classroom management chapter 3 – Flashcards
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negative reinforcement
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something undesirable is removed to stimulate a desired Behavior
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operant conditioning
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this name is used to refer to the theories of B. F. Skinner, which hold that human behavior can be dramatically improved through the use of scientific application of behavioural principles. also known as behavior modification.
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positive reinforcement
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a theory of B. F. Skinner which holds that proper and immediate reinforcement (a favorite food, compliment, or other reward) strengthens the likelihood that appropriate behavior will reoccur; he also found that behavior can be shaped by providing a reinforcing stimulus just after a desired Behavior happens.
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group life in the classroom
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individual Behavior affects group behavior, and vice versa
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pleasure-pain principle
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according to Redl and Wattenberg, a teacher uses the pleasure-pain principle to deliberately provide experiences to produce pleasant to unpleasant feelings. The hope is that a pleasant experience will induce an individual to repeat a desirable behavior, and an unpleasant experience will make the individual want to avoid repeating that unwanted behavior.
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reality appraisal
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a theory by Fritz Ridl and William Wattenberg, it holds that teachers must help students understand whether their actions are guided by intelligence and conscience or by fear or prejudice. To guide students, educators should appeal to students' sense of fairness and also see the consequences of their behaviors.
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situational assistance
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theory by Fritz Ridl and William Wattenberg, holds that if a student has lost his or her self-control, a teacher steps in with situational assistance to help the student regain control
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supporting self-control
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because individuals control their own conduct, misbehavior results from a temporary lapse of an individual's control system. Teachers must help students learn to use their control system.
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psychological needs
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according to Glasser, these are the need for survival, the need to belong, the need for power, the need for freedom, and the need for fun
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quality schools
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this term used by William Glasser refers to schools that have positive academic and behavior results
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active listening
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a belief fostered by Thomas Gordon, it says that teachers must genuinely hear and understand the comments, concerns, and behaviors of students.
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conflict resolution
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a model of solving conflicts that focuses on productive ways to handle conflict, without aggression or passivity, it may include a conference with the parents or guardian or the development of an individual Behavior contract with the student.
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problem ownership
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a theory of Thomas Gordon; it holds that Educators must get the message to students that the behavior problem rests with the individual students and they will have to accept responsibility for changing their own behavior.
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self-discipline
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according to Gordon, discipline problems reside within the students and they will have to accept responsibility for changing their behavior.
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6 step problem solving
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a process for resolving conflicts is part of Gordon's model and is outlined in chapter 3
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teacher Effectiveness training
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the model of Thomas Gordon in which teachers learn the skills they need to manage their classrooms
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appreciative praise
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considered productive by Ginott, this type of praise deals only with the students' efforts and accomplishments
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evaluative praise
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considered destructive by Ginott, this type of praise deals with the students' character and personality
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I-messages
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teachers use these statements to express how they feel about a given behavior or how it affects them. For example, effective teachers you statements such as "I'm frustrated by all the Talking in this room."
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sane messages
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these messages address the student's behavior rather than the student's character
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you-messages
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these messages attack a student's personality and character, as contrasted with I-messages
