question

2 Party System

answer

A system of government in which two parties compete for power.

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3/5 Compromise

answer

Agreement providing that enslaved persons would count as 3/5 of other persons in determining representation in Congress.

question

The 4 Factors of production

answer

Labor, entrepreneurship, capitol, and land

question

14th Amendment

answer

Defines US citizenship and guarantees all citizens "equal protection of the laws."

question

19th Amendment

answer

Gives women the right to vote

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21st Amendment

answer

Repeals Prohibition

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26th Amendment

answer

Sets voting age at 18 years

question

Adam Smith

answer

Wrote The Wealth of Nations, which was the first book to describe the basics of economics.

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Albany Plan of Union

answer

A plan developed and proposed by Benjamin Franklin that stated that the states should join together as one nation

question

Amendments 4-8

answer

Defines the rights that people have when they go to court

question

Anne Hutchinson

answer

Puritan spiritual adviser and important participant in the Antinomian Controversy that shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638.

question

Anti-Federalist

answer

Those who opposed the signing of the Constitution

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Appellate Jurisdiction

answer

The authority of a court to hear a case appealed from a lower court

question

Arbitration

answer

Situation in which the union and company officials submit the issues they cannot agree on to a third party for a final decision

question

Arraignment

answer

The formal reading to the defendant of what they are being charged with

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Article 1

answer

Describes the legislative branch of the government

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Article 2

answer

Sets up and describes the powers of the executive branch

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Article 3

answer

Sets up and describes the judicial branch

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Article 4

answer

About the states and the rights

question

Article 5

answer

About the amendment process

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Article 6

answer

About the legal status of the Constitution

question

Article 7

answer

About ratification

question

Automation

answer

The use of various control systems to operate equipment such as machinery

question

Bacon's Rebellion

answer

A rebellion that was led by Nathaniel Bacon during the 1640s. It was caused by the agreement to keep settlers from taking the Native American's land, which Bacon disagreed with.

question

Battle of Lexington and Concord

answer

The first battles of the Revolutionary War

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Battle of Yorktown

answer

Last battle of the Revolutionary War, British General Lord Cornwallis surrendered his army to General George Washington

question

Bill of Attainder

answer

A law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or fair hearing in court

question

Bill of Rights

answer

The first ten amendments of the Constitution that states the people's basic rights.

question

Blue Collar Worker

answer

People that typically do labor works

question

Cabinet

answer

A group of advisors to the President that includes the heads of 15 top-level executive departments

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Capitalism

answer

A system in which private citizens own most, if not all, of the means of production and decide how to use them within legislation limits

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Carl Marx

answer

Believed that the population in industrialized nations is divided into capitalists, who own the means of production and workers

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Citizen

answer

Community member who owes locality to the government and is entitled to protection from it

question

City Upon a Hill

answer

Term used by John Winthrop to describe the Puritan's first settlement that would later become New England

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Civics

answer

The study of the rights and duties of a citizen

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Civil Immigration Services

answer

...

question

Coalitions

answer

An alliance for combined action, especially one that is formed between political parties to govern state(s)

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Command Economy

answer

An economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are generally determined by the government

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Comparative Advantage

answer

The ability of an individual or group to carry out a specific economic activity more efficiently than another activity

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Competition

answer

Rivalry among sellers trying to increase profit, market share, and sales volume by varying the price, product, distribution, and promotion

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Concurring Opinion

answer

Written opinion by one or more judges of a court which agrees with the decision made by the majority of the court, but states different reasons for the decision

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Conservative

answer

Holding to traditional values and attitudes and cautious about change, typically relating to politics or religion

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Consumer goods

answer

Goods bought and used by consumers

question

Declaration of Independence

answer

The document that established the United Staes as an independent country from, adopted on July 4, 1776

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Demand

answer

An economic principle that describes a consumer's desire and willingness to pay a price for a specific good or service.

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Democracy

answer

A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically typically by representatives that are elected by the people.

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Deterrence

answer

A military capable sufficiently strong to discourage any would-be aggressor from starting a because of the fear of retaliation

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Direct democracy

answer

Form of democracy in which people decide policy initiatives directly

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Dissenting opinion

answer

Written opinion of one or more judge that expresses disagreement with the majority of the court which gives rise to its judgement

question

Duty

answer

A moral or legal obligation

question

e pluribus unum

answer

Motto that was first used on the U.S. coinage meaning "out of many, one"

question

Economics

answer

Social science that focuses of how individuals, governments, firms and nations make choices on using scarce resources to satisfy their wants.

question

Elastic clause

answer

A statement in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out the enumerated list of powers.

question

Electoral college

answer

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and Vice President

question

Electoral votes in each state

answer

Each state is elected the same number of electors as it has members of the Senate and House of Representatives combined.

question

Electoral votes needed to win

answer

270 of the 538 electoral votes are needed to win an election

question

Electorate

answer

All of the people in an area or country that have the right to vote.

question

English Bill of Rights

answer

An English statue of 1689 confirming the Declaration of Rights, declaring he rights and liberties of the subjects and settling he succession of the crown.

question

Establishment Clause

answer

Clause of the first amendment of the U.S. Constitution that prohibits the establishing of a religion by Congress

question

European Union

answer

Group of European countries that participates in the world economy unit that operates under one official currency (the euro)

question

Excise tax

answer

Taxes that are paid when specific goods are purchases, and are often included in the purchase.

question

Expressed powers

answer

Powers of Congress that are spelled out in the U.S. Constitution

question

FCC

answer

Independent U.S. governmental regulatory agency that is responsible for the overseeing of all interstate and international communications

question

Federalism

answer

System of government in which the right to vote in constitutionally divided between the centrally governing authority and constituent political unions.

question

Federalist

answer

A supporter of federalism

question

Fixed cost

answer

Expense that has to be paid by a company, independent of any business activity

question

Full faith and credit clause

answer

Addresses the duties that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, judicial proceedings of every other state"

question

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

answer

Describes the government set up by the Connecticut river towns, setting its structure and power. Adopted by the Connecticut colony council on January 15, 1639.

question

General assembly

answer

One of the six principle organs of the United Nations, and the only one in which all of the members have equal representation.

question

General election

answer

A regular election of candidates for office

question

Glass Steagall Banking Act

answer

An act the U.S. Congress passed in 1933 that prohibited from participating in the investment bank business

question

Government

answer

The governing body of a nation, state, or community.

question

Governor

answer

The elected executive head of a state of the United States

question

Gramm Leach-Bliley Act

answer

A federal law enacted in the U.S. to control the ways that financial institutions deal with the information of individuals that is kept private; established in 1999

question

Grassroots

answer

The basic level of activity in an organization

question

Great Compromise

answer

Agreement that defined the representation the representation that each state would have in Congress; reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

question

Hard money

answer

Specific type of asset-based loan financing when the borrower received funds secured by the value of a parcel of real estate

question

Higher interest rates

answer

Increase the cost of borrowing, which in turn can reduce the amount that people and businesses own

question

House of Burgesses

answer

First representative legislative body in the New World; assembly of Virginia

question

Human Capital

answer

Skills, knowledge, and experience expressed by an individual or population, that is viewed in terms of their value or cost to an organization or country.

question

Illegal Immigrant

answer

Foreign body that enters the U.S. without an entry visa, especially one who crossed the border and did not have an inspection or one who overstays the amount of time that is allowed for a visitor, tourist, or business person.

question

Immigrant

answer

A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country

question

Imperialism

answer

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force

question

Incapacitation

answer

Effect of a sentence in terms of positively preventing future offending

question

Incentive

answer

A thing used to motivate somebody to do something

question

Incumbent

answer

An official that is currently holding office

question

Indentured Servants

answer

A person that is under a contract to work for another person for a set amount of time, usually without pay, but in exchange for free passage to a new country

question

Inherent powers

answer

Powers that are over and beyond those that are stated in the Constitution or which can reasonably be implied from expressed grants

question

Intolerable acts

answer

A series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party

question

James Oglethorpe

answer

A British general, member of Parliament, philanthropist, and the founder of Georgia

question

Jamestown

answer

The first permanent English settlement in the Americas, founded in Virginia in 1607

question

John Locke

answer

An English philosopher and physician that was regarded as a big influence of Enlightenment and was known as the "Father of Classical Liberalism"

question

John Peter Zenger Case

answer

Set precedent for the freedom of press in America

question

John Smith

answer

English explorer who helped found Jamestown, Virginia, and was said to be saved by Pocahontas

question

John Winthrop

answer

A wealthy English Puritan lawyer and a leading figure in the founding of the Massachusetts

question

Laissez Faire

answer

A type of government where there is a lack of interference of the government with in the free market.

question

Land Ordinance of 1785

answer

A law passed by Congress that allowed for sales of land in the Northwest territory and set up the standards for land sale that became precedents

question

Levels of federal courts

answer

There are 3 levels: U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. Court of Appeals, and the U.S. District Courts

question

Level of state courts

answer

Trial Court, Intermediate Court of Appeals, and a Supreme Court

question

Libel

answer

A published false statement that damages a person's reputation; written defamation

question

Liberal

answer

People who are open to new behaviors or opinions and are willing to throw away old traditions and values.

question

Lieutenant governor

answer

The executive officer of a state who is next in rank after the governor and replaces the governor in case of death or disability

question

Lobbyist

answer

A person that is hired by a business or cause to persuade legislators to support the business or cause, and they get paid to win favor from politicians

question

Lord Baltimore

answer

The first person to have the idea of having a colony in America where the Catholics and Protestants could flourish together

question

Lower interest rate

answer

Lower interest rates allows a borrower to have more money to borrow

question

Manga Carta

answer

A charter that recognizes the rights a person of basic liberties has; issued by King John of England

question

Majority opinion

answer

A statement that presents the views of the majority of Supreme court justices regarding a case

question

Marginal cost

answer

The additional or extra benefit associated with an action

question

Market economy

answer

System in which individuals own the factors of production and make economic decisions through free interaction

question

Maryland Toleration Act

answer

Law that authorized religious religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians; Passed on April 21, 1649 by the assembly of the Maryland colony

question

Massachusetts Bay Colony

answer

Settled in 1630; was the first colony of the New England colonies

question

Mayflower Compact

answer

A document that was signed in 1620 on the Mayflower ship by the Pilgrims that was considered the first example of self government

question

Mediation

answer

Situation in which union and company officials bring in a third party to try and help them reach an agreement

question

Mercantilism

answer

The theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys

question

Middle Colonies

answer

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

question

Middle Passage

answer

Involved in the triangular trade system; was the part in triangular trade that the Africans that would be used for slavery were shipped from Africa to the New World

question

NAFTA

answer

North American Free Trade Agreement; an agreement made between the United States, Canada, and Mexico regarding trading with one another; put into place on January 1, 2008

question

Necessary and Proper clause

answer

Gives Congress the power to make any law that is necessary and proper for running the country

question

New England Town meetings

answer

Open conventions that promote democracy

question

Northern colonies

answer

Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts

question

Oligarchy

answer

A from of government when a small group of people has control over a country

question

Opportunity Cost

answer

The cost of the next best alternative use of time and money when choosing to do one thing rather than another

question

Original jurisdiction

answer

The authority to hear cases for the first time

question

OSHA

answer

Occupational Safety and Health Administration; founded in 1971 as part of the U.S. department of Labor; makes laws that enforce standards to help the population of working women and men have a healthy life

question

Payroll tax

answer

The amount of money that is taken out of the paychecks of the employees of the U.S.

question

Physical capital

answer

One of the three primary factors of production; includes things that are added to production, like machines

question

Pigeon Hole

answer

A small open space in a desk or wall for storing things like papers

question

Plank

answer

Each individual part of a political party's platform

question

Platform

answer

A series of statements expressing the party's principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues

question

Pocket veto

answer

President's power to kill a bill, if Congress is not in session, by not signing it for 10 days.

question

Political Action Committee

answer

(PAC) Political organization established by a corporation, labor union, or any other special interest group designed to support candidates by contributing money

question

Popular sovereignty

answer

The notion that power lies with the people

question

PPF

answer

Graph representing production tradeoffs of an economy given fixed resources

question

Precinct

answer

A geographical area that contains a specific number of voters

question

President Pro tempor

answer

An officer that is designated to be a stand-in for the leader when they cannot be present

question

Presidential succession

answer

Who takes the president's place in case of death or disability

question

Price Ceiling

answer

Maximum price that can be charged for goods and services, set by the government

question

Price floor

answer

Minimum price that can be charged for goods and services, set by the government

question

Primary Election

answer

An election that narrows down the number of candidates for an office, such as the Presidential election

question

Progressive tax

answer

A tax that has an increasing tax rate as the tax base increases

question

Puritans

answer

Religious dissenters who came to the colonies to purify the Anglican Church

question

Regressive tax

answer

A tax that takes a larger amount from a smaller tax base

question

Representative democracy

answer

A government in which citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their own behalf

question

Reserved powers

answer

Powers that the Constitution does not give to the national government that are kept by the states

question

Responsibility

answer

An obligation that we fulfill voluntarily

question

Retribution

answer

The punishment that a person receives for committing a crime

question

Roger Williams

answer

An English Protestant that believed in the freedom of religion and the separation of the church and state

question

Salary

answer

A fixed payment that a person receives for working

question

Salutary neglect

answer

A period during the colonial times when England kept the colonies obedient by avoiding strict parliamentary force

question

Scarcity

answer

Not having enough resources to produce all of the things we would like to have

question

Shay's Rebellion

answer

An armed uprising that took place in Massachusetts; showed that we needed to have a stronger government system in the U.S.

question

Shortage

answer

Situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied

question

Slander

answer

Spoken untruths that are harmful to someone's reputation

question

Social contract theory

answer

The view that someone's moral/political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live

question

Soft money

answer

Donations given to political parties and not designated for a particular candidate's election campaign

question

Southern Colonies

answer

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

question

Speaker of the house

answer

The officer that is the speaker of the House of Representatives; second in the succession of the President

question

Specialization

answer

When people, businesses, regions, and/or nations concentrate on goods and services that they can produce better than anyone else

question

Subpoena

answer

A writ ordering someone to attend court

question

Suffrage

answer

The right to vote

question

Supply

answer

The amount of goods and services that producers are able and willing to sell at various prices during a specified time period

question

Surplus

answer

Situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded; situation in which government spends less than it collects in revenues

question

Tariff

answer

A customs duty; a tax on an imported good

question

Theocracy

answer

A system of government in which a priest rules to serve God and in the name of God

question

Torts

answer

Wrongful acts for which an injured party has the right to sue

question

Total Electoral Votes

answer

538

question

Totalitarianism

answer

A system in which government control extends to almost all aspects of people's lives

question

Traditional Economy

answer

An economic system in which the decisions of what, how, and for whom to produce are based on custom or habit

question

Triangular trade

answer

Pattern of trade that developed in colonial ties among the Americas, Africa, and Europe

question

Underutilization

answer

To not use in an insufficient amount

question

Variable cost

answer

Costs that vary depending on a company's production volume

question

Vice President

answer

The office directly under the President; does nothing except for what the President tells them to; first in line for the succession of the President

question

Voter apathy

answer

When voters in an election don't care about what is going on or who wins

question

Wage

answer

a fixed regular payment, typically paid on a daily or weekly basis, made by an employer to an employee

question

White collar worker

answer

A job with a high level of education and job perks

question

WTO

answer

World Trade Organization; deals with global trading between nations

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