Civilization- Case Study: Ur in Sumer – Flashcards
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What made the task of farming easier?
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new tools- hoes, sickles, and plow sticks
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What did ancient people do in larger villages to cultivate more land and produce extra crops?
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irrigation systems
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What did food surpluses allow villagers to do?
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pursue other jobs and skills other than farming
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name some examples of specific craftsperson jobs:
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pottery, metal objects, woven cloth
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What two important inventions enabled transportation?
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the wheel and the sail
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What became more clearly defined socially when cities grew?
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class system
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What changes occured with religion during the New Stone Age?
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worshiped gods who they believed had power over forces of nature
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List the five characteristics of a civilization.
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1) Advanced cities 2) Specialized workers 3) Complex institutions 4) Record keeping 5) advanced technology
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What determines a city from a town?
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not population alone. It is that a city is the center of trade for a much larger area
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specialization
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the development of skills in a specific kind of work
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artisans
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skilled workers who make goods by hand
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institution
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a long lasting pattern of organization in a community
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examples of complex institutions are:
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govenment, religion, economy
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What id the Sumerian's believe religious-wise?
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that every city belonged to a god who governed the city's activites
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What purposes did the temple serve in Sumer
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hub of government, religion, and economy
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What are three examples of government record keeping
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tax collections, laws, storage of grain
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What are two examples of Religious record keeping
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calendar and rituals
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What are two examples of merchant record keeping
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accounts of debts and payments
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scribes
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professional record keepers
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cuniform
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wedged shaped Sumerian writing with pictographs
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What form of writing was made by a sharpened reed with a wedge point called a stylus making imprints into clay. The writing was then baked in the sun to be preserved.
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Cuniform
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What other reasons besides record keeping would people write?
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dramatic events- wars, nat disasters, reign of kings
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What civilization made the first potter's wheel?
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sumeria
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Bronze age
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time when people started using bronze to make tols
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Where did the bronze age begin?
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Sumer
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What was the earliest Sumerian cities and where was it located
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Ur, along the Euphrates River
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What provided Ur with food surpluses and kept the economy thriving?
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large-scale irrigation
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Describe the city setup in Ur
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wide dirt road leads from the field s to the city wall. Windowless one story box like tightly packed houses. Some live in two story houses w/ a courtyard
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Did Ur have an army?
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yes
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Was money invented at the time of Ur?
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Mo
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barter
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trading goods and services w/out money
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ziggurat
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pyramid shaped monument
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Describe the ziggurats usage in daily Sumerian life
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city within a city surrounded by a heavy wall. 1oo stairs lead to the top and a priest will climb up it. There is also grain woven fabric and gem storage for the city's gods
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What did the Sumerians believe you went after your life was over
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to an afterlife
