Home Page Arts And Humanities History History of the Americas AP World History civilization chap 9,10, 15 - Flashcards

civilization chap 9,10, 15 – Flashcards

Sonia Kelly

8 July 2022

question

Which of the following was not a major turning point in Japanese history?

answer

the arrival of Islam in the 9th century CE

question

The Yayoi revolution included

answer

the agricultural, bronze, and iron revolutions

question

The Records of Ancient Matters were

answer

among the earliest Japanese accounts of its own history

question

According to Chinese chronicles, Pimiko was

answer

a shaman who ruled in the 3rd century CE

question

The basic unit of Yamato aristocratic society was

answer

the extended family or clan

question

Confucianism and Buddhism both arrived in Japan in what century?

answer

6th century CE

question

"Shinto" in the Japanese language means

answer

"the way of the Gods"

question

The Shinto erligion of Japan is best described as

answer

a type of animistic nature worship

question

Nara and Heian Japan refers to an age where

answer

Jaan made contact with china and adopted their culture

question

The twin centers of Japanese culture in the Nara and Heian periods were

answer

Buddhist monasteries and the imperial court

question

As a ruler of Japan in the 7th century CE, Temmu is famous for his

answer

use of Chinese ideas and practices to consolidate his rule

question

The emperors of the Nara and Heian courts were both

answer

Confucian and Shinto rulers

question

After the "equal field system" failed in Japan, what taxation system was adopted?

answer

quota system

question

Samurai warriors were recruited from

answer

the local nobility

question

In the Nara and Heian eras, the most militerized area of Japan was

answer

the eastern regions, which were the staging ground camaigns against tribal peoples in the north

question

The most important clan that became preeminent from 986-1086 was the

answer

Fujiwara

question

Kiyomori secured rule by

answer

eliminating all familiar rivals to the throne

question

The writngs of the courtiers of the Heian period

answer

scorned the lower classes

question

In general, the aristocratic culture of Nara and Heian Japan was

answer

remote from and scornful of lower class popular culture

question

From the Nara period to the 19th century, most histories of Japan were written in

answer

Chinese

question

The first writers of Japanese language was

answer

women

question

The Tale of Genji written by Murasaki Shikibu around 1000 CE is famous

answer

as the world's first novel with sophisticated delineation of individual characters

question

Buddhism in Japan was

answer

given official govenment support

question

The most importnt attraction of Buddhism to ordinary Japanese during the Nara and Heian eras was its

answer

colorful and elaborate rituals

question

The two great new Buddhist sects of the Heian era were

answer

Tendai and Shingon

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of early Shinto?

answer

the importance of sacrifices when calling upon the gods

question

How was the second invasion of Japan by the Mongols of Kublai Khan repulsed?

answer

a powerful storm or "divine wind" sank much of the invasion fleet

question

Who was responsible for the first bakufu?

answer

Yoritomo

question

The government system of the shoguns in the Kamakura era is best described as a

answer

decentralized military government

question

The Ashikaga shogunate that ermerged from the chaos of the early 1300s is best described as

answer

a regional multistate system centered in Kyoto

question

The daimyo were

answer

powerful regoinal warlords who ruled much of the Japanese countryside

question

Give the correct chronological order for the different periods in Japanese history.

answer

Nara/Heian, Taira, Kamakura, Ashikaga

question

Why did the Parthians rely more on Persian traditions in religious and cultural affairs during the last century or so of their rule?

answer

It was a reaction to the constant warfare with Rome and Kush

question

How did Parthian rule lay the groundwork for the nationa;ostoc emphasis of the Sasanids?

answer

The Parthians attempted to collect the oral Zorostrian textual heritage

question

The language of the Parthian Arsacid empire was

answer

Aramaic

question

Parthian religious policy is best described as

answer

support for Zoroastrianism but toleration of other religions

question

The Zoroastrian orthodoxy recognized four classes in Sassanid society.

answer

priests, warriors, scribes, and peasants

question

The capital of the Sasanid Empire was Ctesiphon

answer

Ctesiphon

question

In Sasanid society, there was

answer

a great divide between a rich minority and an impoverished majority

question

The basis of the Sasanid economy was

answer

agriculture

question

As part of their effort to reclaim the glory of the Persian past, the Sasanid rulers used the title Shahanshah, which is best translated as

answer

"King of Kings"

question

The chief rival of the Sasanid Empire for predominance in the Near East from the 3rd to 7th century CE was

answer

the Byzantine EMpire

question

The greatest emperor of the 6th century Sasanid Empire was

answer

Chosroes

question

State monopolies of the Sasanid government included

answer

both silk and glass

question

The academy at Jundishapur recieved refugee scholars from the

answer

Byzantine Empire

question

The basis of Sasanid culture was

answer

a revived version of Zoroastrianism

question

The greatest figure in Sasanid religious history is Katir, who

answer

sought to impose Zoroastrian orthodoxy throughout the empire.

question

"Pahlavi" refers to

answer

the offocial imperial language of the Sasanid culture

question

During the Sasanid hegemony, the priests

answer

increased their power

question

The Mazdakite movement arose in the response to the

answer

unequal distribution of the Sasanid empire's bounty and social justice

question

A faith not spread along the silk route to centeral Asia was

answer

Zoroastrianism

question

The "Golden Age" of Indian civilization was the

answer

Gupta period

question

During the "Golden Age" of Indian civilization, the culture was generally transmitted in which direction?

answer

east

question

One of the most important indices of culture in the Gupta era was

answer

a strong emphasis on education

question

Jati groupings in India included all of the following except

answer

religious practice

question

"Bhakti" can best be translated as

answer

loving devotion

question

"Dharma" can best be translated as

answer

apporpriate duties and responsibilities

question

Which of the following was not amoung the four basican Aryan varnas

answer

peasant

question

"Brahman" can best be translated as

answer

priest

question

The Pranas became an important part of the Hinduism during and after the Gupta dynasty was the

answer

growth and devotional cults to specific deities

question

invaded Italy and proclaimed himself king. he put the church under more royal control

answer

Otto I

question

separation of Church and state, and the celibacy of the catholic clergy

answer

Cluny Reform

question

wanted independence from Pope Gregory VII and started the investiture controversary

answer

Henry IV (Germany)

question

Henry IV agreed not to invest bishops and recognized the emperor's right to grant bishops secular fiefs.

answer

Concordat of Worms

question

religions wars directed by the church against infidels and heretics

answer

Crusades

question

was chagrined by the misdirection of the crusade he was running, but once Constantinople was in Latin hands he changed his mind

answer

Pope Innocent III

question

an association of merchants or craftsmen that offered protection to its members and set rules for their work and products

answer

Guilds

question

long distance traders

answer

Merchants

question

skilled workers at making things by hand

answer

Artisans

question

doctrine that truth already exists

answer

Scholasticism

question

monks who lived according to rule

answer

Regular Clergy

question

lived among laity in the world. Had cardinals, archbishops, and bishops

answer

Secular Clergy

question

armored soldiers

answer

Knights

question

laid claim to the English throne

answer

Duke William of Normandy

question

Battle that crowned Duke William king of England

answer

Battle of Hastings

question

taxed heavily and force to sing the Magna Carta

answer

John I

question

last ruler of the Capetian Dynasty and during the dynasty, the kings wisely concentrated their limited resources on securing territory surrounding Paris, by the center of the French government and culture

answer

Phillip II "Augustus" (France)

question

the first of the Hohenstaufens, reestablished imperial authority but also initiated a new phase in the contest between popes and emperors

answer

Frederick I Barbarossa

question

war between France and England for land conquest and it lasted 116 years

answer

Hundred Years War

question

put a sense of self confidence in the English army

answer

Joan of Arc

question

plague that killed 1/3 of Europe's population

answer

Black Death

question

issued the papal bull Clericis Laicos, which forbade taxation of the clergy without prior papal approval. He also issued the bull Unam Sanctum which means the church has the most power over anything.

answer

Boniface VIII

question

released anti-papal campaign against Boniface and sends troops to Rome to beat Boniface's army

answer

Philip IV "The Fair" (France)

question

papal government

answer

Curia

question

the split of the church and the appearance of at times three rival popes

answer

Great Schism

question

the revival of ancient learning and traditions

answer

Renaissance

question

revival of the classics that was more scientific thinking of the world

answer

Humanism

question

program during the Renaissance that studied and embraced grammar, poetry, history, philosophy, and politics

answer

Studia Humanitas

question

father of humanism

answer

Francesco Petrach

question

wrote a divine comedy and was the first to write in Italian (not the language of the church)

answer

Dante Alighieri

question

the use of shading to enhance naturalness in painting and drawing

answer

Chiaroscuro

question

style of art that permitted artists to express their own feelings

answer

Mannerism

question

became famously cynical and admired the heroic acts of Roman rulers

answer

Niccolo Machiavelli

question

direct tax imposed by the French on land owned by non nobles

answer

Taille

question

made Kiev capitol of Russia

answer

Vladimir

question

time of great Mongol rulers

answer

Golden Horde

question

takes capitol from Kiev to Moscow

answer

Ivan III "The Great" (Russia)

question

king of port city in Spain

answer

Ferdinand of Aragon (Spain)

question

queen of rock sheep land in Spain

answer

Isabella of Castille (Spain)

question

war between Lancasters and Yorks were fighting over power because they were the two most powerful families. Called this because both family crests were Roses

answer

War of the Roses

question

kills Duke of York and sees that marriage between Lancasters and Yorks will make England strong. Marries Elizabeth and the nation is united and powerful

answer

Henry VI (England)

question

argument of appointment of Bishops

answer

Investiture Controversary

question

Each of their cities included a ball court for a game they believed maintained the sun and moon cycles and brought rain were this civilization.

answer

Maya

question

First group to worship a god known as Quetzalcoatl.

answer

Toltec

question

Developed a 260-day religious calendar and 365-day solar calendar that were linked together.

answer

Maya

question

Built villages of adobe compounds known as pueblos.

answer

Anasazi

question

First known civilization in Mesoamerica.

answer

Olmec

question

Built Monte Alban,the first real urban center in the Americas.

answer

Zapotec

question

This group lived in the Andes Mountains of Peru in cities including Machu Picchu.

answer

Inca

question

Built Tenochtitlan on an island in Lake Texcoco.

answer

Aztec

question

Lived in the "Four Corners" area of modern Utah,Arizona,Colorado,and New Mexico.

answer

Anasazi

question

Practiced human sacrifice on a massive scale because of their belief that the sun would not rise without the nourishment of human blood.

answer

Aztec

question

Built cities such as Tikal in northern Guatemala.

answer

Maya

question

Group that created huge drawings on the plains of southeastern Peru.

answer

Nazca

question

The extensive road system built by this group linked their major cities including their capital of Cuzco.

answer

Inca

question

Developed a system of glyphs that was the most advanced writing system in the ancient Americas.

answer

Maya

question

Montezuma II ruled this group in the early 16th century.

answer

Aztec

question

Includes the group known as Mississippians who lived at Cahokia.

answer

Mound Builders

question

Practiced some human sacrifice at Chichen Itza.

answer

Maya

question

Early civilizations in Peru that developed irrigation systems and decorative arts such as textiles and pottery.

answer

Nazca and Moche

question

Lived in the woodlands east of the Mississippi River.

answer

Mound Builders

question

Developed early forms of hieroglyphic writing and a calendar system.

answer

Zapotec

question

Built massive stone monuments at San Lorenzo and La Venta.

answer

Olmec

question

Group of tribes who lived in the eastern Great Lakes region.

answer

Iroquois

question

Mayan Government

answer

1. lived in city-states. 2. Had a hereditary ruler. (Ruler comes from a ruling family) 3. Royal house = complete control and authority.

question

Mayan Society

answer

1. Temples used for main gathering places. 2. buildings and houses made of stone. 3. Hieroglyphic writing system.

question

Mayan Religion

answer

1. polytheistic (belief in many gods) 2. Most important god was the god of Maize. 3. used human sacrafices

question

Incan Government

answer

1. hereditary ruler - called "The Inca" 2. Had 4 provinces: each had a governor. 3. Seperate chains of command for military and religion.

question

Incan Society

answer

1. First to perform skull surgery successfully. 2. Grew crops and fished.

question

Incan Religion

answer

1. polytheistic 2. Most important of the gods was The Sun god called "The Inti" 3. Sacrificed llamas and humans.

question

Aztec Government

answer

1. Used a Tribute System (type of tax system) 2. emperor is chosen by the elders. 3. Emperor and elders work together.

question

Aztec Society

answer

1. Had a class system: nobility, peasants, artisans/warriors, slaves. 2. good education 3. built cities and canals.

question

Aztec Religion

answer

1. polytheistic 2. used human sacrifices.

question

religious wars directed by the church against infidels and heretics

answer

crusades

question

an association of merchants or craftsmen that offered protection to its members and set rules for their work and products

answer

guild

question

method of study based on logic and dialectic that dominated the medival schools. it assumed that truth already existed; students had only to organize, elucidate, and defend knowlegde learned from authoritative texts, especially those of Aristotle and the church fathers

answer

scholasticism

question

monks and nuns who belong to religious orders

answer

regular clergy

question

parish clergy who did not belong to a religious order

answer

secular clergy

question

the "great charter" limiting royal power that the english nobility forced king john to sign in 1215

answer

Magna Carta

question

the appearance of two and at times three rival popes between 1378 and 1415

answer

Great Schism

question

the papal govenment

answer

curia

question

the revival of the old roman empire based mainly in Germany and northern Italy that endured from 870 to 1806

answer

Holy roman empire

question

the revival of ancient learning and the supplanting of traditional religious beleifs by new secular and scientific values that began in italy in the 14th and 15th centuries

answer

Renaissance

question

the study of the latin and greek classics and of the church fathers both for their own sake and to promote a rebirth of ancient norms and values

answer

humanism

question

during the Renaissance a liberal arts program of study that embaced grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, philosophy, and politics

answer

studia humanitatis

question

the everyday language spoken by the people as opposed to latin.

answer

vernacular

question

the use of shading to enhance naturalness in painting and drawing

answer

chiaroscuro

question

a style of art in the mid to late 16th century that permitted artists to express their own "manner" or feeling in contrast to the symmetry and simplicity of the art of the high renaissance.

answer

mannerism

question

the direct tax on the french peasantry

answer

taille

question

name given to the Mongol rulers of Russia from 1240 to 1480.

answer

golden horde

question

the bubonic plague that killed millions of europeans in the fourteenth century

answer

black death

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Unlock all answers in this set

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question

Which of the following was not a major turning point in Japanese history?

answer

the arrival of Islam in the 9th century CE

question

The Yayoi revolution included

answer

the agricultural, bronze, and iron revolutions

question

The Records of Ancient Matters were

answer

among the earliest Japanese accounts of its own history

question

According to Chinese chronicles, Pimiko was

answer

a shaman who ruled in the 3rd century CE

question

The basic unit of Yamato aristocratic society was

answer

the extended family or clan

question

Confucianism and Buddhism both arrived in Japan in what century?

answer

6th century CE

question

"Shinto" in the Japanese language means

answer

"the way of the Gods"

question

The Shinto erligion of Japan is best described as

answer

a type of animistic nature worship

question

Nara and Heian Japan refers to an age where

answer

Jaan made contact with china and adopted their culture

question

The twin centers of Japanese culture in the Nara and Heian periods were

answer

Buddhist monasteries and the imperial court

question

As a ruler of Japan in the 7th century CE, Temmu is famous for his

answer

use of Chinese ideas and practices to consolidate his rule

question

The emperors of the Nara and Heian courts were both

answer

Confucian and Shinto rulers

question

After the "equal field system" failed in Japan, what taxation system was adopted?

answer

quota system

question

Samurai warriors were recruited from

answer

the local nobility

question

In the Nara and Heian eras, the most militerized area of Japan was

answer

the eastern regions, which were the staging ground camaigns against tribal peoples in the north

question

The most important clan that became preeminent from 986-1086 was the

answer

Fujiwara

question

Kiyomori secured rule by

answer

eliminating all familiar rivals to the throne

question

The writngs of the courtiers of the Heian period

answer

scorned the lower classes

question

In general, the aristocratic culture of Nara and Heian Japan was

answer

remote from and scornful of lower class popular culture

question

From the Nara period to the 19th century, most histories of Japan were written in

answer

Chinese

question

The first writers of Japanese language was

answer

women

question

The Tale of Genji written by Murasaki Shikibu around 1000 CE is famous

answer

as the world's first novel with sophisticated delineation of individual characters

question

Buddhism in Japan was

answer

given official govenment support

question

The most importnt attraction of Buddhism to ordinary Japanese during the Nara and Heian eras was its

answer

colorful and elaborate rituals

question

The two great new Buddhist sects of the Heian era were

answer

Tendai and Shingon

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of early Shinto?

answer

the importance of sacrifices when calling upon the gods

question

How was the second invasion of Japan by the Mongols of Kublai Khan repulsed?

answer

a powerful storm or "divine wind" sank much of the invasion fleet

question

Who was responsible for the first bakufu?

answer

Yoritomo

question

The government system of the shoguns in the Kamakura era is best described as a

answer

decentralized military government

question

The Ashikaga shogunate that ermerged from the chaos of the early 1300s is best described as

answer

a regional multistate system centered in Kyoto

question

The daimyo were

answer

powerful regoinal warlords who ruled much of the Japanese countryside

question

Give the correct chronological order for the different periods in Japanese history.

answer

Nara/Heian, Taira, Kamakura, Ashikaga

question

Why did the Parthians rely more on Persian traditions in religious and cultural affairs during the last century or so of their rule?

answer

It was a reaction to the constant warfare with Rome and Kush

question

How did Parthian rule lay the groundwork for the nationa;ostoc emphasis of the Sasanids?

answer

The Parthians attempted to collect the oral Zorostrian textual heritage

question

The language of the Parthian Arsacid empire was

answer

Aramaic

question

Parthian religious policy is best described as

answer

support for Zoroastrianism but toleration of other religions

question

The Zoroastrian orthodoxy recognized four classes in Sassanid society.

answer

priests, warriors, scribes, and peasants

question

The capital of the Sasanid Empire was Ctesiphon

answer

Ctesiphon

question

In Sasanid society, there was

answer

a great divide between a rich minority and an impoverished majority

question

The basis of the Sasanid economy was

answer

agriculture

question

As part of their effort to reclaim the glory of the Persian past, the Sasanid rulers used the title Shahanshah, which is best translated as

answer

"King of Kings"

question

The chief rival of the Sasanid Empire for predominance in the Near East from the 3rd to 7th century CE was

answer

the Byzantine EMpire

question

The greatest emperor of the 6th century Sasanid Empire was

answer

Chosroes

question

State monopolies of the Sasanid government included

answer

both silk and glass

question

The academy at Jundishapur recieved refugee scholars from the

answer

Byzantine Empire

question

The basis of Sasanid culture was

answer

a revived version of Zoroastrianism

question

The greatest figure in Sasanid religious history is Katir, who

answer

sought to impose Zoroastrian orthodoxy throughout the empire.

question

"Pahlavi" refers to

answer

the offocial imperial language of the Sasanid culture

question

During the Sasanid hegemony, the priests

answer

increased their power

question

The Mazdakite movement arose in the response to the

answer

unequal distribution of the Sasanid empire's bounty and social justice

question

A faith not spread along the silk route to centeral Asia was

answer

Zoroastrianism

question

The "Golden Age" of Indian civilization was the

answer

Gupta period

question

During the "Golden Age" of Indian civilization, the culture was generally transmitted in which direction?

answer

east

question

One of the most important indices of culture in the Gupta era was

answer

a strong emphasis on education

question

Jati groupings in India included all of the following except

answer

religious practice

question

"Bhakti" can best be translated as

answer

loving devotion

question

"Dharma" can best be translated as

answer

apporpriate duties and responsibilities

question

Which of the following was not amoung the four basican Aryan varnas

answer

peasant

question

"Brahman" can best be translated as

answer

priest

question

The Pranas became an important part of the Hinduism during and after the Gupta dynasty was the

answer

growth and devotional cults to specific deities

question

invaded Italy and proclaimed himself king. he put the church under more royal control

answer

Otto I

question

separation of Church and state, and the celibacy of the catholic clergy

answer

Cluny Reform

question

wanted independence from Pope Gregory VII and started the investiture controversary

answer

Henry IV (Germany)

question

Henry IV agreed not to invest bishops and recognized the emperor's right to grant bishops secular fiefs.

answer

Concordat of Worms

question

religions wars directed by the church against infidels and heretics

answer

Crusades

question

was chagrined by the misdirection of the crusade he was running, but once Constantinople was in Latin hands he changed his mind

answer

Pope Innocent III

question

an association of merchants or craftsmen that offered protection to its members and set rules for their work and products

answer

Guilds

question

long distance traders

answer

Merchants

question

skilled workers at making things by hand

answer

Artisans

question

doctrine that truth already exists

answer

Scholasticism

question

monks who lived according to rule

answer

Regular Clergy

question

lived among laity in the world. Had cardinals, archbishops, and bishops

answer

Secular Clergy

question

armored soldiers

answer

Knights

question

laid claim to the English throne

answer

Duke William of Normandy

question

Battle that crowned Duke William king of England

answer

Battle of Hastings

question

taxed heavily and force to sing the Magna Carta

answer

John I

question

answer

Phillip II "Augustus" (France)

question

the first of the Hohenstaufens, reestablished imperial authority but also initiated a new phase in the contest between popes and emperors

answer

Frederick I Barbarossa

question

war between France and England for land conquest and it lasted 116 years

answer

Hundred Years War

question

put a sense of self confidence in the English army

answer

Joan of Arc

question

plague that killed 1/3 of Europe's population

answer

Black Death

question

issued the papal bull Clericis Laicos, which forbade taxation of the clergy without prior papal approval. He also issued the bull Unam Sanctum which means the church has the most power over anything.

answer

Boniface VIII

question

released anti-papal campaign against Boniface and sends troops to Rome to beat Boniface's army

answer

Philip IV "The Fair" (France)

question

papal government

answer

Curia

question

the split of the church and the appearance of at times three rival popes

answer

Great Schism

question

the revival of ancient learning and traditions

answer

Renaissance

question

revival of the classics that was more scientific thinking of the world

answer

Humanism

question

program during the Renaissance that studied and embraced grammar, poetry, history, philosophy, and politics

answer

Studia Humanitas

question

father of humanism

answer

Francesco Petrach

question

wrote a divine comedy and was the first to write in Italian (not the language of the church)

answer

Dante Alighieri

question

the use of shading to enhance naturalness in painting and drawing

answer

Chiaroscuro

question

style of art that permitted artists to express their own feelings

answer

Mannerism

question

became famously cynical and admired the heroic acts of Roman rulers

answer

Niccolo Machiavelli

question

direct tax imposed by the French on land owned by non nobles

answer

Taille

question

made Kiev capitol of Russia

answer

Vladimir

question

time of great Mongol rulers

answer

Golden Horde

question

takes capitol from Kiev to Moscow

answer

Ivan III "The Great" (Russia)

question

king of port city in Spain

answer

Ferdinand of Aragon (Spain)

question

queen of rock sheep land in Spain

answer

Isabella of Castille (Spain)

question

war between Lancasters and Yorks were fighting over power because they were the two most powerful families. Called this because both family crests were Roses

answer

War of the Roses

question

kills Duke of York and sees that marriage between Lancasters and Yorks will make England strong. Marries Elizabeth and the nation is united and powerful

answer

Henry VI (England)

question

argument of appointment of Bishops

answer

Investiture Controversary

question

Each of their cities included a ball court for a game they believed maintained the sun and moon cycles and brought rain were this civilization.

answer

Maya

question

First group to worship a god known as Quetzalcoatl.

answer

Toltec

question

Developed a 260-day religious calendar and 365-day solar calendar that were linked together.

answer

Maya

question

Built villages of adobe compounds known as pueblos.

answer

Anasazi

question

First known civilization in Mesoamerica.

answer

Olmec

question

Built Monte Alban,the first real urban center in the Americas.

answer

Zapotec

question

This group lived in the Andes Mountains of Peru in cities including Machu Picchu.

answer

Inca

question

Built Tenochtitlan on an island in Lake Texcoco.

answer

Aztec

question

Lived in the "Four Corners" area of modern Utah,Arizona,Colorado,and New Mexico.

answer

Anasazi

question

Practiced human sacrifice on a massive scale because of their belief that the sun would not rise without the nourishment of human blood.

answer

Aztec

question

Built cities such as Tikal in northern Guatemala.

answer

Maya

question

Group that created huge drawings on the plains of southeastern Peru.

answer

Nazca

question

The extensive road system built by this group linked their major cities including their capital of Cuzco.

answer

Inca

question

Developed a system of glyphs that was the most advanced writing system in the ancient Americas.

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Maya

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Montezuma II ruled this group in the early 16th century.

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Aztec

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Includes the group known as Mississippians who lived at Cahokia.

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Mound Builders

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Practiced some human sacrifice at Chichen Itza.

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Maya

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Early civilizations in Peru that developed irrigation systems and decorative arts such as textiles and pottery.

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Nazca and Moche

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Lived in the woodlands east of the Mississippi River.

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Mound Builders

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Developed early forms of hieroglyphic writing and a calendar system.

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Zapotec

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Built massive stone monuments at San Lorenzo and La Venta.

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Olmec

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Group of tribes who lived in the eastern Great Lakes region.

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Iroquois

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Mayan Government

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1. lived in city-states. 2. Had a hereditary ruler. (Ruler comes from a ruling family) 3. Royal house = complete control and authority.

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Mayan Society

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1. Temples used for main gathering places. 2. buildings and houses made of stone. 3. Hieroglyphic writing system.

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Mayan Religion

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1. polytheistic (belief in many gods) 2. Most important god was the god of Maize. 3. used human sacrafices

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Incan Government

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1. hereditary ruler - called "The Inca" 2. Had 4 provinces: each had a governor. 3. Seperate chains of command for military and religion.

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Incan Society

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1. First to perform skull surgery successfully. 2. Grew crops and fished.

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Incan Religion

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1. polytheistic 2. Most important of the gods was The Sun god called "The Inti" 3. Sacrificed llamas and humans.

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Aztec Government

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1. Used a Tribute System (type of tax system) 2. emperor is chosen by the elders. 3. Emperor and elders work together.

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Aztec Society

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1. Had a class system: nobility, peasants, artisans/warriors, slaves. 2. good education 3. built cities and canals.

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Aztec Religion

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1. polytheistic 2. used human sacrifices.

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religious wars directed by the church against infidels and heretics

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crusades

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an association of merchants or craftsmen that offered protection to its members and set rules for their work and products

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guild

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scholasticism

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monks and nuns who belong to religious orders

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regular clergy

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parish clergy who did not belong to a religious order

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secular clergy

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the "great charter" limiting royal power that the english nobility forced king john to sign in 1215

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Magna Carta

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the appearance of two and at times three rival popes between 1378 and 1415

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Great Schism

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the papal govenment

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curia

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the revival of the old roman empire based mainly in Germany and northern Italy that endured from 870 to 1806

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Holy roman empire

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the revival of ancient learning and the supplanting of traditional religious beleifs by new secular and scientific values that began in italy in the 14th and 15th centuries

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Renaissance

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the study of the latin and greek classics and of the church fathers both for their own sake and to promote a rebirth of ancient norms and values

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humanism

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during the Renaissance a liberal arts program of study that embaced grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, philosophy, and politics

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studia humanitatis

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the everyday language spoken by the people as opposed to latin.

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vernacular

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the use of shading to enhance naturalness in painting and drawing

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chiaroscuro

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a style of art in the mid to late 16th century that permitted artists to express their own "manner" or feeling in contrast to the symmetry and simplicity of the art of the high renaissance.

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mannerism

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the direct tax on the french peasantry

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taille

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name given to the Mongol rulers of Russia from 1240 to 1480.

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golden horde

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the bubonic plague that killed millions of europeans in the fourteenth century

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black death

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