Civics final exam study guide – Flashcards
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Bicameral Legislature
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A two-chamber legislature
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Session
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a period of time during which a legislature meets to conduct business
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cencus
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a population count
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reapportionment
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the process of reassigning representation based on population, after every census
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redistrict
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to set up new districts lines after reapportionment is complete
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gerrymander
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to draw a districts boundaries to gain an advantage in elections
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at-large
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as a whole; for example, statewide
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censure
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a vote of formal disapproval of a member's actions
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incumbent
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elected officials that is already in office
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politics
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the effort to control or influence the conduct and policies of government
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limited governmnets
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a system of government in which people elect delegates to make laws and conduct governments
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representative government
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a system of government in which people elect delegates to make laws and conduct governments
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separation of powers
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the division of power among the legislative, executives, and judicial branches of government
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revenue
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the money a government collects from taxes or other sources
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embargo
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an agreement prohibiting trade
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ratify
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to approve
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unicameral
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a single-chamber legislature
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cede
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to yield
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ordinance
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a law
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interstate commerce
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to trade among the state
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article
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on of seven main divisions of the body of the constitution
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jurisdiction
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the authority of a court to rule on certain cases
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supremacy clause
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statement in article VI of the constitution establishing that the constitution, law passed by congress and treaties of the united states "shall be the supreme law of the land"
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Amendment
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a change to the constitution
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popular sovereignty
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ruling by the people
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Federalism
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a government that divides the power of the government between the national government and state or provincial governments
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separation of powers
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the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government
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check and balances
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the system where each branch of government exercise some control over the others
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veto
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rejection of bill
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judicial review
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the power of the supreme court to declare law and actions of local, state, or national governments unconsitutional
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delegates powers
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powers the constitution grants or delegates to the national government
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expressed powers
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powers directly stated in the constitution
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implied powers
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powers that the government required to carry out the expressed constitutional power
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elastic clause
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clause in article 1, section 8, of the constitution that gives congress the right to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers expressed in the other clause of article 1
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inherent powers
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powers that the national government may exercise simply because it is a government
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reserved powers
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powers that belong strictly to the states
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Supremacy clause
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statement in article VI of the constitution establishing that the constitution, laws passed by congress, and treaties of the united states "shall be the supreme law of the land"
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concurrent powers
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powers that both the national government and the states have
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enabling act
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the first step in the state admission procedure which enable the people of a territory to prepare a constituion
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extradite
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to return a criminal or fugitive who flees across state lines back to the original state
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foreign policy
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the strategies and goals that guide a nation's relations with other countries
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national security
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protection of the nations borders and territories against invasion or control by foreign powers
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isolationism
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the avoidance of involvement in world affairs
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internationalism
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involvement in world affairs
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containment
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the policy designed to keep the soviet union from expanding its power
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consulate
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office that promotes american business and safeguards it travelers in a foreign country
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ambassador
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an official of the government who represents the nation in diplomatic maters
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treaty
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a formal agreement between the government between the governments of two or more countries
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embassy
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an ambassador's official residence and offices in a foreign
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bipartisan
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consisting of members of both major poltical parties
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politics
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the effort to control or influence the conduct and policies of government
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democracy
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government in which the people rule
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nation-state
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a country in which the territory of both nation and the state coincides
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federalism
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a system in which power is divided between the national and state government
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political parties
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a group of individual with broad common interstate who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections , conduct government, and determine public policys
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capitalism
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an economic system providing free choices and individuals incentive for workers, investors, consumers, and business enterprises
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preamble
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a statement in constitution that set forth the goals and purpose if governments
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national security
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protection of the nations borders and territories against invasions or control by foreign powers
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interstate commerce
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trade among the state
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judical review
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the power of the supreme court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national government unconstitutional
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executive agreement
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the right of the president and other high-ranking executive officers to refuse to testify before congress or a court
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slander
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false speech intended to damage a person's reputation
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enumerated powers
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the expressed powers of congress that are itemized and numbered 1-18 in articles 1, section 8 of the constitution
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separation of powers
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the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government
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necessary and proper clause
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article 1, section 8, of the constitution, which gives Congress the power to make all laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out its duties
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concurrent powers
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powers that both the national governments and the state have
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revenue bills
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a law proposed to raise money
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national budget
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the yearly financial plan for the national government
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subpoena
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a legal order that a person appears to produce requested documents
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presidential succession
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the order in which officials fill the office of president in case of a vacancy
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lobbyists
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interest group represenetatives
