William Seward's negotiation of the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867 for about $7 million -- about 2 cents per acre . At the time everyone thought this was a mistake to buy Alaska the \"ice box\" but it turned out to be the biggest bargain since the Louisiana purchase. They later realized Alaska was really useful for resources like fish, furs, and lumber.

question

Was impeached and came within one vote of being removed from office

answer

President Andrew Johnson

question

Morrill Land Grand Act

answer

provided large amounts of federal government land to states that would establish agricultural an mechanical colleges.

question

The Molasses Act

answer

Intended to enforce England's mercantilist policies by forcing the colonists to buy sugar from other British colonies rather than foreign producers.

question

Panic of 1819

answer

1st major financial panic since the Constitution was ratified; marked the end of economic expansion and featured deflation (value of US money going down), depression, bank failures, foreclosures on western farms, unemployment, a slump in agriculture and manufacturing, and overcrowded debtor's prisons. Also risky lending practices of the state and local banks led to overspeculation on lands in west- the national bank tightened its credit lending policies and eventually forced these state and local banks to foreclose mortgages on farms, which resulted in bankruptcies and prisons full of debtors.

question

Treaty of 1818

answer

A negotiated treaty between the Monroe administration and England. This treaty came after the War of 1812 to settle disputes between Britain and U.S. It permitted Americans to share Newfoundland fisheries w/ the Canadians, and fixed the vague northern limits of Louisiana from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains. It also provided for a 10-year joint occupation of untamed Oregon country. Surprisingly, neither Britain or America had to surrender rights or claims for this to occur.

question

Legal Tender Act

answer

Lincoln signed in 1862, authorized $150 million in greenbacks. - Confederacy never made its paper money legal tender, responded by making more paper money, which accelerated southern inflation.

question

National Bank Act

answer

It raised money for the Union in the American Civil War by enticing banks to buy federal bonds, and taxed state bonds out of existence. It helped the Union war effort economically.

question

Civil Rights Act of 1866

answer

A bill that guaranteed blacks the right to sue, serve on juries, testify as witnesses against whites, and enter into legal contracts. The act did not give blacks the right to vote, because most Radical Republicans in 1866 remained unconvinced that black suffrage was a necessity. When more Radicals were elected to Congress that autumn, however, they did consider making black suffrage a requirement for a state's readmission into the Union. The act eventually led to the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

question

Civil Rights Act of 1875

answer

A bill that forbade racial discrimination in all public places. The act was the Radical Republicans' last legislative effort to protect the civil liberties of former slaves. Democrats in the House opposed the bill from the outset and consequently made sure it remained largely ineffectual.

CLEP History of the United States 1: Early Colonization to 1877

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